WEBVTT

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Doctor Lynn Fletcher completed her BA in
Biological Sciences at Mount Holyoke

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College.

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She went on to complete her PhD at
Cornell University in the Department of

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Neurobiology and Behavior.

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The dissertation title was Group Living
and Vibrational Communication in Larvae

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of an Australian sore fly.

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Very benefit.

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After I stuck at Cornell and a visiting
professor position in Indiana,

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she came and joined us here at State and
State.

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She teaches entomology,
behavioural ecology,

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ecology and the environment as well as
the non majors course Human and social

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biology,
the course that developed this festival.

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I don't know why I'm out of breath.

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Doctor Fletcher is passionate about the
living world.

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All the specialty letters with six legs,
I think they're called insect.

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And she's committed to envisioning a
positive future where humans can reclaim

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our position as stewards rather than
dominators of the world around us.

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The talk today is entitled Evolving World
Views and their Impacts,

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bringing an Indigenous perspective
Welcome about the flesh.

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Thank you very much for that introduction.

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And I just want to make sure can
everybody hear me and other part OK,

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excellent.

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Well,
it's a real honor to be speaking at the

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Darwin Festival.

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And I want to thank everybody that's put
in so much effort in creating this

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festival from Virginia Kevill,
who started it and Suitcase who ran it

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for 19 years, amazingly.

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And then everybody who stepped up since
to help run the Darwin Festival.

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And this year,
Jason Brown and Ethel Gordon being Co

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chairs and everybody else who helps to
set this up.

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This is a big,
it's a year long project getting the

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Darwin Festival going.

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And so it's a real honor to be here.

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And as you can see,
I'll be speaking about world views and

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their impacts and indigenous perspectives.

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And I also have some nice turtles on this
slide.

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And I do love turtles,
but there is a reason why I have turtles

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and that is because the perspectives from
which I'll be speaking with today are

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predominantly North North America,
Indigenous peoples and many indigenous

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tribes and nations in North America refer
to North America as Turtle Island.

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And so hence most of the artwork that I
have in here are is from indigenous

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people's artwork.

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And here's some artwork of Turtle Island.

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All right, so,
and I will also start with a land

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acknowledgement.

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Just saying that, you know,
Salem State is occupied by part of non

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Keg,
which is the ancestral and traditional

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homeland of the Pawtucket,
which are part of the Massachusetts tribe.

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And so most of us here are probably of
the settler community, you know,

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on this land and just acknowledging that
this land was inhabited before the

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settler community arrived.

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I also start with an introduction of
myself.

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I know many people in here,
but not everyone.

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And I am a a lover of the natural world,
so my happy place is being outside in all

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seasons.

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And yeah, I love insects,
as has been said,

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but I just love observing.

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There's so much beauty out there,
even when it's cold.

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So we have some winter,
winter pictures there too.

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There's just so much to explore.

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And that's really why I went into the
field of biology,

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for my love of the natural world.

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And it's a great honor to be here at
Salem State teaching what I love and also

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working with the students here.

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It's a real honor to work with the Salem
State students.

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I also feel humbled and honored to be
asked to talk today.

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I am clearly a white woman of settler
origin,

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so I am a student of Indigenous knowledge
and it is a real passion of mine.

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I was first introduced to this when I was
an undergraduate.

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So in your shoes,
I had read a book that was about

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Aboriginal peoples and their culture in
Australia.

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And honestly, I hope it's different today.

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But in my day,
I hadn't learned about any of these

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thoughts and ways of living and,
and societies in my, you know,

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K through 12.

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And it was really moving because I was
being introduced to a worldview and

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societies that that had, you know,
these incredible, like,

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a relationship with the world around them
that was full of respect and reciprocity

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and who cared.

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And it was very different from the
worldview that I felt that I was living

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in.

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And I didn't realize that there were
whole societies that shared this

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worldview.

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So from that time it's been some of
interest of mine.

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So this is like,
clearly I love our planet and I share

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this with my students.

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And because we all we, I mean,
I think we do live on amazing planet.

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It's the only one we know where there's
life, at least life as we know it.

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And there's so much of that life,
like it's so diverse,

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right from the insects of the six leggeds,
the two leggeds like us, 4 leggeds,

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8 leggeds.

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But then there's, you know,
finned everything living in the water,

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single celled organisms,
things underground trees which span

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ground and air.

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I mean, and then, you know,
we have terrestrial and aquatic and I

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just, you know,
we are privileged to share this journey

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of our life on a planet full of such
diverse beings.

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And, and, you know, wherever you go,
I just, you can,

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whether it's like looking at little
things, like I had the,

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the picture shared the bud of a red horse
chestnut.

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I mean, it's beautiful.

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It's, it's small.

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So the macroscopic and,
or the microscopic and macroscopic,

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you can get, you know,
feelings of awe in our world And,

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and it's this feelings of expansiveness.

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And, and yet at the same time,
we live in this world of incredible

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beauty, incredible abundance.

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We are also cognizant of today's
ecological crisis, right?

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And,
and kind of there's this diminishment of

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life occurring and that leads, you know,
there's a lot of terms and things that we

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know that are going on and it leads,
you know,

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we go from the state of expansion to kind
of a contraction because it's like,

a5db3dc8-7c2b-42c8-a573-edfecc9c8488-4
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it's sad, right?

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And it's overwhelming.

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Like there's all these things happening
and it's like, but,

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but I love our planet and I don't want
this to be happening and it's happening

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and but why is it happening, right?

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So we might be asking ourselves, like,
how did we get here?

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Like we haven't even been on the planet
that long, like as a species, right?

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So like, why is this happening?

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And, and, and then, you know,
so we're already kind of in the state of

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like, Oh my God.

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And then we hear like, Oh, well,
we're in the Anthropocene.

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And this is, you know,
geologists around the world have agreed

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that we are now in a new era,
the Anthropocene.

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And it's, you know,
defined as a period in which human

7407eee2-e4af-49f7-a2f9-5ef78344f1d2-1
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influence is dominant both on the climate
and the land and the water,

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right in the environment.

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And as you can see from the picture,
it's not in a positive way, right?

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So again, we can still get smaller.

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And it's like, but my,
my main message today is like,

0cc6192e-b291-421c-9b7a-ee5090414f2c-1
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this is not what it has to be, right?

b50b2864-4a82-4207-bd86-f160863da585-0
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Human, this is,
we think of humans because we see this

b50b2864-4a82-4207-bd86-f160863da585-1
00:08:02.387 --> 00:08:06.735
like as having a negative impact and we
have been having a negative impact,

b50b2864-4a82-4207-bd86-f160863da585-2
00:08:06.735 --> 00:08:11.084
but not all humans have a negative impact
and not all ways of living have a

b50b2864-4a82-4207-bd86-f160863da585-3
00:08:11.084 --> 00:08:12.000
negative impact.

042d9324-e649-4409-a53a-3fdd40d4e679-0
00:08:12.000 --> 00:08:14.400
And so this does not have to be our
legacy.

8477da72-c642-4777-89c5-3740cea7e7f3-0
00:08:14.400 --> 00:08:18.945
Like it's a current trajectory that if we
don't change anything,

8477da72-c642-4777-89c5-3740cea7e7f3-1
00:08:18.945 --> 00:08:23.560
but we have choices and but we may not be
aware of these choices.

10337317-8fcc-4103-a3fe-d499ab61ab8d-0
00:08:23.560 --> 00:08:30.400
And I-1 woman who is a great,
I respect her tremendously.

09ec828e-c636-4f44-b201-15e70099fdb3-0
00:08:30.400 --> 00:08:31.800
I bring her into my classes.

839fe173-3938-468b-8664-d72f5f29a8e3-0
00:08:31.800 --> 00:08:32.640
Robin Well, come here.

41142e80-abd5-4d1d-8df7-86497cfd9406-0
00:08:32.640 --> 00:08:37.465
She's well known,
but she is a citizen of the Potawatomi

41142e80-abd5-4d1d-8df7-86497cfd9406-1
00:08:37.465 --> 00:08:41.360
Nation,
part of the larger Anishinabe people.

376a6495-6bb6-4ac6-9cf2-97efbd0ac3ff-0
00:08:41.680 --> 00:08:44.120
And she is also a scientist and botanist.

8da6b00c-7d63-4b9b-9265-ac05bc0dfa16-0
00:08:44.160 --> 00:08:49.440
And so she bridges both worlds of Western
science and Indigenous knowledge.

9fc9d210-8fac-4d2f-8bcd-16f3439a41db-0
00:08:49.880 --> 00:08:52.280
And she speaks and writes prolifically.

badd02c6-bf0a-445d-8f7d-4b0709fc61ed-0
00:08:52.280 --> 00:08:55.760
And one of her famous books is Braiding
Sweetgrass.

9ec7c89d-83d8-43ef-a2dc-6db529be8814-0
00:08:57.120 --> 00:08:58.280
But she also teaches.

0a1e81e7-37fd-41d9-ada1-d3f4901e323b-0
00:08:58.280 --> 00:09:03.112
And this is a quote from her, as you know,
she also asks her students about like,

0a1e81e7-37fd-41d9-ada1-d3f4901e323b-1
00:09:03.112 --> 00:09:05.587
well,
what do you what kind of impacts do

0a1e81e7-37fd-41d9-ada1-d3f4901e323b-2
00:09:05.587 --> 00:09:07.120
humans have on the planet?

2540850b-8b93-41dc-8d26-f22c8ad209d5-0
00:09:07.120 --> 00:09:08.640
And they all think of negative ones.

8bb41db9-9bbf-480b-a735-a79d17aa8364-0
00:09:08.640 --> 00:09:10.994
And she's like, how can we begin,
you know,

8bb41db9-9bbf-480b-a735-a79d17aa8364-1
00:09:10.994 --> 00:09:15.276
to move towards ecological and cultural
sustainability if we don't know what it

8bb41db9-9bbf-480b-a735-a79d17aa8364-2
00:09:15.276 --> 00:09:16.240
looks like, right?

dbe022aa-b739-4838-bdc4-bd9f45576a07-0
00:09:16.240 --> 00:09:19.744
If all that we see around us,
all we've ever known is this idea of

dbe022aa-b739-4838-bdc4-bd9f45576a07-1
00:09:19.744 --> 00:09:23.720
humans having a negative impact,
it's hard to envision something different.

d4f62198-f318-4aca-911a-e9e4b947c4e0-0
00:09:24.040 --> 00:09:28.600
And,
and so that's where we're coming in today.

c12e7cbf-336e-46f3-8d3f-e5ac4829d3b5-0
00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:37.360
So my main goal for today's talk is that
humanity has a choice in our legacy and,

c12e7cbf-336e-46f3-8d3f-e5ac4829d3b5-1
00:09:37.360 --> 00:09:41.578
and yes, we have a choice,
we have agency and,

c12e7cbf-336e-46f3-8d3f-e5ac4829d3b5-2
00:09:41.578 --> 00:09:48.400
and then we'll be looking at kind of a
comparison of different world views.

532dedc1-ebe7-4320-8e99-94527697d125-0
00:09:48.400 --> 00:09:52.040
So looking at the Western world view and
indigenous world view.

b4f1355b-7a4c-41b3-a8bf-eac6fc4fd8a5-0
00:09:52.360 --> 00:09:57.533
And then we'll be delving into the
indigenous perspective and world view,

b4f1355b-7a4c-41b3-a8bf-eac6fc4fd8a5-1
00:09:57.533 --> 00:10:01.938
which is also referred to as traditional
ecological knowledge,

b4f1355b-7a4c-41b3-a8bf-eac6fc4fd8a5-2
00:10:01.938 --> 00:10:07.741
giving some examples of stories and some
examples of their teachings in action and

b4f1355b-7a4c-41b3-a8bf-eac6fc4fd8a5-3
00:10:07.741 --> 00:10:09.280
then pathways forward.

58a29582-ae14-488a-8c32-a3c4b0ce641e-0
00:10:09.280 --> 00:10:13.400
So that's the trajectory of the talk
today.

2953adfe-708c-4e40-8710-2af7a0536535-0
00:10:15.360 --> 00:10:15.680
All right.

387d8113-a196-4441-8275-9c3b5f1164c6-0
00:10:15.680 --> 00:10:21.400
So I thought we'd start off with a
historical perspective back in the 1500s.

811632ea-6fa6-4c67-920c-1e56e513144b-0
00:10:21.480 --> 00:10:24.840
And you can see we're looking at North
America and Europe.

c3201586-97dc-487c-b759-c461f4eb7bbd-0
00:10:25.400 --> 00:10:30.830
And at that time,
we had about 40 million people living in

c3201586-97dc-487c-b759-c461f4eb7bbd-1
00:10:30.830 --> 00:10:35.800
North America and 50 million people
living in Europe.

ef588ab0-efdd-49e9-97d4-d311c264f085-0
00:10:36.480 --> 00:10:42.225
And in both places you see nations,
complex economies and societies,

ef588ab0-efdd-49e9-97d4-d311c264f085-1
00:10:42.225 --> 00:10:46.305
governments,
you might not have heard about that

ef588ab0-efdd-49e9-97d4-d311c264f085-2
00:10:46.305 --> 00:10:52.134
happening in North America,
but they were here and existing just like

ef588ab0-efdd-49e9-97d4-d311c264f085-3
00:10:52.134 --> 00:10:53.800
they were in Europe.

78f5615c-0cb4-4f8f-9ff1-e8e662120d97-0
00:10:55.560 --> 00:10:58.480
And so this is happening in both places.

7362032e-5bf0-4432-8b9d-863b32b68632-0
00:10:58.480 --> 00:11:01.800
Yet the natural world was very different
in both places.

ddb95746-f537-462e-ba80-846253304ff1-0
00:11:01.800 --> 00:11:06.163
So again,
this is just an example of of one of the

ddb95746-f537-462e-ba80-846253304ff1-1
00:11:06.163 --> 00:11:10.098
descriptions of, you know,
prior to Columbus,

ddb95746-f537-462e-ba80-846253304ff1-2
00:11:10.098 --> 00:11:15.830
so a little before the 1500s,
Europe was experiencing extreme wood

ddb95746-f537-462e-ba80-846253304ff1-3
00:11:15.830 --> 00:11:16.600
scarcity.

bc0d5e55-08b9-416e-8c1b-c90e1ae096e3-0
00:11:16.600 --> 00:11:18.814
And if you're experiencing extreme wood
scarcity,

bc0d5e55-08b9-416e-8c1b-c90e1ae096e3-1
00:11:18.814 --> 00:11:22.535
you're probably experiencing scarcity and
a lot of other things because many things

bc0d5e55-08b9-416e-8c1b-c90e1ae096e3-2
00:11:22.535 --> 00:11:23.200
rely on plants.

c0facac0-8c3f-4a3e-b1bd-16a40fb5b11b-0
00:11:24.680 --> 00:11:26.600
Whereas when settlers, right.

a7babcc1-f89f-4654-9af4-86ae5a4f22c8-0
00:11:26.600 --> 00:11:30.960
So in this time you have European people
starting to explore North America.

febe72eb-4417-4a82-a89f-905dd6b0a22d-0
00:11:31.200 --> 00:11:36.204
When they came here,
they I could not believe the abundance

febe72eb-4417-4a82-a89f-905dd6b0a22d-1
00:11:36.204 --> 00:11:38.040
here in North America.

869770fc-5a46-4862-8338-247b4f2036f0-0
00:11:38.280 --> 00:11:40.600
And we're literally dumbfounded.

e2b99576-ae3d-48c8-9790-5f9727926c2a-0
00:11:40.600 --> 00:11:43.760
Like that's some of the vocabulary used
to describe it.

de907877-9278-4f81-b861-4613cda8d1f3-0
00:11:44.240 --> 00:11:50.009
And they would write back to their
friends and family in Europe to describe

de907877-9278-4f81-b861-4613cda8d1f3-1
00:11:50.009 --> 00:11:51.680
what they were seeing.

26821039-0c87-4455-90b5-2f71308365bb-0
00:11:51.880 --> 00:11:54.800
And I'll just give some examples of some
of these quotes.

9b835f0b-6e0c-4de7-b7e3-6c45fc8112c3-0
00:11:56.240 --> 00:12:04.000
So here we have about fish and oops.

2e115657-a5a5-413e-a754-397cc9fb19a4-0
00:12:07.440 --> 00:12:10.840
So the abundance of sea fish are almost
beyond believing.

30a0af28-3f8a-4ab1-95ad-23de2f3c1eba-0
00:12:10.840 --> 00:12:13.395
Sure,
I should scarce have believed it except

30a0af28-3f8a-4ab1-95ad-23de2f3c1eba-1
00:12:13.395 --> 00:12:15.840
that I had seen it with my own eyes,
right.

27de6d41-5249-455b-9a40-7cc9241f3d0a-0
00:12:16.000 --> 00:12:20.039
And it's true that people,
when they wrote to people in Europe,

27de6d41-5249-455b-9a40-7cc9241f3d0a-1
00:12:20.039 --> 00:12:21.680
they did not believe them.

7c25aa4f-3ddc-4b17-bb93-7075a3c414a5-0
00:12:23.040 --> 00:12:24.800
They could not send pictures, right?

a28fbc08-6d5d-4257-b349-22d57fcb0c88-0
00:12:25.200 --> 00:12:26.360
Or videos or whatever.

f9b37446-5976-490d-bd07-c8863a56310d-0
00:12:27.000 --> 00:12:28.240
So like, I can't believe you.

20230b02-a2cb-4093-99e8-b71e124c04d7-0
00:12:28.280 --> 00:12:31.200
And but you know,
the accounts kept coming.

2503681d-8df1-4c00-8c20-84ad4c79f21f-0
00:12:31.200 --> 00:12:34.567
And here's another one,
somebody saying that the fish were so

2503681d-8df1-4c00-8c20-84ad4c79f21f-1
00:12:34.567 --> 00:12:37.880
thick that they might be able to walk on
their backs, right?

116f6071-a489-4118-a941-db9507829e4e-0
00:12:38.760 --> 00:12:43.015
And they said the same thing about birds,
like passenger pigeons were alive at the

116f6071-a489-4118-a941-db9507829e4e-1
00:12:43.015 --> 00:12:46.040
time and they could blanket the sky and
block out the sun.

5754c6aa-73d2-44f2-8d45-c3aa892453d5-0
00:12:46.040 --> 00:12:50.762
I mean they're just,
they also talked about larger animals,

5754c6aa-73d2-44f2-8d45-c3aa892453d5-1
00:12:50.762 --> 00:12:56.586
so beast bears, deer, wolves, foxes,
Beavers, Anders Martins, wild goats,

5754c6aa-73d2-44f2-8d45-c3aa892453d5-2
00:12:56.586 --> 00:13:00.600
moose, etcetera,
100 years in the space of a mile.

de5aa1a2-8ca8-4719-9eed-5d4f6d5b0047-0
00:13:00.840 --> 00:13:04.760
So a lot more diversity and abundance.

d826d731-018e-44a2-b1eb-826b861cd721-0
00:13:04.760 --> 00:13:10.452
And they also were interested in trees,
given that they had the scarcity of trees

d826d731-018e-44a2-b1eb-826b861cd721-1
00:13:10.452 --> 00:13:15.937
and noted that there was an abundance of
this resource right from Maine to the

d826d731-018e-44a2-b1eb-826b861cd721-2
00:13:15.937 --> 00:13:16.840
Hudson woods.

1abd5b89-a2c9-4414-b4ea-cce9e0082525-0
00:13:17.080 --> 00:13:22.690
And this other thing showed up in several
correspondences that they were remarkably

1abd5b89-a2c9-4414-b4ea-cce9e0082525-1
00:13:22.690 --> 00:13:23.960
open and park like.

0c1fc4c8-7e52-4b50-a8d3-8236344a0f8f-0
00:13:24.440 --> 00:13:30.150
And even we have another explorer here,
Verrazano in Narragansett Bay wrote kind

0c1fc4c8-7e52-4b50-a8d3-8236344a0f8f-1
00:13:30.150 --> 00:13:34.097
of a similar thing,
that the forests are so open in the

0c1fc4c8-7e52-4b50-a8d3-8236344a0f8f-2
00:13:34.097 --> 00:13:38.680
undergrowth that they could be traversed
easily by large armies.

5c6d04cc-9b1e-43ef-b5f0-25fa9df3fc39-0
00:13:39.440 --> 00:13:42.361
You know,
little did they realize that they were

5c6d04cc-9b1e-43ef-b5f0-25fa9df3fc39-1
00:13:42.361 --> 00:13:45.522
actually,
these were examples of managed ecosystems,

5c6d04cc-9b1e-43ef-b5f0-25fa9df3fc39-2
00:13:45.522 --> 00:13:45.880
right?

04250e77-0797-4d41-8a45-0e58a08d6b63-0
00:13:45.880 --> 00:13:51.080
So indigenous people would use fire to
manage the undergrowth.

bc3b1a19-ef18-46ee-b07f-e2c8f0324b00-0
00:13:51.440 --> 00:13:52.320
This would help.

be2698ec-09ab-4ed2-8f7a-fb679a241eab-0
00:13:53.440 --> 00:13:58.373
It would basically stimulate the growth
of of some plants that would help bring

be2698ec-09ab-4ed2-8f7a-fb679a241eab-1
00:13:58.373 --> 00:13:59.360
in prey animals.

5ec9be24-55ef-4d35-8220-7e0147764ac2-0
00:13:59.360 --> 00:14:00.840
But you could see the prey animals.

84c76b8c-6379-4257-9bf4-5ccf71bbdb98-0
00:14:00.840 --> 00:14:03.080
So it was like it was like a win win.

a304831e-8a8d-4df8-a45c-bbc3bdd3d8d2-0
00:14:03.080 --> 00:14:05.452
You know,
it helped some other species survive and

a304831e-8a8d-4df8-a45c-bbc3bdd3d8d2-1
00:14:05.452 --> 00:14:07.360
it was also helping them to collect prey.

0f89f416-80dd-457a-b8dd-4752c0d411e6-0
00:14:07.640 --> 00:14:10.000
But you know,
the European eyes did not see that.

f43fc338-7410-4a79-93b2-9104bc847079-0
00:14:12.120 --> 00:14:17.578
So the point here is humans can be
benefactors right,

f43fc338-7410-4a79-93b2-9104bc847079-1
00:14:17.578 --> 00:14:23.240
of the land and we see this in this
historical setting.

9b5b90f5-ec88-4b8b-a56e-4381766424d8-0
00:14:23.240 --> 00:14:28.929
So the abundance that we saw is not due
to the lack of humans but due to the

9b5b90f5-ec88-4b8b-a56e-4381766424d8-1
00:14:28.929 --> 00:14:33.880
relationship they had with the land,
which is different and right.

4e9a4f7a-4119-4328-8fa4-5e101e900456-0
00:14:33.880 --> 00:14:39.385
So again,
this is from Cronin and he wrote book

4e9a4f7a-4119-4328-8fa4-5e101e900456-1
00:14:39.385 --> 00:14:41.680
Changes in the Land.

c5af690b-33f7-4dec-9bcd-f862902ee95d-0
00:14:41.680 --> 00:14:45.160
Like we are not comparing 2 landscapes,
one with and without humans.

b9a30dfb-541e-4f53-9116-378071e03101-0
00:14:45.480 --> 00:14:47.480
We are comparing two ways of living,
right?

20285781-bb4e-4929-81b0-941276713092-0
00:14:48.000 --> 00:14:52.400
One, whereas one,
you're belonging to an ecosystem.

6ffb86e2-7e92-48cd-b6ac-1e7bb8eaca28-0
00:14:53.960 --> 00:14:58.760
So so yes,
humans can have a positive impact.

79791175-313e-497f-bd29-9c1f7c0c26d9-0
00:14:59.360 --> 00:14:59.600
All right.

5ce37848-ba49-4411-b67d-ceace1ba6b5a-0
00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:05.600
And so just introducing the traditional
ecological knowledge as what is this?

69aff44e-6171-4fa2-88a1-e1d12bb79691-0
00:15:06.960 --> 00:15:10.888
So it is a very large body of knowledge,
right,

69aff44e-6171-4fa2-88a1-e1d12bb79691-1
00:15:10.888 --> 00:15:16.617
of practices and beliefs and
relationships with living beings and the

69aff44e-6171-4fa2-88a1-e1d12bb79691-2
00:15:16.617 --> 00:15:17.600
environment.

3360fdcc-ebe5-4992-8dbc-6ce20f4906c5-0
00:15:17.600 --> 00:15:21.080
These are built over long periods of time.

a85be8ec-8421-4bd5-aa9b-35173f98ccb4-0
00:15:22.160 --> 00:15:27.440
So it's empirical place based knowledge
built over millennia.

666a15ef-ec57-4342-9d30-e315b83aaaad-0
00:15:27.920 --> 00:15:30.720
And it's very detailed, right?

2d338ba2-70e6-4909-af75-e29f5453f10d-0
00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:34.214
Because if you've lived in an area for a
long time and you're passing on this

2d338ba2-70e6-4909-af75-e29f5453f10d-1
00:15:34.214 --> 00:15:37.977
information from generation to generation,
there's a lot of information that builds

2d338ba2-70e6-4909-af75-e29f5453f10d-2
00:15:37.977 --> 00:15:38.560
up over time.

143b014c-0d02-446a-b1e8-9ed553826f08-0
00:15:38.960 --> 00:15:42.200
And meant much of this information was
transmitted via stories.

25a1215c-4f1a-4a7e-912a-8d57fd0091c4-0
00:15:42.200 --> 00:15:46.806
And I mean, if you look at, I mean,
social media is basically telling stories

25a1215c-4f1a-4a7e-912a-8d57fd0091c4-1
00:15:46.806 --> 00:15:51.000
and it's another way of telling stories,
but we are built for stories.

73e5bf08-48a5-426e-be02-293dbd7bb90c-0
00:15:51.000 --> 00:15:52.720
We remember things more with stories.

31aecd78-4612-4db1-8583-84b7058a6fda-0
00:15:53.000 --> 00:15:55.484
And you can pack in a lot,
you can pack values,

31aecd78-4612-4db1-8583-84b7058a6fda-1
00:15:55.484 --> 00:15:59.160
you can pack ecological information,
just a lot that can be packed in.

dce36f3c-6c35-4359-8aad-f4b917a1a7b1-0
00:16:02.200 --> 00:16:07.064
And I want to acknowledge, right,
there were so many different nations and,

dce36f3c-6c35-4359-8aad-f4b917a1a7b1-1
00:16:07.064 --> 00:16:09.240
and so there's a lot of diversity.

e788c833-8165-45ce-a1ba-6a41468b2009-0
00:16:09.240 --> 00:16:12.898
But despite the diversity,
the traditional ecological is

e788c833-8165-45ce-a1ba-6a41468b2009-1
00:16:12.898 --> 00:16:17.520
archaeological knowledge is united by
shared philosophies and concepts.

cc28c5ec-4045-4bd6-a366-627edba85584-0
00:16:17.520 --> 00:16:20.597
And this is not some Western
anthropologists saying this,

cc28c5ec-4045-4bd6-a366-627edba85584-1
00:16:20.597 --> 00:16:24.099
but these are indigenous people
themselves saying that they, yes,

cc28c5ec-4045-4bd6-a366-627edba85584-2
00:16:24.099 --> 00:16:25.320
they share core values.

8f45484f-0b82-42d6-a6e4-18b03f9b6c43-0
00:16:25.320 --> 00:16:29.400
And that's why, you know,
in this talk I can talk about they create

8f45484f-0b82-42d6-a6e4-18b03f9b6c43-1
00:16:29.400 --> 00:16:30.600
a similar worldview.

b87f5b8f-d2b9-40ca-9462-4c042e166b62-0
00:16:30.600 --> 00:16:34.712
So I can talk about a kind of an
indigenous worldview compared with a

b87f5b8f-d2b9-40ca-9462-4c042e166b62-1
00:16:34.712 --> 00:16:36.240
Western society worldview.

66b39698-251f-4b67-85a3-af75fd029b76-0
00:16:37.520 --> 00:16:41.062
And again,
worldviews are important because they

66b39698-251f-4b67-85a3-af75fd029b76-1
00:16:41.062 --> 00:16:45.400
shape our values, actions,
and how we relate to each other.

764a03ee-f669-4535-87ed-b208c95a3221-0
00:16:45.760 --> 00:16:48.120
And they're often invisible, right?

a131a4c3-3b59-45e5-af39-d14011d51c3c-0
00:16:48.120 --> 00:16:51.047
If you haven't been exposed to another
worldview,

a131a4c3-3b59-45e5-af39-d14011d51c3c-1
00:16:51.047 --> 00:16:54.560
you might not really know that you're
operating within one.

76ba428f-793f-44cb-866c-75ddcaef48c2-0
00:16:54.560 --> 00:17:00.828
Just like if this goldfish has lived a
good life and has always been in water,

76ba428f-793f-44cb-866c-75ddcaef48c2-1
00:17:00.828 --> 00:17:06.938
then it is not might not be aware of the
water per SE comparison to air like

76ba428f-793f-44cb-866c-75ddcaef48c2-2
00:17:06.938 --> 00:17:09.160
another type of environment.

33fa0bcd-66de-4e9a-9b73-0c99280d567e-0
00:17:09.440 --> 00:17:14.270
And so you could think of world views
being the same you, if you live in one,

33fa0bcd-66de-4e9a-9b73-0c99280d567e-1
00:17:14.270 --> 00:17:18.914
you might not be aware of others unless
you've travelled or met, you know,

33fa0bcd-66de-4e9a-9b73-0c99280d567e-2
00:17:18.914 --> 00:17:19.719
other people.

e4c870fc-67ac-419d-9f3b-6228908f7556-0
00:17:21.400 --> 00:17:26.640
And so we'll talk just a little bit about
some of these differences.

7aaebb5a-1375-40c5-8607-024a4aa2665d-0
00:17:26.880 --> 00:17:31.293
I mean, again, just from that history,
I think we know the traditional,

7aaebb5a-1375-40c5-8607-024a4aa2665d-1
00:17:31.293 --> 00:17:35.645
the indigenous worldview on one side,
you could say is more biocentric

7aaebb5a-1375-40c5-8607-024a4aa2665d-2
00:17:35.645 --> 00:17:36.320
concentric.

a70e0ef4-0e8d-4f4b-80e7-6ed837a8e9ff-0
00:17:36.520 --> 00:17:40.459
And we'll talk about some of the values
held where is the Western society

a70e0ef4-0e8d-4f4b-80e7-6ed837a8e9ff-1
00:17:40.459 --> 00:17:43.920
worldview is more anthropocentric,
hierarchical, as you can see.

a754f956-e860-40d0-97b6-de72f4facc06-0
00:17:44.720 --> 00:17:48.049
So where when I talk about biocentric
concentric,

a754f956-e860-40d0-97b6-de72f4facc06-1
00:17:48.049 --> 00:17:52.909
I'm talking about the indigenous
worldview and Western society worldview

a754f956-e860-40d0-97b6-de72f4facc06-2
00:17:52.909 --> 00:17:55.040
and relating to anthropocentric.

d9bfc72b-2b20-4535-b5e0-743b28fc4ccd-0
00:17:55.040 --> 00:17:56.360
So they're kind of synonymous.

ef41931f-9e3a-48bb-8927-2ac2b07da614-0
00:17:59.720 --> 00:18:00.000
All right.

d9a5ae31-8602-4b30-a3a0-7a798822d563-0
00:18:00.600 --> 00:18:09.720
So there are some differences that I want
to highlight and I'll start here.

ed48ef6c-e216-4bf8-b311-a8eeedc600e5-0
00:18:10.280 --> 00:18:13.999
So again, in a biocentric,
as you can kind of just see from the

ed48ef6c-e216-4bf8-b311-a8eeedc600e5-1
00:18:13.999 --> 00:18:16.440
visual, humans are part of a larger whole.

8ebef14f-f4f8-4139-ad62-b2466fb28c72-0
00:18:16.760 --> 00:18:20.439
And you know,
Western science also recognizes we are a

8ebef14f-f4f8-4139-ad62-b2466fb28c72-1
00:18:20.439 --> 00:18:24.520
young species, right, 300,
000 years old compared to others.

df5244ea-81dc-4b66-b137-f29fe5b0e76b-0
00:18:24.840 --> 00:18:29.977
But in the biocentric or kincentric view,
that leads to humility,

df5244ea-81dc-4b66-b137-f29fe5b0e76b-1
00:18:29.977 --> 00:18:33.480
which we don't see on the other side at
all.

1a077724-0d25-4250-8f20-a76609510540-0
00:18:34.240 --> 00:18:39.080
There's really a culture of assumed
superiority as well as domination.

5a5d577c-096f-421d-9805-c60fce96ce32-0
00:18:39.480 --> 00:18:41.680
And it's it is very hierarchical.

fa9cca71-f88b-4c22-8c85-4c57f3e5dc66-0
00:18:44.640 --> 00:18:50.956
The other another thing is that you know
there's respect and with respect and

fa9cca71-f88b-4c22-8c85-4c57f3e5dc66-1
00:18:50.956 --> 00:18:54.520
responsibility with the world around
right?

92df9ebc-3597-4277-9708-570dc8947963-0
00:18:54.520 --> 00:19:01.030
So there's this idea of the the land as
well as other not more than human beings

92df9ebc-3597-4277-9708-570dc8947963-1
00:19:01.030 --> 00:19:06.736
being relatives and and hence,
and you would treat your relatives with

92df9ebc-3597-4277-9708-570dc8947963-2
00:19:06.736 --> 00:19:13.407
respect and and also with responsibility,
especially if you have to use, you know,

92df9ebc-3597-4277-9708-570dc8947963-3
00:19:13.407 --> 00:19:17.506
consume some of them or use some of them
for food,

92df9ebc-3597-4277-9708-570dc8947963-4
00:19:17.506 --> 00:19:20.320
you're going to be more respectful.

5460b3da-7052-4727-9a40-dd0c7f12d2b4-0
00:19:21.160 --> 00:19:28.576
Whereas on the other side, right,
If you're seeing land water in animals,

5460b3da-7052-4727-9a40-dd0c7f12d2b4-1
00:19:28.576 --> 00:19:36.593
including humans, I want to add right,
it depends are seen as resources and are

5460b3da-7052-4727-9a40-dd0c7f12d2b4-2
00:19:36.593 --> 00:19:39.399
more commodified then right.

9dc6317c-feb9-4f02-b633-7b01d5df3a97-0
00:19:39.400 --> 00:19:44.300
So this is this side is kind of leading
to reciprocal life sustaining

9dc6317c-feb9-4f02-b633-7b01d5df3a97-1
00:19:44.300 --> 00:19:45.280
relationships.

a94e2562-9b35-46c4-975c-77613e6a9909-0
00:19:45.960 --> 00:19:48.000
These are with the animate world.

850fa5e5-125c-40da-89d6-25dd190b3283-0
00:19:48.000 --> 00:19:52.365
So it's with with the people in the world,
but with the also the more than human

850fa5e5-125c-40da-89d6-25dd190b3283-1
00:19:52.365 --> 00:19:53.120
animate world.

8c9ddefc-63a3-4960-af62-9ed4ed722837-0
00:19:53.400 --> 00:19:57.679
And you're going to be guided by ethics
as well as gratitude for what you're

8c9ddefc-63a3-4960-af62-9ed4ed722837-1
00:19:57.679 --> 00:20:00.680
being given versus an extractive
relationship, right?

b2a54ab5-551b-4cc0-977f-cb77157a10af-0
00:20:00.680 --> 00:20:02.240
If things are if, if.

835b3c65-cc2e-4d86-a248-8a1bf5b95ea3-0
00:20:02.760 --> 00:20:06.729
The world around you are objects and
things you can take, you know,

835b3c65-cc2e-4d86-a248-8a1bf5b95ea3-1
00:20:06.729 --> 00:20:11.400
take what you what you can without really
thought of what you give back, right?

79cff9e0-de8a-40a1-b7ec-cc2fa5856190-0
00:20:11.400 --> 00:20:12.600
So it's more extractive.

5a93bf8b-458d-41fb-9462-062270232fa4-0
00:20:14.560 --> 00:20:18.841
And then again,
one is more very deep place based

5a93bf8b-458d-41fb-9462-062270232fa4-1
00:20:18.841 --> 00:20:25.691
knowledge, ancestral ties to the land,
which is cultivated over long periods of

5a93bf8b-458d-41fb-9462-062270232fa4-2
00:20:25.691 --> 00:20:26.120
time.

486200ec-b2cb-479a-a652-77cbe6f23b6a-0
00:20:26.760 --> 00:20:29.794
Whereas on the other side,
if you don't have that, I mean,

486200ec-b2cb-479a-a652-77cbe6f23b6a-1
00:20:29.794 --> 00:20:32.262
some people stay in the same place for a
while,

486200ec-b2cb-479a-a652-77cbe6f23b6a-2
00:20:32.262 --> 00:20:34.680
but it really is rooted in colonialism,
right?

830cc89d-c460-4355-a066-f6a9f8059b1c-0
00:20:34.680 --> 00:20:38.120
You're going to more places and that's
part of extractivism.

93862fe8-34d0-49d1-9679-4bb4efd595f3-0
00:20:38.120 --> 00:20:40.040
You can't extract in one place forever.

5316cb01-1f47-440b-a652-57f83af0c36d-0
00:20:40.040 --> 00:20:45.262
You have to keep going other places and
you're not going to develop that tie over

5316cb01-1f47-440b-a652-57f83af0c36d-1
00:20:45.262 --> 00:20:46.600
long periods of time.

dcbe8503-c884-4c19-9bb2-e94f38fd141d-0
00:20:46.920 --> 00:20:52.294
So just I have one more to add,
but I'll just say from right here,

dcbe8503-c884-4c19-9bb2-e94f38fd141d-1
00:20:52.294 --> 00:20:57.428
you can see the this,
I guess it's your right, but but this is,

dcbe8503-c884-4c19-9bb2-e94f38fd141d-2
00:20:57.428 --> 00:21:01.840
this is more control based,
more centered in the mind.

fd9adb9a-6b1b-483d-85ea-c3c6cea8dc06-0
00:21:02.880 --> 00:21:07.200
This there's, there's more heart in here,
it's more relationship.

b032caa7-4b57-45ab-be44-6ae79fd2d8b0-0
00:21:07.200 --> 00:21:10.080
I mean, they're an indigenous people.

1c25ee19-70eb-433f-b9be-bba6b3ff0e0e-0
00:21:10.080 --> 00:21:14.268
They talk about four ways of knowing,
which includes spiritual, emotional,

1c25ee19-70eb-433f-b9be-bba6b3ff0e0e-1
00:21:14.268 --> 00:21:15.720
intellectual and physical.

1061b3d8-d0cc-4c8e-93c1-6b4d5d9a7ec6-0
00:21:15.880 --> 00:21:17.680
And they're all equally valued.

4fb3386d-21d8-4d20-a8e9-6f5e103ed5c0-0
00:21:17.920 --> 00:21:21.739
Whereas we certainly have those things in
our society,

4fb3386d-21d8-4d20-a8e9-6f5e103ed5c0-1
00:21:21.739 --> 00:21:27.365
but we really highly value intellect in
the mind and sometimes to our detriment,

4fb3386d-21d8-4d20-a8e9-6f5e103ed5c0-2
00:21:27.365 --> 00:21:30.490
right,
where we we aren't really letting the

4fb3386d-21d8-4d20-a8e9-6f5e103ed5c0-3
00:21:30.490 --> 00:21:31.879
heart shine as much.

4a624582-3b6d-4ff5-96a3-3a9fed6b0860-0
00:21:35.200 --> 00:21:35.520
All right.

386ae9cb-dcb9-4ec7-bf98-3004534c77ec-0
00:21:35.520 --> 00:21:41.950
And then my last bullet point in
comparison is again,

386ae9cb-dcb9-4ec7-bf98-3004534c77ec-1
00:21:41.950 --> 00:21:45.880
this is kind of a summary, right?

daa295c2-08dc-42c7-8aa7-1c42d74e657e-0
00:21:45.880 --> 00:21:49.240
Seeing you see yourself as part of more
of a community, right?

a29723d0-b70f-4360-aaba-a6890bae6db7-0
00:21:49.480 --> 00:21:54.100
And so again,
cooperation and reciprocity will be

a29723d0-b70f-4360-aaba-a6890bae6db7-1
00:21:54.100 --> 00:21:57.520
emphasized versus in Western society.

9350f1e1-97bd-45c0-8ce5-06dd87ca6b15-0
00:21:58.080 --> 00:22:05.100
And it varies, you know, it varies,
but we are more focused on individuality,

9350f1e1-97bd-45c0-8ce5-06dd87ca6b15-1
00:22:05.100 --> 00:22:05.640
right?

35882c8c-0758-4783-b0f5-1c3815b6bf75-0
00:22:05.640 --> 00:22:11.159
And and this does then bring out more
competition as kind of it's,

35882c8c-0758-4783-b0f5-1c3815b6bf75-1
00:22:11.159 --> 00:22:12.560
it's more common.

868b463b-b128-40ae-950b-517ddc24c264-0
00:22:13.680 --> 00:22:16.200
It's a it's, it's highlighted.

7acbe8e5-201a-4b4a-8a85-987970d7c95c-0
00:22:16.560 --> 00:22:17.440
I guess that's what I said.

d83a6a36-00e5-4050-a1c9-adcfced24060-0
00:22:17.560 --> 00:22:18.160
That's what I said.

4d9ca051-fe38-4ff9-8f01-5383e98aeb71-0
00:22:18.840 --> 00:22:19.680
I guess that's what I meant.

203aa973-7336-4505-aa86-ce26a9cde9ab-0
00:22:19.680 --> 00:22:20.640
Yes, it's highlighted.

d391f456-f4d3-4234-9b5b-bcefeb522b3b-0
00:22:21.640 --> 00:22:27.131
And because we're at the Darwin Festival,
I want to just say a little bit about

d391f456-f4d3-4234-9b5b-bcefeb522b3b-1
00:22:27.131 --> 00:22:31.800
that last one in relation to right,
this is the Western world view.

8edb7f8d-92e6-4821-ad97-37c15e69628c-0
00:22:31.800 --> 00:22:38.510
But then in Western science,
so in there is an emphasis on competition

8edb7f8d-92e6-4821-ad97-37c15e69628c-1
00:22:38.510 --> 00:22:41.440
in Western scientific thinking.

440650f6-a229-440e-8ed3-cb62fec002da-0
00:22:42.760 --> 00:22:46.588
And you know, Darwin,
who we're celebrating today,

440650f6-a229-440e-8ed3-cb62fec002da-1
00:22:46.588 --> 00:22:48.240
happy birthday, right?

5f877423-3af8-45a1-bbcb-cc072e009f0c-0
00:22:48.240 --> 00:22:50.538
He,
he wasn't the only one who came up with

5f877423-3af8-45a1-bbcb-cc072e009f0c-1
00:22:50.538 --> 00:22:54.195
this theory of natural selection,
but he was a great proponent of it,

5f877423-3af8-45a1-bbcb-cc072e009f0c-2
00:22:54.195 --> 00:22:55.920
you know, Alfred Wallace as well.

15757c38-99ef-4cde-a993-9c05ad880f40-0
00:22:56.240 --> 00:22:58.880
But it, you know,
it is a wonderful concept.

55359d12-87b8-4855-be20-04411ca5c9a7-0
00:22:58.880 --> 00:23:04.140
It helps us unite or it's like the
umbrella of understanding the diversity

55359d12-87b8-4855-be20-04411ca5c9a7-1
00:23:04.140 --> 00:23:09.120
of life And natural selection is an
excellent mechanism for evolution.

ee343335-6142-4eef-9754-a97913ec6922-0
00:23:09.680 --> 00:23:13.956
And you know,
Darwin and Western science all came about

ee343335-6142-4eef-9754-a97913ec6922-1
00:23:13.956 --> 00:23:18.080
within a particular worldview,
the Western worldview.

e9133d6f-a321-4ef7-96ec-e12e69cc0731-0
00:23:18.680 --> 00:23:23.356
And there,
there does tend to be an emphasis or a

e9133d6f-a321-4ef7-96ec-e12e69cc0731-1
00:23:23.356 --> 00:23:25.320
focus on competition.

620da07c-5005-4196-b4c7-9d6f8c3e101f-0
00:23:25.840 --> 00:23:27.800
And competition is important, right?

4b263ff9-0d2a-443e-8545-04f0d391631a-0
00:23:27.800 --> 00:23:31.440
It is, it does shape a lot.

97b7a9f7-44af-45ac-a6fb-a0a53bf5fda8-0
00:23:31.800 --> 00:23:36.480
Yet my I want to point out that
cooperation is very important too.

a74e9e5f-201b-4049-ba52-2ab5802ea6c5-0
00:23:36.480 --> 00:23:42.527
And I'll just give one example from a
Western framework and then we'll get into

a74e9e5f-201b-4049-ba52-2ab5802ea6c5-1
00:23:42.527 --> 00:23:45.400
traditional values, ecological values.

8f00ae83-0ee1-4adc-9957-4d7e09531ead-0
00:23:45.400 --> 00:23:48.840
But some of you may have heard of Suzanne
Smart.

16e12103-6a5a-4609-a470-c3f7877aec98-0
00:23:48.880 --> 00:23:53.337
She became more well known with her book
published in 2021,

16e12103-6a5a-4609-a470-c3f7877aec98-1
00:23:53.337 --> 00:23:55.120
Finding the Mother Tree.

5422a3b3-07a3-4098-9a30-100ba44fed5b-0
00:23:55.120 --> 00:23:59.967
But she came from a family of foresters
and she became a forester herself and

5422a3b3-07a3-4098-9a30-100ba44fed5b-1
00:23:59.967 --> 00:24:02.080
then an ecologist and an academic.

23fcb772-f20f-4688-8e38-b9f65bd7145d-0
00:24:03.360 --> 00:24:08.400
When her grandfather and father forested,
they would take down a tree here or there.

5acbb2c9-9a48-44de-bf43-be787caca832-0
00:24:10.200 --> 00:24:14.936
But by the time she was in forestry,
and unfortunately this practice is what

5acbb2c9-9a48-44de-bf43-be787caca832-1
00:24:14.936 --> 00:24:17.520
is still done today, it was clear cutting.

5eb2debd-92f8-42d7-a9d9-fdedb046216e-0
00:24:17.760 --> 00:24:21.885
And not only clear cutting,
you then spray the ground to get rid of

5eb2debd-92f8-42d7-a9d9-fdedb046216e-1
00:24:21.885 --> 00:24:26.434
any other plants so that in herbs and
stuff that will come up and then you

5eb2debd-92f8-42d7-a9d9-fdedb046216e-2
00:24:26.434 --> 00:24:26.920
replant.

3c0f7b86-3ceb-491a-a25d-a961ccca79b8-0
00:24:26.920 --> 00:24:30.240
But you replant monocultures of the trees
you want.

ca0a9ff4-da0b-432e-89a1-b0ca5be1fab2-0
00:24:30.560 --> 00:24:35.786
And then they're growing in like sunlight
and they dry out and they die because

ca0a9ff4-da0b-432e-89a1-b0ca5be1fab2-1
00:24:35.786 --> 00:24:40.360
there's nothing to shade them and and it
just doesn't work very well.

0a838121-251a-490a-b448-cb3c4e918376-0
00:24:40.960 --> 00:24:44.544
But but the reason why they're doing that
is because we don't want any competition,

0a838121-251a-490a-b448-cb3c4e918376-1
00:24:44.544 --> 00:24:44.800
right?

6d9d00e9-4c21-4e33-8fc3-d2f40328bac6-0
00:24:44.800 --> 00:24:48.658
We don't want other herbs and species
competing with the plants we want in our

6d9d00e9-4c21-4e33-8fc3-d2f40328bac6-1
00:24:48.658 --> 00:24:49.000
forest.

d0702441-c268-46c5-8f8e-c73de5edf950-0
00:24:49.480 --> 00:24:53.670
Whereas Suzanne Samard,
her work is really like this finding the

d0702441-c268-46c5-8f8e-c73de5edf950-1
00:24:53.670 --> 00:24:56.120
mother tree is that these large trees?

1890d5c0-cf1e-4550-b97b-a1d91ab12dec-0
00:24:57.640 --> 00:24:59.770
I mean,
there's so much she's done in other

1890d5c0-cf1e-4550-b97b-a1d91ab12dec-1
00:24:59.770 --> 00:25:00.400
people since.

5967a0ae-5513-4b10-b1e6-37925c05258b-0
00:25:00.400 --> 00:25:03.351
But you know,
they actually support their their kin,

5967a0ae-5513-4b10-b1e6-37925c05258b-1
00:25:03.351 --> 00:25:06.080
their younger trees as they're starting
to grow.

38a8ae6e-9ac4-4fee-9041-9dc313ecfba8-0
00:25:06.080 --> 00:25:07.200
They send carbon.

7f5008c0-b6a4-449d-9db9-381e796261ee-0
00:25:07.360 --> 00:25:10.490
They do that through fungal networks
underground,

7f5008c0-b6a4-449d-9db9-381e796261ee-1
00:25:10.490 --> 00:25:14.560
but not only their own kin and species,
they help other species.

1640786c-58a8-4213-9fe1-c6c70a632182-0
00:25:14.560 --> 00:25:18.320
So there's interspecies cooperation going
on obviously with the fungi.

097c4c14-ea5e-46fc-902e-f74955c14666-0
00:25:18.320 --> 00:25:22.712
It's a different species,
but other species of trees and it's an

097c4c14-ea5e-46fc-902e-f74955c14666-1
00:25:22.712 --> 00:25:27.240
incredibly complex network of that helps
the whole forest survive.

3ee7814c-036b-405c-9bd2-f9edd03cab81-0
00:25:27.440 --> 00:25:33.901
And and she has also worked with
indigenous people who have, by the way,

3ee7814c-036b-405c-9bd2-f9edd03cab81-1
00:25:33.901 --> 00:25:37.000
noticed these relationships before.

0a0e3464-dbd3-4c42-9745-ad861708f09d-0
00:25:37.480 --> 00:25:41.720
And now they're being, you know,
recognized with Western science.

a3bf2007-d079-4fa1-b872-69bfb5a61ea5-0
00:25:41.720 --> 00:25:45.040
But she's like, OK,
this was knowledge that was known before.

cb1d84ea-6a97-4ff2-aa32-c5d0963e931e-0
00:25:45.600 --> 00:25:50.000
So my point with this then is just that
we in general,

cb1d84ea-6a97-4ff2-aa32-c5d0963e931e-1
00:25:50.000 --> 00:25:52.480
we find what we're looking for.

c6a5950c-c5ae-4548-8edb-4d53f0a604de-0
00:25:52.480 --> 00:25:55.200
So if we're focused on competition,
that's what we're going to see.

5dd85b7c-74e8-42a4-81f5-a328fa10d27c-0
00:25:56.800 --> 00:25:58.280
But cooperation is out there.

722cc97e-f232-4a53-bade-4443ff22ed64-0
00:25:58.280 --> 00:26:03.320
And and so we we benefit by expanding
perspectives, including perspectives.

44735b41-1e79-4fba-aa9f-5403069f2527-0
00:26:05.040 --> 00:26:12.085
All right,
So back to our biocentric and Indigenous

44735b41-1e79-4fba-aa9f-5403069f2527-1
00:26:12.085 --> 00:26:13.440
worldview.

db065498-9e68-4694-b16c-bddfb7a2a678-0
00:26:13.440 --> 00:26:16.966
And I just,
I had mentioned that stories are

db065498-9e68-4694-b16c-bddfb7a2a678-1
00:26:16.966 --> 00:26:22.216
important and they again contain
tremendous amount of information,

db065498-9e68-4694-b16c-bddfb7a2a678-2
00:26:22.216 --> 00:26:26.840
ecological information,
but they can also transmit values.

eb3c57c2-3318-4d73-8884-e14d057abc2d-0
00:26:27.080 --> 00:26:31.840
And so I'm just going to share there's so
many stories, but to keep it short,

eb3c57c2-3318-4d73-8884-e14d057abc2d-1
00:26:31.840 --> 00:26:34.769
1 today,
and I've shared this with my students,

eb3c57c2-3318-4d73-8884-e14d057abc2d-2
00:26:34.769 --> 00:26:38.920
is one story that kind of encompasses the
values of this worldview.

1a9dd220-76b8-4b23-bf4d-ebaf854e1968-0
00:26:40.080 --> 00:26:44.160
And this was shared by Robin Malcolm
Mirror.

3af1b1db-0c45-4cda-bc32-3007f0afdf3d-0
00:26:44.720 --> 00:26:51.431
It's a creation story of her people and
it's called the story of Sky Woman where

3af1b1db-0c45-4cda-bc32-3007f0afdf3d-1
00:26:51.431 --> 00:26:57.480
again, creation stories give these,
you know, the values provide values.

2d6b1111-0b46-4028-99a1-87d031b10b9d-0
00:26:57.760 --> 00:27:02.336
So in the story of Sky Woman,
the idea is that there's this world and

2d6b1111-0b46-4028-99a1-87d031b10b9d-1
00:27:02.336 --> 00:27:04.560
it was a Dark World full of water.

0bfd4d58-8cf9-4013-85af-685488edcd88-0
00:27:04.560 --> 00:27:07.280
There were animals that lived in the
water and on the water.

40a45a16-9fe4-4f86-bbb0-f48fb084068c-0
00:27:07.720 --> 00:27:13.114
And then one day there was a hole in the
sky and light came through,

40a45a16-9fe4-4f86-bbb0-f48fb084068c-1
00:27:13.114 --> 00:27:14.600
but not only light.

d362183f-d264-4b2b-b6dd-a99100fb7c04-0
00:27:14.840 --> 00:27:20.594
There was a woman who was falling and,
and as she was falling to the water,

d362183f-d264-4b2b-b6dd-a99100fb7c04-1
00:27:20.594 --> 00:27:25.818
the animals were like, Oh no,
like we have to help her and she can't

d362183f-d264-4b2b-b6dd-a99100fb7c04-2
00:27:25.818 --> 00:27:27.560
just fall to the water.

0f2d2600-af08-4385-95af-73bc54b6bc0b-0
00:27:27.560 --> 00:27:33.174
So it was the geese who came and offered
to basically help her fall,

0f2d2600-af08-4385-95af-73bc54b6bc0b-1
00:27:33.174 --> 00:27:37.080
more like catch her and bring her to the
water.

5e2be23b-702b-4cfc-ab82-0295929a18ad-0
00:27:37.400 --> 00:27:43.442
So this is another piece of artwork that
shows sky women being held by the geese

5e2be23b-702b-4cfc-ab82-0295929a18ad-1
00:27:43.442 --> 00:27:45.680
as she is coming to the water.

f4ace608-f594-476a-bd9d-f495910c4b76-0
00:27:46.520 --> 00:27:49.680
But the animals realized she cannot live
in the water.

252ec7c8-4c29-4cda-a776-04eca25d9ed2-0
00:27:49.920 --> 00:27:53.753
And so this turtle arrives and says, well,
she can,

252ec7c8-4c29-4cda-a776-04eca25d9ed2-1
00:27:53.753 --> 00:27:58.840
we can use my back and create land,
but to create land, we need mud.

a878c0fd-0d9e-4875-96a8-b72351845d69-0
00:27:59.160 --> 00:28:01.792
And,
and so we need to get mud from the bottom

a878c0fd-0d9e-4875-96a8-b72351845d69-1
00:28:01.792 --> 00:28:02.520
of the water.

514327c2-52ef-4d7d-be55-f1f72723a489-0
00:28:02.520 --> 00:28:06.157
And so there were a bunch of animals that
volunteered to dive and they,

514327c2-52ef-4d7d-be55-f1f72723a489-1
00:28:06.157 --> 00:28:08.280
but it was so deep, they couldn't make it.

d04314e0-dd04-4a4a-a23c-d2615bc6e0aa-0
00:28:08.600 --> 00:28:10.652
But the lowly muskrat,
or I shouldn't say lowly,

d04314e0-dd04-4a4a-a23c-d2615bc6e0aa-1
00:28:10.652 --> 00:28:12.160
but I should say the humble muskrat.

b60bb75e-7759-4292-ace5-8727c6d03aff-0
00:28:13.400 --> 00:28:16.672
And you know,
the answer is through really adopting

b60bb75e-7759-4292-ace5-8727c6d03aff-1
00:28:16.672 --> 00:28:19.882
following the guidelines of the honorable
harvest,

b60bb75e-7759-4292-ace5-8727c6d03aff-2
00:28:19.882 --> 00:28:22.840
which basically engenders all of these
values.

df686065-967c-4194-b143-dca2805a0eea-0
00:28:23.200 --> 00:28:29.825
But it's an oral tradition,
just like you don't take more than you

df686065-967c-4194-b143-dca2805a0eea-1
00:28:29.825 --> 00:28:30.320
need.

4ca46aa1-33ba-47f9-b194-967ff589bba7-0
00:28:30.800 --> 00:28:34.615
Only, you know, ask for permission,
you know, give back, right if,

4ca46aa1-33ba-47f9-b194-967ff589bba7-1
00:28:34.615 --> 00:28:38.487
if there's only one left,
like there's not enough to take grade and

4ca46aa1-33ba-47f9-b194-967ff589bba7-2
00:28:38.487 --> 00:28:39.000
so forth.

7ee898d8-f048-4c66-92f2-50dcca0d5147-0
00:28:39.000 --> 00:28:43.800
So it's just really kind of taking with
respect and getting giving back.

e01674fb-9d82-4d1c-a42f-787367d56d61-0
00:28:44.800 --> 00:28:50.628
So first example,
I want to talk about our in relation to

e01674fb-9d82-4d1c-a42f-787367d56d61-1
00:28:50.628 --> 00:28:56.457
coastal nations and,
and also people that live near other

e01674fb-9d82-4d1c-a42f-787367d56d61-2
00:28:56.457 --> 00:29:03.391
waterways, so fresh water and,
and look at one of the ways that they

e01674fb-9d82-4d1c-a42f-787367d56d61-3
00:29:03.391 --> 00:29:05.199
would cook, right?

b52f0628-d5a3-4fa8-af38-8c7d0d567206-0
00:29:05.200 --> 00:29:06.760
Because we we are kind of tropes.

4695c701-b7a2-4a5d-aa47-4e63cf1d7d1e-0
00:29:06.920 --> 00:29:10.805
So they would eat fish,
but they did so in a way that was a

4695c701-b7a2-4a5d-aa47-4e63cf1d7d1e-1
00:29:10.805 --> 00:29:13.720
really ingenious message with fishing
weirs.

41694349-e571-4a8d-92aa-00bd627e5efa-0
00:29:14.720 --> 00:29:18.256
And I just want to also highlight that
this is,

41694349-e571-4a8d-92aa-00bd627e5efa-1
00:29:18.256 --> 00:29:23.560
this requires really intimate knowledge
of both the fish and the tides.

4899cd13-e5d4-46fe-99c4-ab70e2542b09-0
00:29:24.040 --> 00:29:28.738
So, you know, in Western science,
like you can get a PhD and study for six

4899cd13-e5d4-46fe-99c4-ab70e2542b09-1
00:29:28.738 --> 00:29:32.434
years of something,
or maybe you have a whole career of 30

4899cd13-e5d4-46fe-99c4-ab70e2542b09-2
00:29:32.434 --> 00:29:36.882
years, you're studying something,
but that pales in comparison to like

4899cd13-e5d4-46fe-99c4-ab70e2542b09-3
00:29:36.882 --> 00:29:39.200
generations of place based knowledge.

ca30b067-aa1f-43df-a86b-d34f67c951b1-0
00:29:39.640 --> 00:29:43.400
And and that's what, you know,
these people had and have.

501443f8-b055-44f2-aba2-f936570fa2a5-0
00:29:43.760 --> 00:29:48.982
And we have examples of long, you know,
really old examples of fishing rear

501443f8-b055-44f2-aba2-f936570fa2a5-1
00:29:48.982 --> 00:29:53.585
infrastructure that date back, you know,
many thousands over 5000,

501443f8-b055-44f2-aba2-f936570fa2a5-2
00:29:53.585 --> 00:29:57.640
almost 6000 years old in some places,
including in Boston.

3facb407-a795-46fc-b352-b3dc67ee0f4a-0
00:29:58.720 --> 00:30:07.440
And this is based on research done up in
the Vancouver area of the Kamoke people.

4a72c318-59ec-4154-98c1-f5ad4a056419-0
00:30:07.880 --> 00:30:12.080
And I'm just going to show you an example
of how a tidal fishing mirror would work.

64d99922-b5bd-40e7-b35c-67bf278141a5-0
00:30:12.080 --> 00:30:14.640
This video works.

9d222007-bd35-47ad-ac5a-d025424ffcc8-0
00:30:15.920 --> 00:30:20.200
The comas built the frame of the fish
traps by pounding long poles.

09bdc999-a4cd-4967-b733-a07513bc4cfc-0
00:30:20.560 --> 00:30:24.320
Douglas first applins, for instance,
into the tidal flats.

410f058f-77a2-4934-b7d7-cad0fd92cc91-0
00:30:25.240 --> 00:30:30.242
They lashed woven panels to the poles to
act as fences and designed to leave the

410f058f-77a2-4934-b7d7-cad0fd92cc91-1
00:30:30.242 --> 00:30:32.280
fish into the traps at high tide.

30eec5a3-a188-4d74-9d76-0fcdbaff4667-0
00:30:34.360 --> 00:30:37.080
Once inside, fish couldn't find the exit.

0cba0027-e499-405f-ae15-818568a946e5-0
00:30:38.160 --> 00:30:42.402
As the tide receded,
fish would see deep water which kept them

0cba0027-e499-405f-ae15-818568a946e5-1
00:30:42.402 --> 00:30:43.480
inside the trap.

3f7706da-125a-4a84-a748-1e6075173ee3-0
00:30:44.200 --> 00:30:47.440
Once the tide was out,
fishers could walk inside.

27e1afbc-f0eb-4cd0-aed1-693ba9c68915-0
00:30:47.440 --> 00:30:48.880
And pretty cool method.

4e1d2d4e-6c36-48aa-86a1-592041243320-0
00:30:50.720 --> 00:30:51.800
So it makes it easier on them.

87f0853f-a618-4727-9291-00a4de4be1a0-0
00:30:51.800 --> 00:30:55.894
I mean, you have to build it,
but you but you're also not, you know,

87f0853f-a618-4727-9291-00a4de4be1a0-1
00:30:55.894 --> 00:30:59.040
you take what you need and then you let
the rest go.

b3de27c7-03c7-4325-a71c-1add7429e6eb-0
00:30:59.040 --> 00:31:05.311
So this really does, you know,
emphasize the horrible harvest and in

b3de27c7-03c7-4325-a71c-1add7429e6eb-1
00:31:05.311 --> 00:31:12.400
that they are again taking what they
needed and they're not harming the fish.

a546a7cc-6602-4189-b94a-e8c49f4d3427-0
00:31:12.400 --> 00:31:16.101
I mean, obviously the fish,
the catch they're going to eat,

a546a7cc-6602-4189-b94a-e8c49f4d3427-1
00:31:16.101 --> 00:31:21.036
but there's not a lot of there's not harm
to other fish, you know, bycatch and,

a546a7cc-6602-4189-b94a-e8c49f4d3427-2
00:31:21.036 --> 00:31:22.640
and trawling and so forth.

cba60ac7-5192-4ab3-91b7-5155fe5e0b7c-0
00:31:23.200 --> 00:31:26.640
And, and also you can have mirrors.

6d1a0e59-1abd-4855-b5bf-1339776e66e4-0
00:31:27.360 --> 00:31:29.896
So this is one there,
there are lots of different varieties of

6d1a0e59-1abd-4855-b5bf-1339776e66e4-1
00:31:29.896 --> 00:31:31.949
mirrors, but you can have mirrors where,
you know,

6d1a0e59-1abd-4855-b5bf-1339776e66e4-2
00:31:31.949 --> 00:31:33.600
smaller fish would be able to go through.

e31a7d51-4839-4f61-9bfb-c13a7906194a-0
00:31:33.640 --> 00:31:35.960
So you can only be catching like the
larger fish.

65bea3e5-f360-4d68-834d-6d6de45ff8a9-0
00:31:37.920 --> 00:31:44.175
And I just want to mention that this is a
the Massachusetts tribe lived lives on a

65bea3e5-f360-4d68-834d-6d6de45ff8a9-1
00:31:44.175 --> 00:31:49.902
coastal area and they used fishing
mirrors and continue today to revitalize

65bea3e5-f360-4d68-834d-6d6de45ff8a9-2
00:31:49.902 --> 00:31:53.520
this technology through outreach and
education.

b4e34494-a1a9-4b2b-8153-7bc8f124a1a3-0
00:31:53.720 --> 00:31:58.702
This is Thomas Green this interview of
courting CPU is here in Indigenous

b4e34494-a1a9-4b2b-8153-7bc8f124a1a3-1
00:31:58.702 --> 00:32:00.520
Peoples month and November.

6f138c2c-efed-4d96-8245-38f93bec4f03-0
00:32:00.880 --> 00:32:05.554
Great person and advocate for, you know,
the,

6f138c2c-efed-4d96-8245-38f93bec4f03-1
00:32:05.554 --> 00:32:13.480
the knowledge of these people and it's
wonderful that he shares it all right.

f453a785-c94f-48f3-b867-8bede202d9e7-0
00:32:14.320 --> 00:32:20.960
Another example are the Menominee and
they're considered a people of trees are

f453a785-c94f-48f3-b867-8bede202d9e7-1
00:32:20.960 --> 00:32:27.600
three examples #2 and they are known even
by other tribes as the ancient ones.

8fbea186-0160-4e82-9a9b-dcf82f6a1683-0
00:32:27.680 --> 00:32:33.400
They've been along around for in this
area of Wisconsin for over 12,000 years.

649fa079-b7d4-4ad4-83ec-2ea39ed7524b-0
00:32:34.040 --> 00:32:37.304
Obviously there was ice there during the
glacier glaciers,

649fa079-b7d4-4ad4-83ec-2ea39ed7524b-1
00:32:37.304 --> 00:32:41.400
but once the glaciers receded,
the trees became really important to them.

2d49fe9b-b7c5-47b2-b319-c8e302f8f9f1-0
00:32:41.400 --> 00:32:45.880
And so the trees were important
infrastructure for their housing.

04656604-f977-4e5b-a82b-1eff30651981-0
00:32:46.200 --> 00:32:49.080
They lived near Wisconsin.

87b196b8-1efa-41a7-87a7-9bed7da3a129-0
00:32:49.760 --> 00:32:51.640
Is that the one with the Land of 1000
lakes?

15fa4c85-0c61-4a54-896f-b4f7cec5c840-0
00:32:51.680 --> 00:32:52.400
I was getting confused.

baecec20-7ce1-4491-9ed4-af272116b379-0
00:32:52.400 --> 00:32:53.920
But then there's a lot of water, right?

00c582f7-f2e9-4a71-b0b3-99b26379f10f-0
00:32:54.320 --> 00:32:55.320
There's also the Great Lakes.

e5242644-55d5-4467-9259-51c7fb02ea3d-0
00:32:55.640 --> 00:33:00.529
So they used canoes and,
and then they get their food right in the

e5242644-55d5-4467-9259-51c7fb02ea3d-1
00:33:00.529 --> 00:33:01.040
forest.

da6a8160-4c30-4c82-b72e-47862e050717-0
00:33:01.440 --> 00:33:03.720
So the forests are very important to them.

ff8c391e-36ec-4efd-bdf8-593f39ad23ca-0
00:33:04.840 --> 00:33:11.240
And, and they sustained the forest for,
you know, thousands of years.

06ab043a-97b0-4ed1-bc79-0823602dfc97-0
00:33:11.400 --> 00:33:15.617
But like many indigenous people there,
most of their land was taken away from

06ab043a-97b0-4ed1-bc79-0823602dfc97-1
00:33:15.617 --> 00:33:17.240
them except for a small piece.

14bfb50f-ad27-4624-94ae-9661bc57f29d-0
00:33:17.560 --> 00:33:21.080
And this was in 1848,
when Wisconsin became a state.

625edf28-e8bc-4bf0-8901-eda6dfcaf84f-0
00:33:23.680 --> 00:33:27.164
So for thousands of years they had lived
on this land using the wood,

625edf28-e8bc-4bf0-8901-eda6dfcaf84f-1
00:33:27.164 --> 00:33:28.160
and it was forested.

9769a596-eece-46fa-a3f0-c85e849563f5-0
00:33:28.400 --> 00:33:32.629
In less than 30 years,
the land that had been taken from them

9769a596-eece-46fa-a3f0-c85e849563f5-1
00:33:32.629 --> 00:33:34.880
was completely deforested, right?

d9dc1a11-1b41-4243-8964-169e009f8209-0
00:33:34.920 --> 00:33:39.346
So you have the settlers coming in and
using the land and the wood,

d9dc1a11-1b41-4243-8964-169e009f8209-1
00:33:39.346 --> 00:33:42.080
but in a way that is very, very different.

a07bab5e-ec70-42cd-89b8-06f1b7a652d7-0
00:33:43.720 --> 00:33:47.834
The good news is that you know, they,
they, well,

a07bab5e-ec70-42cd-89b8-06f1b7a652d7-1
00:33:47.834 --> 00:33:52.689
this is a quote from the chief at the
time when it became,

a07bab5e-ec70-42cd-89b8-06f1b7a652d7-2
00:33:52.689 --> 00:33:58.119
when that was living at the time when
Wisconsin became the state.

46dddf4c-0799-41c8-ad73-413ac45cc719-0
00:33:58.120 --> 00:34:00.360
But he said the Menominee know how to
harvest forest.

a01b339a-f717-4390-aebd-fdd53b347a87-0
00:34:00.360 --> 00:34:01.640
The trees last forever, right?

4933f29b-74e4-48ea-8a53-d1c3f26f5631-0
00:34:01.640 --> 00:34:04.808
So again,
you had to live and maintain this

4933f29b-74e4-48ea-8a53-d1c3f26f5631-1
00:34:04.808 --> 00:34:07.400
ecosystem as well as make use of it.

1c83d08e-75dd-4e9b-ba54-28af5828e3df-0
00:34:09.200 --> 00:34:12.280
And the good news is that, you know,
the Menominee still live there.

a2ecafc7-b2e7-41c1-8585-f92894e5261b-0
00:34:12.280 --> 00:34:18.948
They they did retain some of their land
and they are a shining example of right

a2ecafc7-b2e7-41c1-8585-f92894e5261b-1
00:34:18.948 --> 00:34:25.367
they they are still harvesting the way
they've harvested over 2 billion four

a2ecafc7-b2e7-41c1-8585-f92894e5261b-2
00:34:25.367 --> 00:34:32.120
feet in the less than two years and yet
right 90% of the land is still forested.

6b16745e-58dd-436f-b175-8dcb1f4c7901-0
00:34:32.520 --> 00:34:33.360
They are healthy.

06bf4c2e-06a0-4030-9fb7-422a0892e919-0
00:34:34.600 --> 00:34:36.200
They still have old Grove trees.

7de33e98-223d-4096-9d80-53caf20ee017-0
00:34:36.280 --> 00:34:37.720
They're not a monoculture.

9a08b2fa-6e3c-4ac1-8da8-06b66d3b7a98-0
00:34:37.760 --> 00:34:42.960
They have diversity and there's more
trees there than others were in 1854.

7120e64a-5a71-4813-8e3f-71800bdd6b1b-0
00:34:43.480 --> 00:34:44.600
Very different, right.

b94788b8-3f25-4dd6-8197-e1f5d555ca9a-0
00:34:45.240 --> 00:34:51.440
So clearly you can make use of trees and
have a positive impact at the same time.

372744db-9d7b-4c45-bdee-548a48c259d6-0
00:34:51.840 --> 00:34:57.280
And therefore they become very people are
like, how do you do this?

737d7220-bf33-463a-bf13-2a395d170285-0
00:34:59.480 --> 00:35:00.160
We would like to do this.

11f0fbd0-3854-4297-9a1d-1c5aa88117e6-0
00:35:00.640 --> 00:35:04.129
But but again, they're,
they're clear that it's not a silver

11f0fbd0-3854-4297-9a1d-1c5aa88117e6-1
00:35:04.129 --> 00:35:05.960
bullet or a magic bullet, right?

98d1667b-fb61-4b70-8349-9559b74e3739-0
00:35:05.960 --> 00:35:09.680
So people come here looking for a magic
bullet.

08329a43-bdef-4a5e-a78e-47f4e4ab7fd5-0
00:35:09.680 --> 00:35:12.840
It's, it's, it is,
it's not like you do one thing, right?

a84e0350-ef5c-41f2-aed3-7a6f5f98c30d-0
00:35:12.840 --> 00:35:15.230
It's,
it's how they're living with the land and

a84e0350-ef5c-41f2-aed3-7a6f5f98c30d-1
00:35:15.230 --> 00:35:17.920
their relationship with the world around
them, right?

2ec6315c-e7c9-4cfe-b77f-59c7d7281c35-0
00:35:17.920 --> 00:35:21.174
We believe that we are part of the land,
whereas others, right,

2ec6315c-e7c9-4cfe-b77f-59c7d7281c35-1
00:35:21.174 --> 00:35:24.480
they own the land and that leads to very
different health funds.

34fff7e7-bd25-4558-83f2-db1800d0091a-0
00:35:24.840 --> 00:35:26.200
Again, trees are just trees.

52c0ffcc-d9ba-468b-b66f-0805dc2ab509-0
00:35:26.200 --> 00:35:27.800
We have a relationship with our world.

01f4b413-c83d-4161-9bf2-2cffd4ab3485-0
00:35:27.880 --> 00:35:32.444
And so and so it's,
it's really taking the seeing how that

01f4b413-c83d-4161-9bf2-2cffd4ab3485-1
00:35:32.444 --> 00:35:36.080
perspective leads to a very different
outcome.

e0c0bf03-1d11-4a4d-a346-0d549fa99191-0
00:35:38.480 --> 00:35:43.219
All right,
One last example is again just the using

e0c0bf03-1d11-4a4d-a346-0d549fa99191-1
00:35:43.219 --> 00:35:49.781
use of resources is sweetgrass,
which is used by many indigenous people

e0c0bf03-1d11-4a4d-a346-0d549fa99191-2
00:35:49.781 --> 00:35:52.880
and ceremonies and create baskets.

5b9af6c4-965b-476d-b415-52c4dbe0db3e-0
00:35:53.320 --> 00:35:56.320
It's the anashinabi is a large area.

264120c9-891c-496c-af0f-aa630259647c-0
00:35:56.600 --> 00:35:59.960
This goes up into Canada with the
Anashinabi people.

ad2790a5-1738-495e-a8ba-898304044f36-0
00:36:01.280 --> 00:36:02.040
It's about sky.

d8e89a8a-0427-4547-91c7-d9970e79197d-0
00:36:02.600 --> 00:36:08.520
Then some of the seeds from sky women and
again used in ceremonies and baskets.

abe2816e-58da-45c2-9fd2-227ceeacea59-0
00:36:10.080 --> 00:36:13.331
The Mohawk people noticed that their
their population,

abe2816e-58da-45c2-9fd2-227ceeacea59-1
00:36:13.331 --> 00:36:16.760
there were populations of sweetgrass that
were declining.

238fc855-1eff-4b7c-b764-6de0e5320f90-0
00:36:16.760 --> 00:36:20.122
However,
the population that were close to their

238fc855-1eff-4b7c-b764-6de0e5320f90-1
00:36:20.122 --> 00:36:25.682
settlement were really healthy and they
thought this seems to reflect one of our

238fc855-1eff-4b7c-b764-6de0e5320f90-2
00:36:25.682 --> 00:36:28.701
sayings,
which is that if you don't use it,

238fc855-1eff-4b7c-b764-6de0e5320f90-3
00:36:28.701 --> 00:36:29.800
it will go away.

4989e853-9536-4bf4-84ae-c75980e2b6e3-0
00:36:30.040 --> 00:36:32.800
If we use it respectfully though,
it will stay and flourish.

2a555a8b-aba6-4477-bc30-9476c48cd965-0
00:36:33.200 --> 00:36:37.552
And Kamira,
who is also an ecologist and decided to

2a555a8b-aba6-4477-bc30-9476c48cd965-1
00:36:37.552 --> 00:36:43.160
study traditional harvesting methods and
see if this was an issue.

b979af47-4c37-411f-b88e-eb809c7eba04-0
00:36:43.240 --> 00:36:51.115
So they looked at the effects of two
harvesting methods and we compared it

b979af47-4c37-411f-b88e-eb809c7eba04-1
00:36:51.115 --> 00:36:52.480
with control.

485dcbe5-4f83-4c2f-af3c-ead6e5584df5-0
00:36:52.960 --> 00:36:55.320
Control where there is no harvesting,
right.

21383347-75b7-46c3-874d-c701bbd486f0-0
00:36:55.320 --> 00:36:59.352
So two different methods,
but in both cases, right,

21383347-75b7-46c3-874d-c701bbd486f0-1
00:36:59.352 --> 00:37:05.480
they never removed more than 50% of the
plants and they looked at the results.

fb2c0bdb-5ea5-4afe-bf8d-62095ba9b53d-0
00:37:06.760 --> 00:37:11.560
So the harvested plots fared much better
than the controls.

aeea1d6c-599d-46e7-926c-ea2a10db21b5-0
00:37:11.560 --> 00:37:15.400
So they had 80% more sheets,
whereas the control plots declined.

15b6a5d2-d669-46df-b9b3-f5d5e6dbe12a-0
00:37:15.400 --> 00:37:19.388
So it's like they were stimulating growth
through their harvesting and they weren't

15b6a5d2-d669-46df-b9b3-f5d5e6dbe12a-1
00:37:19.388 --> 00:37:20.480
over harvesting, right?

f78eba1e-7649-4481-a0f6-d8941346bfae-0
00:37:20.760 --> 00:37:24.918
So they got the sweet grass,
the sweet grass did well and if they

f78eba1e-7649-4481-a0f6-d8941346bfae-1
00:37:24.918 --> 00:37:28.320
weren't there,
the sweet grass was not doing so well.

1e55cbe9-e799-45cf-a9b2-a10de62c211a-0
00:37:29.400 --> 00:37:33.157
So the emphasis is right,
people and traditional methods can have a

1e55cbe9-e799-45cf-a9b2-a10de62c211a-1
00:37:33.157 --> 00:37:34.760
positive effect on Nietzsche.

0afa1da9-155d-440b-bb64-9c2fcba3bc9c-0
00:37:34.760 --> 00:37:40.494
Another example of that and just some
implications of this is that, you know,

0afa1da9-155d-440b-bb64-9c2fcba3bc9c-1
00:37:40.494 --> 00:37:46.302
and we've set up national parks in the
United States which are great resource,

0afa1da9-155d-440b-bb64-9c2fcba3bc9c-2
00:37:46.302 --> 00:37:52.110
but in the process the federal government
has often made it so that Indigenous

0afa1da9-155d-440b-bb64-9c2fcba3bc9c-3
00:37:52.110 --> 00:37:58.360
people do not have access to these lands,
even if they were their traditional lands.

d01a2f07-c2a8-49f0-9fe3-b3c044512244-0
00:37:58.840 --> 00:38:03.869
So Canada National Park used to be part
of the lands of the Wamanaki and they

d01a2f07-c2a8-49f0-9fe3-b3c044512244-1
00:38:03.869 --> 00:38:07.480
used that for resources as well as
getting sweet grass.

49be70a5-f8b1-4f49-a510-ac805f201a9d-0
00:38:09.160 --> 00:38:15.949
And and they an axis is now being
restored, you know, for that to,

49be70a5-f8b1-4f49-a510-ac805f201a9d-1
00:38:15.949 --> 00:38:19.800
to be able to harvest the sweet grass.

ae5a963a-583e-40a8-8af0-a3df5b156dac-0
00:38:19.960 --> 00:38:22.200
So that is great right there.

f52478be-6a41-496e-ac07-41860770cca1-0
00:38:23.360 --> 00:38:30.266
Some it's unfortunate sometimes that it
takes scientific study to show what they

f52478be-6a41-496e-ac07-41860770cca1-1
00:38:30.266 --> 00:38:36.320
show millennia, but at least you know,
they're getting axis all right.

c1191a61-ca11-43f0-a772-4d66501ce7dd-0
00:38:38.680 --> 00:38:41.320
So ways of moving forward, right.

69bbb329-056c-4f7f-81b4-f66e3d79cd0e-0
00:38:41.320 --> 00:38:46.670
So you you see this one this, you know,
indigenous world view by architect

69bbb329-056c-4f7f-81b4-f66e3d79cd0e-1
00:38:46.670 --> 00:38:48.240
concentric world view.

7367d969-5077-414a-ba00-94129ddf3f68-0
00:38:48.680 --> 00:38:54.413
How do we move forward and we live in
society that is more a western focus,

7367d969-5077-414a-ba00-94129ddf3f68-1
00:38:54.413 --> 00:39:00.600
But are there ways that we can bring in
what is being referred to AS2 wide scene.

fb3d6ede-80d3-4044-a2f7-d174f32a1c9c-0
00:39:00.880 --> 00:39:06.360
So bring in kind of the best of of both
and how they might work together.

8f2eb320-8b30-474b-9d48-4c392239347a-0
00:39:08.520 --> 00:39:13.281
One of the metaphors that is used in this
is involved with Three Sisters,

8f2eb320-8b30-474b-9d48-4c392239347a-1
00:39:13.281 --> 00:39:16.176
which is a,
a traditional planting method in

8f2eb320-8b30-474b-9d48-4c392239347a-2
00:39:16.176 --> 00:39:20.487
indigenous cultures where instead of
monocultures, you plant corn,

8f2eb320-8b30-474b-9d48-4c392239347a-3
00:39:20.487 --> 00:39:22.160
beans and squash together.

f615f1e4-02db-438c-a064-6b28a548b237-0
00:39:22.400 --> 00:39:27.301
And they all help each other because the
corn provides a stock for the beans to

f615f1e4-02db-438c-a064-6b28a548b237-1
00:39:27.301 --> 00:39:30.120
grow,
because they like to grow on something.

9c7b77b5-131a-44ae-b75d-cbc6b95cdc86-0
00:39:30.200 --> 00:39:33.066
And the squash provides shade and
moisture,

9c7b77b5-131a-44ae-b75d-cbc6b95cdc86-1
00:39:33.066 --> 00:39:36.520
keeps the moisture in the soil and blocks
out weeds.

6aff1c4d-789c-48e1-8b02-c2db3161d94f-0
00:39:36.920 --> 00:39:39.927
And,
and so all three of these like help each

6aff1c4d-789c-48e1-8b02-c2db3161d94f-1
00:39:39.927 --> 00:39:40.320
other.

c400eabe-c0cc-4f82-a5bd-900a9848a8bf-0
00:39:41.560 --> 00:39:45.106
And the idea is that in this,
the analogy then,

c400eabe-c0cc-4f82-a5bd-900a9848a8bf-1
00:39:45.106 --> 00:39:51.090
or metaphor would be that corn could be
like indigenous knowledge, but it, it's,

c400eabe-c0cc-4f82-a5bd-900a9848a8bf-2
00:39:51.090 --> 00:39:55.448
it provides the stock of morals and
ethics and guidelines,

c400eabe-c0cc-4f82-a5bd-900a9848a8bf-3
00:39:55.448 --> 00:40:01.137
whereas Western science is full of
curiosity and has all these amazing tools

c400eabe-c0cc-4f82-a5bd-900a9848a8bf-4
00:40:01.137 --> 00:40:03.279
to explore the natural world.

097774fa-b19b-490e-8948-55468e1435e8-0
00:40:03.280 --> 00:40:07.520
But we can be guided right in how we do
that and do it ethically.

54b9641c-a57c-4dd9-83f6-432ca485b2d4-0
00:40:08.520 --> 00:40:11.870
And the flash could be, you know,
institutions of support,

54b9641c-a57c-4dd9-83f6-432ca485b2d4-1
00:40:11.870 --> 00:40:13.120
learning and so forth.

4fa0e0fb-05f3-4d8e-afb6-3d96e6627d55-0
00:40:13.120 --> 00:40:19.160
So, and this isn't just hypothetical,
which is exciting.

67332395-b125-41e1-9fa6-a3e7db2e4967-0
00:40:19.200 --> 00:40:24.120
And that UMass Amherst in 2023 got a $30
million grant.

7ac1fe1c-63a6-4c8b-b634-70b63195793a-0
00:40:25.160 --> 00:40:30.510
To create the Center for Braiding,
braiding, braiding,

7ac1fe1c-63a6-4c8b-b634-70b63195793a-1
00:40:30.510 --> 00:40:33.720
Indigenous knowledge and science.

619d649b-6b59-4be9-ba83-14ee8a4d25ac-0
00:40:33.720 --> 00:40:33.880
So.

1d09f835-0e0a-45a2-8e59-b0657daefa49-0
00:40:34.120 --> 00:40:36.000
And it's not just at UMass.

236f81aa-059b-44df-88a0-302205737024-0
00:40:36.040 --> 00:40:40.276
So they have hubs throughout the United
States as well as in other places around

236f81aa-059b-44df-88a0-302205737024-1
00:40:40.276 --> 00:40:40.800
the world.

f928ac82-bcec-4145-bf83-eda25894247d-0
00:40:41.240 --> 00:40:46.720
And I did check in with them before this
talk.

9a3b66d0-cdc1-48b4-a1c9-65ebbdcabf93-0
00:40:46.720 --> 00:40:48.840
And I was like,
how's it going for funding?

454a62cd-554a-4e8f-880b-bc39c458b6e3-0
00:40:49.160 --> 00:40:50.640
And they said, we are still funded.

d8d711f1-a7ca-47de-a97e-4a4f13452f0c-0
00:40:50.640 --> 00:40:54.720
So, yeah, that's really good news.

1b62676c-1654-487e-a41c-ec49ddced68a-0
00:40:56.440 --> 00:41:00.498
And with all of this, you know, we know,
OK,

1b62676c-1654-487e-a41c-ec49ddced68a-1
00:41:00.498 --> 00:41:06.360
this is this is just a statistic that I
show also in my classes.

32242221-232f-4d35-9364-0e2c75b27ac0-0
00:41:06.360 --> 00:41:10.780
But Indigenous people, unfortunately,
you know,

32242221-232f-4d35-9364-0e2c75b27ac0-1
00:41:10.780 --> 00:41:18.517
their numbers have have gotten smaller as
through colonization and yet they persist

32242221-232f-4d35-9364-0e2c75b27ac0-2
00:41:18.517 --> 00:41:24.320
like they have for long periods of time,
incredibly resilient.

4bbc84e7-cc59-440e-b377-04ef9decd046-0
00:41:24.400 --> 00:41:30.691
And, and despite their smaller numbers,
right, 80% of the world's biodiversity is,

4bbc84e7-cc59-440e-b377-04ef9decd046-1
00:41:30.691 --> 00:41:33.800
is safeguarded by Indigenous communities.

67f3b1f0-5e9a-4ad7-b359-b5192acbb619-0
00:41:34.680 --> 00:41:36.355
I mean,
that tells us they're doing something

67f3b1f0-5e9a-4ad7-b359-b5192acbb619-1
00:41:36.355 --> 00:41:36.720
different.

ff6d4ee0-6e85-4521-8ec0-f16f6ae7029b-0
00:41:36.720 --> 00:41:40.583
Like if nothing else is said that right,
like history tells us they've done

ff6d4ee0-6e85-4521-8ec0-f16f6ae7029b-1
00:41:40.583 --> 00:41:41.600
something different.

4c258e9a-83a7-4bf8-a491-8207be6fcb9a-0
00:41:41.600 --> 00:41:43.080
This tells us they've done something
different.

d9d707c0-028b-4d3c-943d-2b51a547cde5-0
00:41:43.080 --> 00:41:50.016
All these examples like there is a lot
for us to learn here and just end with

d9d707c0-028b-4d3c-943d-2b51a547cde5-1
00:41:50.016 --> 00:41:57.042
this idea of the 7th fire prophecy which
is also highlighting the main message

d9d707c0-028b-4d3c-943d-2b51a547cde5-2
00:41:57.042 --> 00:42:00.600
that humanity has a choice for a legacy.

a1faf1f6-9847-4e43-877c-b0cac00390dc-0
00:42:00.600 --> 00:42:04.684
So in,
in the Potawatomi as well as the

a1faf1f6-9847-4e43-877c-b0cac00390dc-1
00:42:04.684 --> 00:42:09.279
Anishinabe peoples, the Potawatomi are,
are,

a1faf1f6-9847-4e43-877c-b0cac00390dc-2
00:42:09.279 --> 00:42:13.160
are part of a smaller group within it.

677a8e67-e8c4-4f62-a42b-c50e8f18b369-0
00:42:14.160 --> 00:42:17.680
There have been what they call different
fire prophecies.

f0f5b559-d074-4416-9d03-2f44a1f8adf9-0
00:42:17.680 --> 00:42:21.372
And these have been prophecies of things
that have happened and they've happened

f0f5b559-d074-4416-9d03-2f44a1f8adf9-1
00:42:21.372 --> 00:42:23.880
and they're,
they end up being kind of errors of time.

9b6a7104-9dcb-48ef-a3af-765aa71e8f04-0
00:42:23.880 --> 00:42:26.800
Like so you know, the eternal island,
which is when they started.

f973cde5-e46b-450e-a7d0-31277b183490-0
00:42:27.160 --> 00:42:30.400
But there have been many different fire
prophecies.

e4183068-e504-434e-9702-dd8cb6365b5a-0
00:42:30.400 --> 00:42:35.600
And like the the 4th fire prophecy was
the prophecy which is this is a mural

e4183068-e504-434e-9702-dd8cb6365b5a-1
00:42:35.600 --> 00:42:39.720
where they gave an animal for the
different fire prophecies.

9256fe55-c770-4b05-9ae3-99bec95c1ec0-0
00:42:40.680 --> 00:42:48.329
The 4th part of prophecy was that a light
skinned people would be coming and it was

9256fe55-c770-4b05-9ae3-99bec95c1ec0-1
00:42:48.329 --> 00:42:54.612
unclear if that was going to lead to a
more flourishing of ideas and

9256fe55-c770-4b05-9ae3-99bec95c1ec0-2
00:42:54.612 --> 00:43:00.440
collaboration or deception and,
and disease and and misfortune.

3eb48336-8615-4c8f-8617-09a74012ee92-0
00:43:01.520 --> 00:43:06.120
We all know what happened at that time,
right?

3a1d8b13-0159-42ff-95dd-b8fc283c89d9-0
00:43:06.120 --> 00:43:08.794
And then you have the bear and the
muskrat in this,

3a1d8b13-0159-42ff-95dd-b8fc283c89d9-1
00:43:08.794 --> 00:43:10.800
these were times of really hard, right?

b5587ae2-3358-420b-8603-ba311409da6b-0
00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:13.996
The bear is, is,
is the sign of the clan of the family,

b5587ae2-3358-420b-8603-ba311409da6b-1
00:43:13.996 --> 00:43:15.880
like staying together to survive.

35a8ca7c-200a-4470-8609-c066f37084f9-0
00:43:16.200 --> 00:43:19.160
The muskrat we know is the symbol of
sacrifice.

7a493be1-e749-4445-857d-78b25e9b0f49-0
00:43:19.160 --> 00:43:22.600
And this is the time when children are
being taken away from their families.

22003caa-6cde-4b71-b88d-04498e0b730f-0
00:43:23.960 --> 00:43:27.624
And,
and now we're in the 7th fire and they

22003caa-6cde-4b71-b88d-04498e0b730f-1
00:43:27.624 --> 00:43:31.040
chose an eagle to represent the 7th fire.

9a80ec7e-4ae6-46e8-970f-231491c26f87-0
00:43:31.040 --> 00:43:32.560
An eagle is a symbol of hope.

561bda21-c38c-4797-ac81-7b4bf2fb8bab-0
00:43:33.000 --> 00:43:37.832
And the idea of the privacy of the 7th
fire is that there will come a time where

561bda21-c38c-4797-ac81-7b4bf2fb8bab-1
00:43:37.832 --> 00:43:39.920
ancient wisdom will be revitalized.

91c48a42-7d74-4894-a6dc-8eca34372ef9-0
00:43:39.920 --> 00:43:41.960
People will go back to learning their
language.

c1c691d7-b1ea-462c-be26-5c497aa805c5-0
00:43:42.880 --> 00:43:46.360
People will start getting an interest in
ancient wisdom.

9024065b-7353-4a0d-9db0-ae89692336ac-0
00:43:46.760 --> 00:43:49.240
And at that time, people have a choice,
right?

4e68ad21-3c73-4ccb-8cce-44e9cc7957a5-0
00:43:49.920 --> 00:43:54.840
Like to go back and learn from this
wisdom and find a, a new way forward.

d8ccb43f-e43b-4199-9bbc-1bcf7e487359-0
00:43:55.800 --> 00:43:58.320
And if not like you know where that goes.

7917b0a6-619d-4f2d-b44c-fd3465a84213-0
00:43:58.320 --> 00:44:03.337
But this is that's the 7th fire proxy
that we are in that area where era where

7917b0a6-619d-4f2d-b44c-fd3465a84213-1
00:44:03.337 --> 00:44:06.640
we can choose this pathway and this
revitalization.

163b3cf3-933f-4e58-884b-07f567eb43b1-0
00:44:06.640 --> 00:44:08.160
And honestly, we are seeing it.

f3339e2a-d264-45bd-acdf-b67d425c7f38-0
00:44:08.280 --> 00:44:11.516
I mean,
the outside world may tell you one thing,

f3339e2a-d264-45bd-acdf-b67d425c7f38-1
00:44:11.516 --> 00:44:15.464
but if you look closely like this is
happening and the cool,

f3339e2a-d264-45bd-acdf-b67d425c7f38-2
00:44:15.464 --> 00:44:18.959
the other cool thing is that there is an
eighth fire.

cfcc0913-cfb6-42af-82bf-b63be23728fc-0
00:44:20.160 --> 00:44:24.160
And if we get there,
the 8th fire is the Rainbow tribe.

0f6a5f3f-db33-435f-97fc-61e6579e0b44-0
00:44:24.160 --> 00:44:25.640
It is a time of peace.

ff0a715a-1185-4c49-ac6d-a6f3fb7764a2-0
00:44:25.680 --> 00:44:26.920
It is a time of unity.

486b6f22-65d5-43cf-8795-2e7e98ef04d3-0
00:44:27.200 --> 00:44:30.040
And we have to go through the 7th fire to
get there.

b9c320cb-67e2-475e-af11-47be971e80ce-0
00:44:30.360 --> 00:44:34.840
So I hope this gives me a sense of hope.

2feac4fe-5312-472d-bad7-7e66d0a4673a-0
00:44:34.840 --> 00:44:36.280
I hope it gives you a sense of hope.

19bc42a8-76c7-4c98-add4-c52b497a8cb5-0
00:44:36.280 --> 00:44:38.880
Like we really, we can do this.

9408c54c-babb-4333-9d0e-2ae9fddd101f-0
00:44:38.880 --> 00:44:40.200
Like we can come together.

d680dc78-5687-4b3d-8564-2690bfb89521-0
00:44:40.200 --> 00:44:44.168
We can,
we can learn from ancient wisdom and work

d680dc78-5687-4b3d-8564-2690bfb89521-1
00:44:44.168 --> 00:44:50.120
together and find pathways forward and
create the future that we all want.

478a3b10-6340-4e92-8ce4-614b0658fd89-0
00:44:50.400 --> 00:44:53.721
So with that,
I will thank you and offer tremendous

478a3b10-6340-4e92-8ce4-614b0658fd89-1
00:44:53.721 --> 00:44:58.767
gratitude to the Indigenous people who
have offered their wisdom and shared it

478a3b10-6340-4e92-8ce4-614b0658fd89-2
00:44:58.767 --> 00:45:02.600
with colonial or, you know,
settler people like yourselves.

180ad2dd-dac5-45f8-b598-8df125de7cfc-0
00:45:03.000 --> 00:45:04.560
And thank you very much for coming.

338ddf57-8667-496e-a75a-a6407db9c9d5-0
00:45:10.800 --> 00:45:10.960
Hello.

088d8609-fb66-4802-b879-1010f4f84dc7-0
00:45:10.960 --> 00:45:11.920
Thanks so much for Utah.

c95f499f-5742-43ed-8ff3-9687d9a3a771-0
00:45:11.920 --> 00:45:19.920
I was wondering how how we can all as
individuals do something to help.

72b5e6c3-9c25-4e40-946f-a57e5e774c89-0
00:45:21.480 --> 00:45:23.040
Yeah, that's a great question.

0fef599a-e948-45b9-8024-250b37ebd4bb-0
00:45:23.760 --> 00:45:31.280
I think we underestimate what we can do
as individuals and I do.

11136033-37f7-4011-b6e5-765dcaa60a76-0
00:45:31.960 --> 00:45:37.855
I honestly feel like living more heart
centered and caring about the world

11136033-37f7-4011-b6e5-765dcaa60a76-1
00:45:37.855 --> 00:45:38.720
around you.

a8acf7c2-5fe3-4b79-a8c6-78a2d7f5e328-0
00:45:39.240 --> 00:45:43.360
That includes your family,
but and it includes the more than the

a8acf7c2-5fe3-4b79-a8c6-78a2d7f5e328-1
00:45:43.360 --> 00:45:48.622
human world and it doesn't take a lot to
make a difference and noticing the beauty

a8acf7c2-5fe3-4b79-a8c6-78a2d7f5e328-2
00:45:48.622 --> 00:45:49.320
around you.

8de4e308-ab46-4ec0-8726-a14ab455dd38-0
00:45:49.480 --> 00:45:56.024
And it may seem little,
but these are it spreads and also

8de4e308-ab46-4ec0-8726-a14ab455dd38-1
00:45:56.024 --> 00:45:57.040
learning.

4cd2ac87-6a48-4d08-8187-f2ea6f97c178-0
00:45:57.240 --> 00:46:03.024
I think we can all do more to learn about
the Indigenous people who who lived and

4cd2ac87-6a48-4d08-8187-f2ea6f97c178-1
00:46:03.024 --> 00:46:07.680
and continue to live in areas where
settler communities live now.

937f1cad-b09d-4040-8277-39e8b9f11e75-0
00:46:08.080 --> 00:46:11.365
And you know,
they have a lot to teach us what they're

937f1cad-b09d-4040-8277-39e8b9f11e75-1
00:46:11.365 --> 00:46:12.560
willing to teach us.

0a4e5c76-cd8b-48e3-9f3f-739e6f274c90-0
00:46:13.400 --> 00:46:17.468
You know, I in the Newbury Court,
they've been having an Indigenous people

0a4e5c76-cd8b-48e3-9f3f-739e6f274c90-1
00:46:17.468 --> 00:46:18.120
celebration.

c7272776-26cf-47d7-9ecc-5a2b9b616bdb-0
00:46:18.120 --> 00:46:26.247
I went two years ago and I was honestly
almost brought to tears by the the

c7272776-26cf-47d7-9ecc-5a2b9b616bdb-1
00:46:26.247 --> 00:46:27.440
generosity.

3fe3c9ba-38d4-4f4f-b4a5-413bb7fea0ed-0
00:46:27.680 --> 00:46:32.589
We there were people that came from Maine,
indigenous people that came from Maine to

3fe3c9ba-38d4-4f4f-b4a5-413bb7fea0ed-1
00:46:32.589 --> 00:46:37.210
share their culture with predominantly
settlers like white settlers like myself

3fe3c9ba-38d4-4f4f-b4a5-413bb7fea0ed-2
00:46:37.210 --> 00:46:40.560
and and other, you know,
people of the settler community.

55f3b897-d0c8-46d8-8066-6dff63f40ee1-0
00:46:40.560 --> 00:46:44.218
And it was, it's just so generous,
you know, and,

55f3b897-d0c8-46d8-8066-6dff63f40ee1-1
00:46:44.218 --> 00:46:49.924
and let's make use of that opportunity
and really value what they are sharing

55f3b897-d0c8-46d8-8066-6dff63f40ee1-2
00:46:49.924 --> 00:46:54.680
their the resilience that these people
have shown is tremendous.

90765eab-b19a-4d81-a91d-97a6e3c71977-0
00:46:54.760 --> 00:46:57.287
And,
and they come with open hearts despite

90765eab-b19a-4d81-a91d-97a6e3c71977-1
00:46:57.287 --> 00:46:59.240
everything they have gone through.

6881120c-cc63-4d1c-b9e1-0c6b3b97d0db-0
00:46:59.400 --> 00:47:03.800
So thank you, wonderful talk.

ed03049d-30ae-40fa-ac5c-188542ff4a44-0
00:47:03.800 --> 00:47:04.720
Thank you so much.

8b6a857c-e9f4-49a7-9019-5ef1e29a07fc-0
00:47:05.760 --> 00:47:08.280
I recently read a book When it All Burns.

15fdf7df-f623-4020-b65c-b64e61f4d555-0
00:47:08.560 --> 00:47:15.320
It was written by a man who had gone into
the Forest Service as a fire fire jumper.

142d6c51-ffda-4e1f-b1ab-2c8d9f2e84ff-0
00:47:16.040 --> 00:47:19.040
And so they were fighting all of these
horrific fires.

d689b44d-742e-4ce5-8c82-835e3f724eb0-0
00:47:19.480 --> 00:47:24.414
And he has come to the realization that
we need to learn from Indigenous people

d689b44d-742e-4ce5-8c82-835e3f724eb0-1
00:47:24.414 --> 00:47:27.560
on how to use fire to prevent all of
these things.

efea5d1f-675b-489f-b213-36e4fa2f33b1-0
00:47:27.840 --> 00:47:32.600
It's horrible conflagrations because fire
can be beneficial.

0bd70596-29af-4f3b-b881-9afe7d6a00ea-0
00:47:32.800 --> 00:47:36.360
And you were pointing it out with the the
stewardship of the forest.

571ef52f-6a8c-40a8-a858-0f647316fc7d-0
00:47:36.440 --> 00:47:36.800
Yeah.

5789a8db-fd5b-4dd4-9a1e-7a07bd20e41f-0
00:47:37.080 --> 00:47:37.560
Excellent.

32c47cf3-956c-42ca-8572-053e5e64d279-0
00:47:38.200 --> 00:47:39.280
That's that's a great point.

c4f32da5-6423-4eed-8e48-d4e711e2d880-0
00:47:39.600 --> 00:47:39.880
Yeah.

eb96ba7e-e721-454a-913b-cef5020f31fc-0
00:47:40.000 --> 00:47:42.200
There's so much we have to learn.

6a67ace9-7cb7-4350-8f97-9b8cf9bc5fb9-0
00:47:47.320 --> 00:47:49.520
It was a great talk,
I really appreciated it.

0008a9c9-a1ec-4dae-bdd4-32342fe38205-0
00:47:50.400 --> 00:47:54.280
What role do you think Indigenous people
should play in research?

ebe811a8-e5b0-4e07-9d66-e6348977c3b3-0
00:47:54.280 --> 00:47:57.842
I know a lot of people travel and
attempts to like get pH,

ebe811a8-e5b0-4e07-9d66-e6348977c3b3-1
00:47:57.842 --> 00:48:02.250
DS and doing research and often they're
going into local communities and

ebe811a8-e5b0-4e07-9d66-e6348977c3b3-2
00:48:02.250 --> 00:48:03.760
indigenous peoples areas.

690671e8-6edf-441e-84fb-30c36f2d0aab-0
00:48:04.880 --> 00:48:07.560
Should they leave and respect their land?

a31e6234-036f-4a3e-a583-2e46ff131125-0
00:48:07.560 --> 00:48:10.040
Should they cite them as references?

85fbf1b4-962f-47aa-9e44-9c82054ec17e-0
00:48:10.200 --> 00:48:12.920
What do you think the role is for them in
our research?

997befeb-7156-4c80-989a-710617c2bea8-0
00:48:14.200 --> 00:48:16.560
I think it should be a collaboration
definitely.

880f8f58-61b3-42d0-8b40-164932bec6f7-0
00:48:16.560 --> 00:48:21.360
And it should always be a choice like
their choice, right?

178f9e22-066e-453d-8aec-d1db028453c5-0
00:48:23.160 --> 00:48:27.563
You know, again,
there is we bought this like you don't

178f9e22-066e-453d-8aec-d1db028453c5-1
00:48:27.563 --> 00:48:30.080
want a preparation of knowledge.

e8496afc-1ecc-4dcc-869f-ec27890ec3c7-0
00:48:30.480 --> 00:48:34.472
So if the thing when you mask,
it's all kind of centered around climate

e8496afc-1ecc-4dcc-869f-ec27890ec3c7-1
00:48:34.472 --> 00:48:39.019
resilience and how can we bring Western
science and Indigenous knowledge together

e8496afc-1ecc-4dcc-869f-ec27890ec3c7-2
00:48:39.019 --> 00:48:43.288
for in climate resilience and anybody
that's participating are both on board

e8496afc-1ecc-4dcc-869f-ec27890ec3c7-3
00:48:43.288 --> 00:48:46.560
and all will be acknowledged and that is
hugely important.

c72c608d-9e1c-42d7-b761-20f8bd13c68e-0
00:48:46.560 --> 00:48:48.000
So I think yeah.

f0056039-4b51-4ca0-ae17-aa04cbe7a5cf-0
00:48:48.600 --> 00:48:53.075
And the other thing like the in the
Acadia National Park,

f0056039-4b51-4ca0-ae17-aa04cbe7a5cf-1
00:48:53.075 --> 00:48:59.093
Indigenous peoples were were invited to
be on kind of the management level of

f0056039-4b51-4ca0-ae17-aa04cbe7a5cf-2
00:48:59.093 --> 00:49:05.265
what we're going to how we're going to
manage the park and their voices need to

f0056039-4b51-4ca0-ae17-aa04cbe7a5cf-3
00:49:05.265 --> 00:49:05.959
be heard.

dd98df54-4e6e-4bc4-b20f-016bdd3b073f-0
00:49:05.960 --> 00:49:11.873
And that was happening under a different
administration and but we need more of

dd98df54-4e6e-4bc4-b20f-016bdd3b073f-1
00:49:11.873 --> 00:49:12.760
that, right?

2458f745-d33a-4766-92e2-d163db507085-0
00:49:12.880 --> 00:49:15.400
And,
and we're one country in this whole world.

b79c752d-7c1b-4e7a-aa00-e12c6bab0a66-0
00:49:15.480 --> 00:49:18.609
So, yeah,
we need more to be truly collaborative

b79c752d-7c1b-4e7a-aa00-e12c6bab0a66-1
00:49:18.609 --> 00:49:22.760
and to really their information is
tremendously valuable, right?

d1c7ec0f-f441-4960-a802-3186c3d0c2d7-0
00:49:22.880 --> 00:49:28.473
We again come from like Western science
being the pinnacle, but it's, you know,

d1c7ec0f-f441-4960-a802-3186c3d0c2d7-1
00:49:28.473 --> 00:49:30.920
we have to come at equal as equals.

b931ecc2-0507-4e45-b505-2cb2fec5a5cd-0
00:49:30.920 --> 00:49:31.120
Yeah.

2decc4b9-0dcc-4621-ad6d-1ba23757ea1b-0
00:49:31.360 --> 00:49:31.680
Thank you.

31a791ee-bba7-454c-917c-b08878d05afa-0
00:49:34.120 --> 00:49:34.640
Hello.

ef641173-27f9-4fe6-8e5d-9c2f3b7aa4c3-0
00:49:34.640 --> 00:49:37.040
And thank you so much for your talk.

1216be51-3e6b-446b-ba83-023c1112e3a6-0
00:49:37.040 --> 00:49:40.510
I,
I really enjoyed it In my previous career,

1216be51-3e6b-446b-ba83-023c1112e3a6-1
00:49:40.510 --> 00:49:45.640
I studied the social and political
implications of behavior change.

2d1e981a-5cc8-4887-869f-fdeafd578a09-0
00:49:46.200 --> 00:49:49.812
And my,
I was curious about what what you thought

2d1e981a-5cc8-4887-869f-fdeafd578a09-1
00:49:49.812 --> 00:49:54.726
of the scientists role in in that,
because it turns out it's really

2d1e981a-5cc8-4887-869f-fdeafd578a09-2
00:49:54.726 --> 00:49:59.640
politically for me to tell people to
behave, change their behavior.

76a15d98-ee06-4f61-a8f9-61811b68645f-0
00:50:00.560 --> 00:50:05.847
And what we eat turns out to be the
biggest factor in altered biogeochemical

76a15d98-ee06-4f61-a8f9-61811b68645f-1
00:50:05.847 --> 00:50:11.685
cycles and land use to change our burgers,
our meat is the number one driver of land

76a15d98-ee06-4f61-a8f9-61811b68645f-2
00:50:11.685 --> 00:50:11.960
use.

37ead63d-2196-45bf-9f9f-165c02c6ed54-0
00:50:12.360 --> 00:50:16.297
I love that field,
partly because I was so disheartened by

37ead63d-2196-45bf-9f9f-165c02c6ed54-1
00:50:16.297 --> 00:50:21.502
my research and what it showed about kind
of the implications of people going

37ead63d-2196-45bf-9f9f-165c02c6ed54-2
00:50:21.502 --> 00:50:25.240
around informing other people of those of
those things.

2e3dc60b-4103-483f-a58e-7522e4f73912-0
00:50:25.800 --> 00:50:29.235
So yeah,
I'm curious what what you think the

2e3dc60b-4103-483f-a58e-7522e4f73912-1
00:50:29.235 --> 00:50:33.968
scientists role is,
what you think behavior change could look

2e3dc60b-4103-483f-a58e-7522e4f73912-2
00:50:33.968 --> 00:50:36.640
like for society if it's necessary.

557f6252-0e78-4bc8-9363-7e05dfe5e72d-0
00:50:37.360 --> 00:50:38.760
But yeah, thank you.

87725408-7382-42c9-8183-216a0d87facb-0
00:50:39.560 --> 00:50:42.800
I mean, I mean, science provides data.

b4a8f440-ed25-4d4b-971f-e794500fb12f-0
00:50:44.960 --> 00:50:46.680
It doesn't always change hearts.

cdf64d01-a9c2-4f39-af52-9e879c11cb51-0
00:50:47.920 --> 00:50:52.355
So I really,
I do like we have a lot of data and it's,

cdf64d01-a9c2-4f39-af52-9e879c11cb51-1
00:50:52.355 --> 00:50:57.840
it's the change of heart that we need and
that happens organically.

6f61fa98-19ae-4243-9dd1-5411a5ef3feb-0
00:50:57.840 --> 00:50:59.960
And I do think stories are, are great.

9ce5487b-23c5-42b8-b225-a5939a6c086a-0
00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:03.647
I mean, I, you know,
Jane Goodall was someone I really loved

9ce5487b-23c5-42b8-b225-a5939a6c086a-1
00:51:03.647 --> 00:51:07.414
and but since she passed,
I've been reading more of her stuff,

9ce5487b-23c5-42b8-b225-a5939a6c086a-2
00:51:07.414 --> 00:51:11.720
which I'm sure a lot of people have,
but she uses stories all the time.

bf11b9da-876b-4097-9116-05dd1305bdc4-0
00:51:11.840 --> 00:51:16.024
Like I've and she and then some of the
stories she tells of how she she she

bf11b9da-876b-4097-9116-05dd1305bdc4-1
00:51:16.024 --> 00:51:20.208
could have conversations with people who
were dead 180 from her about like,

bf11b9da-876b-4097-9116-05dd1305bdc4-2
00:51:20.208 --> 00:51:22.686
you know,
we're going to use chimpanzees and

bf11b9da-876b-4097-9116-05dd1305bdc4-3
00:51:22.686 --> 00:51:25.880
research and she will just have a
conversation with them.

d40559c9-b969-4415-a75c-25a3ba42c671-0
00:51:25.880 --> 00:51:31.252
But she comes with it comes to them from
not a point that you're wrong and I'm

d40559c9-b969-4415-a75c-25a3ba42c671-1
00:51:31.252 --> 00:51:34.040
right,
but like getting them to see that

d40559c9-b969-4415-a75c-25a3ba42c671-2
00:51:34.040 --> 00:51:37.916
chimpanzees are are organisms that feel
that are social,

d40559c9-b969-4415-a75c-25a3ba42c671-3
00:51:37.916 --> 00:51:40.160
that feel pain that like anyways.

e5102e59-481b-4d99-9cba-6b8dfb9bef9c-0
00:51:40.160 --> 00:51:44.604
And they would be like, Oh my God,
we're we're changing this, you know,

e5102e59-481b-4d99-9cba-6b8dfb9bef9c-1
00:51:44.604 --> 00:51:48.000
So I think it's it's building
relationships, honestly.

2b910b32-aa3a-422a-9606-9d8c44f097b7-0
00:51:48.080 --> 00:51:52.360
And in science, you know,
we can have the data is still important,

2b910b32-aa3a-422a-9606-9d8c44f097b7-1
00:51:52.360 --> 00:51:57.280
but let's work on our relationships and
creating those connections, I think.

ab2fd050-3116-4763-9b39-448bc2349d92-0
00:51:57.280 --> 00:51:59.800
And it it'll happen kind of on the
grounds up for me.

363813d1-4aa1-4673-acbf-93cc464b1ed4-0
00:52:00.360 --> 00:52:00.560
Yeah.