WEBVTT

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So we're honored to welcome Leanne Henyon
to the 47th Annual Darwin Festival at

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Salem, Salem State University.

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Leanne writes about the importance of
experiencing nature and the awe and

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wonder that it can instill in us.

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Her works include books the books
Phenomenal, A Hesitant Adventure,

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Search for Wonder in the Natural World,
and Night Magic Adventures among Glow

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Worms, Moon Gardens,
and Other Marvels of the Dark.

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Her writing has appeared in the
Washington Post, Smithsonian, Backpacker,

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and National Geographic, among others.

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She's a winner of a Lowell Thomas Award,
which recognizes excellence in travel

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journalism,
and her work has been supported by and

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Alicia Patterson Fellowship and the
Alfred P Sloan Foundation.

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Leanne's Darwin Festival talk is
sponsored by the SSU Biology Department,

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the College of Arts and Sciences,
and the Charles Albert Reed Trust,

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an award from the City of Salem with a
long standing tradition of supporting the

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Darwin Festival.

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Leanne's talk today is about appreciating
the magic of natural night,

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and I'll turn it over to Leanne.

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Hi, thanks so much for having me today.

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I'm excited to be part of this event.

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So my Buck night magic was actually
inspired by a story that I wrote for The

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Washington Post Magazine about
synchronous fireflies.

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So before I started this process,
before I wrote that story,

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I didn't realize that there were hundreds
of species of fireflies.

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I just thought fireflies, you know,
or fireflies.

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But as it turns out,
fireflies are incredibly diverse and

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synchronous.

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Fireflies are one of the most famous
species of fireflies because in Great

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Smoky Mountains National Park there is an
event held there annually to see these

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fireflies.

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10s of thousands of people actually
applied to go and see these fireflies

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because as their name indicates,
they they are synchronous blinkers.

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So before I got this assignment,
I thought that that meant these fireflies

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were like on, off, on, off.

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But what actually happens is when you
have a population of synchronous

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fireflies in a forest,
you'll see a little bit of a twinkling,

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a little twinkling,
and then all of a sudden you'll see a

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whoosh of lights go across the forest
floor,

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and then it'll whoosh in the other
direction.

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It's fantastic.

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It's like a living version of the
Northern Lights on the forest floor.

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So that was fantastic.

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And I was incredibly moved by witnessing
this phenomena.

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But one of the things that was really
surprising for me was in order to see

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these fireflies,
I did attend the event in Great Smoky

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Mountains National Park.

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And I was, you know,
out there with groups of hundreds of

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people.

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And we were kind of shuffling around and,
like,

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trying not to bump into each other
because in order to see these fireflies,

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you can't have a flashlight.

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You can't look at your phone.

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You have to have complete darkness.

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And I realized that I had not ever really
spent time in the dark like that.

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So I found it to be really restorative.

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You know,
I spend so much of my time on computer,

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on phone, on tablets,
just exposed to so much artificial lights.

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You know, at, at midnight,
my living room was at that time like,

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you know,
it's like high noon with the lights on.

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And so I realized that I just had not
ever spent time in the dark,

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really waking time in the dark because,
you know, in the electrified world,

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we think lights off go to sleep,
lights on wake up.

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But in nature,
there's an easing Into Darkness and an

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easing into light.

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And so I really appreciated that
experience.

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And I learned from Fireflies about how
harmful artificial light can be for every

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cycle.

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Every part of their life cycle can be
disrupted by exposure to artificial light.

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And spoiler alert,
artificial light is harmful for pretty

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much every life form on earth.

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So after this article ran,
it was the article.

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It was a story of my experience.

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I had people from all over the country
started emailing me.

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Like people took time to figure out how
to contact me.

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And they would say, you know,
love that Firefly story.

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And it inspired me to turn off my porch
lights more often.

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And that's the part that I found really
shocking because it's really hard to

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change a habit.

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It's really hard to inspire a direct
action.

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But I'd written a story that inspired
people to start turning off, you know,

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going to the switch and turn it off more
often.

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And I don't think they did it because I
told them that light pollution is bad for

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wildlife, which it is,
or because it's bad for humans,

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which it is,
contributing to rates of cancer,

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mood disorders, the list goes on.

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I think that they reached out to me
because they got curious about what might

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be in their own yard after dark.

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And so in in that spirit,
I started thinking,

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if I learned this much from fireplace,
what can I learn from spending time with

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owls and salamanders and bats and all of
these other creatures that depend on

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natural darkness?

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So the book really is my personal journey
to appreciate natural darkness in an age

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of increasing artificial light.

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And after my time with the fireflies,
I thought, OK,

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what species might be good to look into
next?

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And I decided that I was going to find a
way to observe the spotted salamander

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migration.

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So every year, every spring,
salamanders make their way from their

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homes underground,
where they spend their entire lives,

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where we really don't know much about
what they do underground.

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But every year for just a couple of weeks
at night,

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they come out and they make their way to
ephemeral pools.

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So they're also known as vernal pools,
but I just like ephemeral.

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So they're ephemeral pools because most
of the time they do not exist.

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So only in spring with snow melt and
spring rains are these pools formed.

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There's like always the indention there,
but the water fills.

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And so these are pools where fish have
not been able to establish populations.

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So they're really safe places for all
these other species to come and procreate,

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including spotted salamanders and spring
peepers and wood frogs and all of the,

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the things that at night, you know,
you hear the, the, the night noises of,

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of spring,
A lot of those noises are coming from

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ephemeral pools.

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So a tiny ephemeral pool can have more
life concentrated there than in acres of

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surrounding area because because of this
springtime phenomena.

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So I was able to find an ephemeral pool
really close to my house.

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And so ephemeral pools can be found all
over the country, all over the world.

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I actually looked,
looked in in Massachusetts,

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Mass Audubon actually has a program where
people can can apply to have a ephemeral

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pool officially recognized.

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Because here's the thing,
we really don't know a lot about where

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these pools are.

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They're, you know, like in,
in areas of the neighborhood where people

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don't usually go or, you know,
up a low lying area of a park where

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nobody's really paid attention at night
or really, you know,

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focused on finding things there.

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So I love this idea that you really can
be an explorer and discover a new world

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without traveling too far at all.

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If you're at all interested in a mini
quest to help,

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to help document and therefore
potentially hopefully help preserve

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ephemeral pools,
I encourage you to look up Mass Audubon

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Vernal Pool program.

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And you could become an explorer kind of
close to home.

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But so spotted salamanders in particular
go there to lay their eggs.

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00:08:55.440 --> 00:09:00.171
And one of the interesting things that's
in this beautiful photograph by Steven

030e43ef-05f0-4533-a36b-68bba0640b2c-1
00:09:00.171 --> 00:09:01.000
David Johnson.

65865240-f1b0-495f-a99e-a402091620fa-0
00:09:01.560 --> 00:09:06.535
So one of the things that that happens is
algae blooms in these eggs at a certain

65865240-f1b0-495f-a99e-a402091620fa-1
00:09:06.535 --> 00:09:08.720
point in a salamander's development.

65d98f4f-66b6-4097-aa8e-b75bc0bcbecb-0
00:09:08.720 --> 00:09:11.800
So that's a the people scientists have
known about this for a while.

e0e9264a-e42d-4474-b09d-84f6586b5941-0
00:09:11.800 --> 00:09:15.991
But what scientists really recently
learned is that not only do these

e0e9264a-e42d-4474-b09d-84f6586b5941-1
00:09:15.991 --> 00:09:20.661
salamanders have algae in their eggs,
spotted salamanders actually have algae

e0e9264a-e42d-4474-b09d-84f6586b5941-2
00:09:20.661 --> 00:09:21.559
in their cells.

fec109a4-3b66-4158-854f-ae1ec1fb98fc-0
00:09:21.840 --> 00:09:27.668
These creatures that almost live their
entire lives in darkness are known to

fec109a4-3b66-4158-854f-ae1ec1fb98fc-1
00:09:27.668 --> 00:09:28.880
photosynthesize.

811484c6-0dc7-4a72-ac15-9e48d13b43ab-0
00:09:29.480 --> 00:09:34.720
So it's a really amazing thing that's
just been discovered.

fd4eeb1f-1638-437b-89c8-77466771cc04-0
00:09:34.720 --> 00:09:38.826
And it sort of brings up, you know,
if we didn't know this about spotted

fd4eeb1f-1638-437b-89c8-77466771cc04-1
00:09:38.826 --> 00:09:41.640
salinanders for so long,
what else don't we know?

84688c7c-8e59-4e43-b291-8f8735d0490e-0
00:09:42.040 --> 00:09:45.120
Which is always exciting,
that concept of discovery.

6add563d-e35f-4e09-8ab9-072bb8d5ae9a-0
00:09:46.440 --> 00:09:50.313
So in looking Into Darkness and how to
appreciate darkness,

6add563d-e35f-4e09-8ab9-072bb8d5ae9a-1
00:09:50.313 --> 00:09:53.800
I would have been remiss if I hadn't
considered owls.

40564c55-99e1-4b3e-a6ac-4ef724acaf54-0
00:09:54.560 --> 00:10:01.240
So I set out and I was hoping to have a
interaction with a saw wet owl.

929b5af0-8da8-4a74-9e23-2277d195662a-0
00:10:01.400 --> 00:10:04.280
So I live in the southern Appalachian
Mountains.

93ce585f-15b2-4174-8587-71fd154d2aa8-0
00:10:04.680 --> 00:10:10.482
I specifically chose to focus my field
work in southern Appalachian because this

93ce585f-15b2-4174-8587-71fd154d2aa8-1
00:10:10.482 --> 00:10:12.560
is the area that I know best.

2bfef3b5-42c2-4568-b667-f7a96d1ca8d3-0
00:10:13.000 --> 00:10:18.008
And I really wanted this to be a model
for anyone who's reading this living in

2bfef3b5-42c2-4568-b667-f7a96d1ca8d3-1
00:10:18.008 --> 00:10:22.318
the desert where, you know,
temperate rainforest, wherever you are,

2bfef3b5-42c2-4568-b667-f7a96d1ca8d3-2
00:10:22.318 --> 00:10:26.629
I promise that when the sunsets,
there is a parallel universe to be

2bfef3b5-42c2-4568-b667-f7a96d1ca8d3-3
00:10:26.629 --> 00:10:27.200
explored.

ecfba1a1-c969-4b16-9392-997010989b3d-0
00:10:27.600 --> 00:10:33.681
And so I thought I knew my homeland
really well, but as it turns out,

ecfba1a1-c969-4b16-9392-997010989b3d-1
00:10:33.681 --> 00:10:35.680
I only knew half of it.

88c32283-91f3-4ced-9af3-8e9be6f3d6c4-0
00:10:35.760 --> 00:10:37.080
I only knew the daylight half.

4dba92d3-55a8-402c-a27f-8601b96e8610-0
00:10:37.080 --> 00:10:42.551
So there was this whole nocturnal half
that I was unfamiliar with,

4dba92d3-55a8-402c-a27f-8601b96e8610-1
00:10:42.551 --> 00:10:46.798
but I knew that, you know,
Sawit owls live on high,

4dba92d3-55a8-402c-a27f-8601b96e8610-2
00:10:46.798 --> 00:10:48.840
high elevation mountains.

dc4b0d55-cb18-4870-b15b-49f786006eb4-0
00:10:49.280 --> 00:10:52.120
And I was thinking how could I have this
meaningful encounter?

774e38f0-8e0f-4c89-8b60-49ac817721a2-0
00:10:52.200 --> 00:10:56.631
Meanwhile,
some friends of mine who live in downtown

774e38f0-8e0f-4c89-8b60-49ac817721a2-1
00:10:56.631 --> 00:11:00.811
Boone, NC,
I their backyard only has a few trees,

774e38f0-8e0f-4c89-8b60-49ac817721a2-2
00:11:00.811 --> 00:11:02.400
but between houses.

10553852-3fe0-4b14-8408-7a8dfc98731b-0
00:11:02.600 --> 00:11:06.667
But as I was hoping to have this
experience with the Sawit,

10553852-3fe0-4b14-8408-7a8dfc98731b-1
00:11:06.667 --> 00:11:12.090
my friends actually had a screech owl
family nest in one of these trees in in a

10553852-3fe0-4b14-8408-7a8dfc98731b-2
00:11:12.090 --> 00:11:13.040
downtown area.

d39dbf73-2637-46b0-bfa1-8bd9e5f68b73-0
00:11:13.640 --> 00:11:19.757
And so I ended up spending a good bit of
time getting to observe this screech owl

d39dbf73-2637-46b0-bfa1-8bd9e5f68b73-1
00:11:19.757 --> 00:11:20.280
family.

8157d42c-f92e-4853-b23c-2e84b95ef894-0
00:11:21.280 --> 00:11:24.867
And there are some wild things that if
you read the book,

8157d42c-f92e-4853-b23c-2e84b95ef894-1
00:11:24.867 --> 00:11:29.878
you'll you'll discover this incredible
story of a an astronomer who lives in the

8157d42c-f92e-4853-b23c-2e84b95ef894-2
00:11:29.878 --> 00:11:34.827
neighborhood who's also a birder and a a
street light that goes on and has been

8157d42c-f92e-4853-b23c-2e84b95ef894-3
00:11:34.827 --> 00:11:37.920
turned off after the community sets up an
outcry.

ad7eec4a-01d6-4534-950a-07d6b2ae3332-0
00:11:38.320 --> 00:11:44.332
But one of the important things that I
really learned and and begin to focus on

ad7eec4a-01d6-4534-950a-07d6b2ae3332-1
00:11:44.332 --> 00:11:47.714
in that,
in that chapter in that process was

ad7eec4a-01d6-4534-950a-07d6b2ae3332-2
00:11:47.714 --> 00:11:53.576
darkness is not only important for owls,
darkness is incredibly important for

ad7eec4a-01d6-4534-950a-07d6b2ae3332-3
00:11:53.576 --> 00:11:55.080
migrating songbirds.

40209921-5bbf-484c-9ae2-e4b12287ba7c-0
00:11:55.520 --> 00:12:01.012
So when you appreciate songbirds in the
spring, any time of year,

40209921-5bbf-484c-9ae2-e4b12287ba7c-1
00:12:01.012 --> 00:12:05.840
you're appreciating the darkness that
brought them there.

dd27ff9a-eb44-430f-bb1a-9e11d5d9ac75-0
00:12:05.840 --> 00:12:11.647
So migrating birds need these dark
corridors to travel because vast majority

dd27ff9a-eb44-430f-bb1a-9e11d5d9ac75-1
00:12:11.647 --> 00:12:17.681
of of songbirds migrate at night and it's
incredibly important for them to have

dd27ff9a-eb44-430f-bb1a-9e11d5d9ac75-2
00:12:17.681 --> 00:12:18.360
darkness.

5e4118de-ce53-40d6-9f30-96e2f049577d-0
00:12:18.440 --> 00:12:23.840
So we often don't think of darkness as
habitat, but that's absolutely what it is.

d4ad0e40-48da-4add-b8e2-7b21533dd775-0
00:12:23.840 --> 00:12:30.720
And we're losing it it we're losing it
really quickly to artificial light.

f0d1c5c7-031e-400f-9251-8b2a70288736-0
00:12:31.040 --> 00:12:35.803
But one of the things I learned from this
owl family is how important a single tree

f0d1c5c7-031e-400f-9251-8b2a70288736-1
00:12:35.803 --> 00:12:36.200
can be.

a488d0fc-db19-41a6-b0ac-3505a92077c6-0
00:12:36.200 --> 00:12:40.941
So this remnant woodland habitat,
how important a single tree can be,

a488d0fc-db19-41a6-b0ac-3505a92077c6-1
00:12:40.941 --> 00:12:45.885
and also through the story of the the
larger story of that neighborhood,

a488d0fc-db19-41a6-b0ac-3505a92077c6-2
00:12:45.885 --> 00:12:51.371
how important just a dark yard can be,
a dark neighborhood and how that darkness

a488d0fc-db19-41a6-b0ac-3505a92077c6-3
00:12:51.371 --> 00:12:53.200
can grow in a positive way.

a4b40495-a1b6-49cb-ac2e-5ad83554540c-0
00:12:54.280 --> 00:13:00.400
And so I really tried to focus on night
magic being a dark positive story.

ccdae139-67e7-496b-ad25-c8d23d883ef9-0
00:13:00.480 --> 00:13:02.280
We do not have a lot of those.

d6e36fd5-e493-4a58-b467-3dbab149e459-0
00:13:02.640 --> 00:13:07.387
So when we think about darkness and talk
about darkness, you know,

d6e36fd5-e493-4a58-b467-3dbab149e459-1
00:13:07.387 --> 00:13:12.560
we often talk about darkness as a void or
darkness as equating to death.

f34327b3-9c09-4699-af44-25debee0995d-0
00:13:12.560 --> 00:13:16.600
Whereas light is knowledge, illumination,
life.

4844dfef-61d7-4b6c-8ae9-845c12d22a16-0
00:13:17.040 --> 00:13:21.803
So really try to, you know,
play around with that a little bit

4844dfef-61d7-4b6c-8ae9-845c12d22a16-1
00:13:21.803 --> 00:13:28.080
because darkness is incredibly important
for all forms of life to thrive on Earth.

ce1570c0-d0fb-4955-a2c6-4112e73fe6ce-0
00:13:29.280 --> 00:13:34.432
And we often talk about how we can't see
the stars as a negative impact of

ce1570c0-d0fb-4955-a2c6-4112e73fe6ce-1
00:13:34.432 --> 00:13:35.600
artificial light.

21d3e0d3-e059-42b1-979e-96d9f4fe13a0-0
00:13:35.920 --> 00:13:36.960
And that is true.

b784ee7f-8f9c-44c9-8bbb-db6df71bf560-0
00:13:36.960 --> 00:13:40.480
It artificial light blocks our view of
the night sky.

da865d30-8c2c-4897-937a-a4d2c18f9d27-0
00:13:41.440 --> 00:13:46.692
But over time I really started to
understand that not only does artificial

da865d30-8c2c-4897-937a-a4d2c18f9d27-1
00:13:46.692 --> 00:13:52.155
light block our view of the night sky and
sever our connection to the cosmos,

da865d30-8c2c-4897-937a-a4d2c18f9d27-2
00:13:52.155 --> 00:13:57.057
it's really come to sever our
relationship and our ability to witness

da865d30-8c2c-4897-937a-a4d2c18f9d27-3
00:13:57.057 --> 00:14:01.120
and experience the night world that's
directly around us.

4492e834-7811-4e36-bd9d-91b367d9975f-0
00:14:01.680 --> 00:14:05.400
So a great example of that, glow worms.

30a9f51e-b415-4ce0-9df2-4d6237d3f65d-0
00:14:06.560 --> 00:14:10.320
So a lot of people call a lot of
different things glow worms.

7792388e-f9c3-4cce-9e83-add9e0208b0b-0
00:14:10.440 --> 00:14:14.247
And actually when I was looking into
fireflies,

7792388e-f9c3-4cce-9e83-add9e0208b0b-1
00:14:14.247 --> 00:14:19.880
one of the things that I loved was
learning that Firefly larvae glows.

60c7259c-d5d3-4289-9403-108b2e3a754f-0
00:14:19.960 --> 00:14:26.014
And so when you see fireflies rise in a
field and you know, your aunt's yard,

60c7259c-d5d3-4289-9403-108b2e3a754f-1
00:14:26.014 --> 00:14:30.516
wherever you are,
those fireflies have been on the ground

60c7259c-d5d3-4289-9403-108b2e3a754f-2
00:14:30.516 --> 00:14:33.000
underground for up to two years.

420f95bb-8d24-4e99-a12a-41a8d8041f3a-0
00:14:33.200 --> 00:14:37.290
When you see them rise and they've been
glowing the whole time,

420f95bb-8d24-4e99-a12a-41a8d8041f3a-1
00:14:37.290 --> 00:14:39.400
like these little seeds of light.

cac663d4-4559-4dbf-bb55-5ca7e5d60348-0
00:14:39.760 --> 00:14:44.000
And so some people call Firefly larvae,
those little seeds of light glow worms.

8be1fd12-f208-4af9-ab87-dea7c06911a0-0
00:14:44.480 --> 00:14:50.758
But when I talk about glow worms,
I'm usually referring to a fungus gnat

8be1fd12-f208-4af9-ab87-dea7c06911a0-1
00:14:50.758 --> 00:14:51.360
larvae.

d64c8878-4715-4cf2-8a47-7b5e8b6cf387-0
00:14:52.120 --> 00:14:58.252
So as someone who's writing about
darkness and nocturnal animals,

d64c8878-4715-4cf2-8a47-7b5e8b6cf387-1
00:14:58.252 --> 00:15:04.200
I find myself often in kind of the role
of unexpected PR agent.

f33b6943-e653-4c23-ade2-e5961e7ea580-0
00:15:04.640 --> 00:15:11.067
And so fungus nut larvae,
AKA maggots probably needs some positive

f33b6943-e653-4c23-ade2-e5961e7ea580-1
00:15:11.067 --> 00:15:16.440
PR because I'm here to say that maggots
can be magical.

dfe00805-6717-437d-92fe-85b7590a8588-0
00:15:16.680 --> 00:15:22.051
And I think that, you know,
this photo really supports that that

dfe00805-6717-437d-92fe-85b7590a8588-1
00:15:22.051 --> 00:15:22.960
commentary.

b0089f5c-9c86-476b-9110-17d8832ddc65-0
00:15:23.640 --> 00:15:27.164
So these this,
this is an image of fungus nut larvae in

b0089f5c-9c86-476b-9110-17d8832ddc65-1
00:15:27.164 --> 00:15:27.920
New Zealand.

cf36f0a8-2eee-43ad-8747-a0b61782f10c-0
00:15:28.400 --> 00:15:34.339
So New Zealand has populations of neon
blue glow worms that millions of people

cf36f0a8-2eee-43ad-8747-a0b61782f10c-1
00:15:34.339 --> 00:15:38.400
from around the world traveled to New
Zealand to see.

221a3e90-2753-4233-b297-28cbaa0740e8-0
00:15:39.200 --> 00:15:44.565
And for years I talked about how much I
would love to go to New Zealand to see

221a3e90-2753-4233-b297-28cbaa0740e8-1
00:15:44.565 --> 00:15:45.720
these glow worms.

2a40e329-b37a-436a-863c-56822567f122-0
00:15:45.720 --> 00:15:48.887
So in New Zealand,
you go into a cave and they're just like

2a40e329-b37a-436a-863c-56822567f122-1
00:15:48.887 --> 00:15:50.840
all over the ceiling, all around you.

6a6bb749-f5fe-4ab3-a242-1b24dba03852-0
00:15:50.840 --> 00:15:54.320
You walk through a forest at night,
they're all over the ground.

72ab9d0d-ca56-4faa-a22b-ced1452d366d-0
00:15:55.160 --> 00:15:59.141
And so in the process of working on night
magic,

72ab9d0d-ca56-4faa-a22b-ced1452d366d-1
00:15:59.141 --> 00:16:03.610
I discovered that Southern Appalachia,
my home region,

72ab9d0d-ca56-4faa-a22b-ced1452d366d-2
00:16:03.610 --> 00:16:10.192
as one of the only other places on earth
where neon blue glow worms are known to

72ab9d0d-ca56-4faa-a22b-ced1452d366d-3
00:16:10.192 --> 00:16:10.680
exist.

8245e961-749b-42ec-92c8-f8ed13113c4b-0
00:16:11.200 --> 00:16:15.398
And spoiler alert,
I not only found them in a neighboring

8245e961-749b-42ec-92c8-f8ed13113c4b-1
00:16:15.398 --> 00:16:19.885
county and populations,
huge populations are arguably largest

8245e961-749b-42ec-92c8-f8ed13113c4b-2
00:16:19.885 --> 00:16:23.359
populations known to be in Southern
Appalachia.

f9b9d46a-a4c0-4300-8e0b-090ce7461694-0
00:16:24.600 --> 00:16:30.593
I ended up finding them in my own
neighborhood on a roadside embankment

f9b9d46a-a4c0-4300-8e0b-090ce7461694-1
00:16:30.593 --> 00:16:36.920
that I have driven down for 20 years with
my music on and my headlights on.

67bee34c-e851-4317-8e26-efc05c3277bc-0
00:16:37.480 --> 00:16:39.800
No idea that they were there.

5d4d62ae-6cc1-4f46-b63d-d91c57de33c0-0
00:16:40.520 --> 00:16:46.465
But never before had I taken the time to
walk in darkness without a flashlight,

5d4d62ae-6cc1-4f46-b63d-d91c57de33c0-1
00:16:46.465 --> 00:16:51.296
without looking at my phone,
to let my eyes adjust and to really

5d4d62ae-6cc1-4f46-b63d-d91c57de33c0-2
00:16:51.296 --> 00:16:53.599
experience what might be there.

600a6d46-6ab6-48f3-b328-464cde00fb40-0
00:16:53.600 --> 00:17:01.332
And what I found was a roadside that at
night is spangled with these brilliant

600a6d46-6ab6-48f3-b328-464cde00fb40-1
00:17:01.332 --> 00:17:01.920
stars.

a2275978-5969-44b3-9ceb-4c37c6f97df8-0
00:17:02.040 --> 00:17:03.960
So it's a beautiful experience.

ce84fd6d-9bf2-4f6b-b0f3-4f50e96ac7c9-0
00:17:04.520 --> 00:17:05.640
I love this idea.

2bcafabe-7057-4e5d-ac09-8afc0dd7c752-0
00:17:05.640 --> 00:17:10.492
Again, you know,
I was willing to travel around the world

2bcafabe-7057-4e5d-ac09-8afc0dd7c752-1
00:17:10.492 --> 00:17:16.850
to find wondrous glow worms only to
discover that they had been living with

2bcafabe-7057-4e5d-ac09-8afc0dd7c752-2
00:17:16.850 --> 00:17:18.440
me the entire time.

54641696-1b4e-4e97-9400-bcacf6f06bf8-0
00:17:18.760 --> 00:17:21.280
So that's a theme that kind of comes over
and over again.

6a7afe8b-11b2-49a9-87ec-5713512bd72d-0
00:17:21.680 --> 00:17:24.279
You know,
we think we have to go far to explore,

6a7afe8b-11b2-49a9-87ec-5713512bd72d-1
00:17:24.279 --> 00:17:26.720
to discover something new that's
undescribed.

8a664b90-5a40-4f22-bd28-c7ef8666afce-0
00:17:27.200 --> 00:17:30.289
You know,
we think we have to go far to experience

8a664b90-5a40-4f22-bd28-c7ef8666afce-1
00:17:30.289 --> 00:17:33.257
wonder,
but often we can find it really close to

8a664b90-5a40-4f22-bd28-c7ef8666afce-2
00:17:33.257 --> 00:17:33.560
home.

8c8841c4-bd47-4376-a793-a7b21d063fbd-0
00:17:33.840 --> 00:17:37.928
And the great thing about about exploring
the night world,

8c8841c4-bd47-4376-a793-a7b21d063fbd-1
00:17:37.928 --> 00:17:43.195
which is a parallel universe right
outside our door every time the sunsets,

8c8841c4-bd47-4376-a793-a7b21d063fbd-2
00:17:43.195 --> 00:17:45.759
it's it's right there waiting for us.

9d98f210-1e20-4b75-9934-ebb0cf9cc00e-0
00:17:46.800 --> 00:17:51.560
So in terms of nocturnal creatures.

b1c624a2-5c9d-4eda-95d2-41abacc4da00-0
00:17:51.560 --> 00:17:54.327
So if I was in,
if I was in a room with you guys,

b1c624a2-5c9d-4eda-95d2-41abacc4da00-1
00:17:54.327 --> 00:17:57.760
I would ask, like how many,
how many of you love butterflies?

b9e44e49-89c0-4bef-908a-132fc54c92f9-0
00:17:57.760 --> 00:18:01.780
Generally,
I find that there are a lot of hands that

b9e44e49-89c0-4bef-908a-132fc54c92f9-1
00:18:01.780 --> 00:18:05.800
raise who loves butterflies doesn't who
loves moths.

cd2b21b7-1fcd-499a-9638-eaf7da11873c-0
00:18:05.880 --> 00:18:09.400
A lot of times people kind of, oh,
the noses crinkle.

47b1b8d9-3180-4bbb-8915-2bd493e09022-0
00:18:09.400 --> 00:18:11.280
It's kind of like, not so sure.

9ab15e89-ecb0-4c95-b344-92659ceadeb0-0
00:18:11.680 --> 00:18:16.120
So moths do not get the credit that they
deserve.

eb6b9f8a-058b-425e-b8f4-750765cf2e20-0
00:18:16.640 --> 00:18:20.280
So here I am,
a little bit of a moth PR lady.

260e6150-fd80-4d35-9e8a-d9e78859fcd6-0
00:18:21.960 --> 00:18:25.497
So moths, you know,
people tend to think of them as drab and,

260e6150-fd80-4d35-9e8a-d9e78859fcd6-1
00:18:25.497 --> 00:18:29.206
and you know, they're,
they're larvae going to come and eat your

260e6150-fd80-4d35-9e8a-d9e78859fcd6-2
00:18:29.206 --> 00:18:29.720
sweaters.

666cb9d6-decd-4e43-a275-e99083a8b884-0
00:18:29.720 --> 00:18:32.398
I promise,
most species do not want to come and eat

666cb9d6-decd-4e43-a275-e99083a8b884-1
00:18:32.398 --> 00:18:33.120
your sweaters.

a8e2e379-e25b-49e9-a579-614168634b57-0
00:18:33.960 --> 00:18:37.960
So moths are incredibly diverse and
they're gorgeous.

59ae6eab-b5bb-479f-a771-ef57084a1a8a-0
00:18:37.960 --> 00:18:40.080
So they're giants.

5d78d112-c575-44e3-9c9c-6cfcdfa4d8f7-0
00:18:40.600 --> 00:18:41.600
They're tiny.

736e9a07-a596-4988-83fd-3dee5fed55c5-0
00:18:41.960 --> 00:18:45.360
They're colorful, gorgeous patterns.

2cac82e4-c67b-413f-b3ae-45f7945a6034-0
00:18:46.600 --> 00:18:50.027
So when I was growing up,
I always thought that when I saw a

2cac82e4-c67b-413f-b3ae-45f7945a6034-1
00:18:50.027 --> 00:18:53.005
Caterpillar,
I thought that I was seeing a butterfly

2cac82e4-c67b-413f-b3ae-45f7945a6034-2
00:18:53.005 --> 00:18:53.679
and waiting.

0e0022cf-4a8f-4bdc-bc6f-f987b33fa726-0
00:18:54.160 --> 00:18:57.814
But as it turns out, statistically,
when you see a Caterpillar,

0e0022cf-4a8f-4bdc-bc6f-f987b33fa726-1
00:18:57.814 --> 00:19:00.840
you are almost always looking at a moth
and waiting.

3fa550ae-d158-49e5-b056-37cd57d980e1-0
00:19:01.280 --> 00:19:06.758
So this is incredibly important because
these moths, these caterpillars,

3fa550ae-d158-49e5-b056-37cd57d980e1-1
00:19:06.758 --> 00:19:10.360
they are the ones who support bird
populations.

b13f0963-9bae-4308-8954-24720a4a8cc6-0
00:19:10.360 --> 00:19:12.640
So birds look to these caterpillars for
food.

2b8a666f-7c7c-4f9c-bacb-730208a146c7-0
00:19:13.360 --> 00:19:17.743
Don't fight me on this,
but there are some scientists who would

2b8a666f-7c7c-4f9c-bacb-730208a146c7-1
00:19:17.743 --> 00:19:22.057
argue that globally,
moths are more important pollinators than

2b8a666f-7c7c-4f9c-bacb-730208a146c7-2
00:19:22.057 --> 00:19:22.400
bees.

5ff55cf6-4acf-4115-9ad4-872efe717ed1-0
00:19:22.800 --> 00:19:27.440
So moths take on an incredible night
shift of pollination.

b7134339-4145-4c07-9bb6-d12764ac2e43-0
00:19:27.440 --> 00:19:32.960
And so the world as we appreciate it in
daylight is made possible by moths.

5315d26e-e361-4f61-a74f-15a920593d30-0
00:19:34.160 --> 00:19:39.970
So in order to have a meaningful close
encounter, to learn about moths,

5315d26e-e361-4f61-a74f-15a920593d30-1
00:19:39.970 --> 00:19:43.360
I attended an event called Martha Palooza.

945918af-2614-4fb3-94e0-018de6f7437a-0
00:19:44.000 --> 00:19:46.680
And it was just as much fun as it sounds.

5a217631-fc3e-4916-af60-469bf5ed4a2c-0
00:19:46.680 --> 00:19:52.200
So it was a basically a giant moth party,
moth balls.

8bf6ba28-6515-40d2-a5b4-24e7b63a92a8-0
00:19:52.200 --> 00:19:56.600
That's another term for the tiny,
the tiny parties to appreciate moths.

a483b41b-a2de-48fc-9024-e3b45fc084ce-0
00:19:56.920 --> 00:20:03.200
But so at at Martha Palooza, scientists,
moth enthusiasts, people set up.

9ed665fc-f9dc-4a19-904e-65087381f248-0
00:20:03.800 --> 00:20:08.906
White sheets with lights that that
attract moths, and then on those sheets,

9ed665fc-f9dc-4a19-904e-65087381f248-1
00:20:08.906 --> 00:20:10.720
moths have a place to land.

6b57e008-a7b5-476b-9686-6297a585fd13-0
00:20:11.400 --> 00:20:18.084
And so in that experience,
I was just dazzled by the diversity and

6b57e008-a7b5-476b-9686-6297a585fd13-1
00:20:18.084 --> 00:20:20.080
the beauty of moths.

25a68b87-a63d-4c13-87e7-f956eb6b2e0d-0
00:20:20.640 --> 00:20:24.429
And at Martha Palooza,
I kind of learned how to have these

25a68b87-a63d-4c13-87e7-f956eb6b2e0d-1
00:20:24.429 --> 00:20:25.200
experiences.

96221d6e-bdae-429f-ac8d-d650ac1be125-0
00:20:25.400 --> 00:20:30.438
When I came home,
I set up my own little mothball in my own

96221d6e-bdae-429f-ac8d-d650ac1be125-1
00:20:30.438 --> 00:20:34.301
yard,
and I discovered that I had mods that I

96221d6e-bdae-429f-ac8d-d650ac1be125-2
00:20:34.301 --> 00:20:38.080
wasn't aware of, you know,
living around me.

3f710965-a0b3-4bb9-b1c8-a2cf7bc417e2-0
00:20:38.480 --> 00:20:43.012
So woolly worms,
otherwise known as woolly bears,

3f710965-a0b3-4bb9-b1c8-a2cf7bc417e2-1
00:20:43.012 --> 00:20:48.360
are arguably the most famous Caterpillar
in North America.

e5072772-57c7-4ef2-b8aa-d95002c70e6c-0
00:20:48.960 --> 00:20:53.108
And there actually is a festival for
woolly worms, woolly bears,

e5072772-57c7-4ef2-b8aa-d95002c70e6c-1
00:20:53.108 --> 00:20:54.960
really close to where I live.

b2b8c5c4-e88a-448f-b819-c8729773f7f6-0
00:20:56.080 --> 00:21:00.323
Huge thousands of people come every year
to celebrate the woolly worm,

b2b8c5c4-e88a-448f-b819-c8729773f7f6-1
00:21:00.323 --> 00:21:01.280
the woolly bear.

33a2d075-12f5-4fa2-bbe8-80457a415c3b-0
00:21:02.040 --> 00:21:05.797
But never before right in night magic had
I,

33a2d075-12f5-4fa2-bbe8-80457a415c3b-1
00:21:05.797 --> 00:21:11.975
I I realized that never before had I
considered what does the woolly bear

33a2d075-12f5-4fa2-bbe8-80457a415c3b-2
00:21:11.975 --> 00:21:12.560
become?

d8d67138-8dc1-4465-8dca-c9709cc1d92e-0
00:21:13.120 --> 00:21:20.080
And the woolly wear becomes an Isabella
Tiger moth hover star of Night Magic.

344634e0-0be2-4238-8527-d486da9b55aa-0
00:21:20.640 --> 00:21:25.640
And so I have had woolly bears,
have carried them around.

c626898c-3ae0-499f-bcd8-f102fcaf5be1-0
00:21:25.640 --> 00:21:31.746
I've seen them yearly for my entire life,
but not until I set out to experience the

c626898c-3ae0-499f-bcd8-f102fcaf5be1-1
00:21:31.746 --> 00:21:35.600
Moth world had I ever encountered an
Isabella tiger.

4838fd7d-f633-4b39-b0a5-b00f03f0043f-0
00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:41.560
But after I did, I realized again,
I've been focused on the daylit world.

ef1b2255-1075-43f9-875d-4808e482e769-0
00:21:41.760 --> 00:21:46.373
Had no idea that the entire time I had
been surrounded by Willie Bears,

ef1b2255-1075-43f9-875d-4808e482e769-1
00:21:46.373 --> 00:21:49.000
I was also surrounded by Isabella tigers.

6b95929b-a68d-412f-b6a1-9993bd17872e-0
00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:49.640
Unaware.

4750f048-a339-4eb7-9bb2-79be5c0733d9-0
00:21:51.000 --> 00:21:51.880
So Moz.

42dd3de2-4c69-40d3-a612-9c44c1445d0f-0
00:21:51.920 --> 00:21:57.079
Underappreciated, under loved,
but beloved by me now and hopefully over

42dd3de2-4c69-40d3-a612-9c44c1445d0f-1
00:21:57.079 --> 00:22:01.880
time maybe by you if you look into mods a
little bit more closely.

0f4709c7-7fa4-4ace-9a0f-3d6b52975d1b-0
00:22:02.840 --> 00:22:04.560
So bats.

9dd0582c-29a2-4a6d-a261-f4fd775597a9-0
00:22:05.600 --> 00:22:12.803
Bats might be the nocturnal animal that I
spent the most time with that is in term

9dd0582c-29a2-4a6d-a261-f4fd775597a9-1
00:22:12.803 --> 00:22:14.800
in need of positive PR.

f80ed251-7e17-41d9-8fc0-ba977554853a-0
00:22:15.160 --> 00:22:19.117
So admittedly,
bats were probably the nocturnal creature

f80ed251-7e17-41d9-8fc0-ba977554853a-1
00:22:19.117 --> 00:22:21.200
that I was most nervous about.

e22c5236-dc43-4cfc-a8f7-ffdd3c9004d2-0
00:22:21.560 --> 00:22:26.360
And so how do you have a responsible and
meaningful encounter with a bat?

c2a0be8a-0ad1-4d32-95f3-8750f81db92e-0
00:22:26.880 --> 00:22:30.680
So my answer to this was to an attend a
bat blitz.

df2ff4aa-43cf-4158-9911-be1b444661d4-0
00:22:31.040 --> 00:22:34.680
So here I just want to say Mata Palooza
bat blitz.

878e6279-304e-4153-ba49-c1b68f71bc79-0
00:22:34.800 --> 00:22:38.723
If you have a passion for animals,
chances are other people have a passion

878e6279-304e-4153-ba49-c1b68f71bc79-1
00:22:38.723 --> 00:22:42.280
for these animals and there is a party
somewhere for you to attend.

0d76411e-9c60-497e-bfa3-131a56d5acd5-0
00:22:43.000 --> 00:22:44.440
So I encourage you to do that.

b0d39531-6555-42a8-9130-eebd22bb43a7-0
00:22:44.960 --> 00:22:50.240
So I went to Bat Blitz where I was with
bat biologist, just bat loving people.

5416f34a-6fd1-4a96-a60f-af0011ca634e-0
00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:52.320
I went bat neutral.

8685c681-952f-44c3-8da5-f02b7fec575a-0
00:22:52.440 --> 00:22:54.200
I went to become bat positive.

b2865caf-42eb-4956-bd4b-f450414a8f01-0
00:22:54.320 --> 00:22:56.160
I think that that was achieved.

c04d0ca1-aafb-4755-853b-27ccc2ff1483-0
00:22:56.280 --> 00:23:02.210
Hopefully that comes across in the book,
which is includes adventures in dry

c04d0ca1-aafb-4755-853b-27ccc2ff1483-1
00:23:02.210 --> 00:23:08.217
riverbeds and extremely rural Alabama,
some wild adventures, but the they're,

c04d0ca1-aafb-4755-853b-27ccc2ff1483-2
00:23:08.217 --> 00:23:11.760
they're too much to share in this short
talk.

4ed4e5ee-3cff-4a2f-8bc2-6b04ed623e69-0
00:23:11.760 --> 00:23:18.649
But I do love a quote by one of the bat
educators who I spent time with there,

4ed4e5ee-3cff-4a2f-8bc2-6b04ed623e69-1
00:23:18.649 --> 00:23:21.440
otherwise known as the Bat Lady.

fe58e03e-5139-4ea7-a137-f31bac178ad8-0
00:23:22.480 --> 00:23:28.418
So she told me if you fear something,
it probably means that you have something

fe58e03e-5139-4ea7-a137-f31bac178ad8-1
00:23:28.418 --> 00:23:29.680
to learn from it.

5409f734-d032-4737-a021-37f366b9cc9c-0
00:23:30.600 --> 00:23:35.520
And I love that sentiment and I carry it
with me.

5124894f-bbfc-423c-a1a0-323e9d7e847d-0
00:23:35.760 --> 00:23:37.800
I think that it applies to bats.

737a8258-da4e-4add-9b9a-7054f4838ca0-0
00:23:38.200 --> 00:23:40.400
I think that it applies to darkness.

1545e5d9-03a3-4206-bd86-f69e8fa5a9da-0
00:23:40.520 --> 00:23:44.960
I think that it applies to pretty much
everything in life.

9057ac7f-f161-4e6a-ba8f-aa8502e42174-0
00:23:45.720 --> 00:23:47.320
So bats.

64373047-9a37-4174-89ea-ae6e6512c7c7-0
00:23:50.960 --> 00:23:57.534
So after Bat Blitz,
I started thinking a lot about foxfire

64373047-9a37-4174-89ea-ae6e6512c7c7-1
00:23:57.534 --> 00:24:00.320
and bioluminescent fungi.

f8e2ae0d-f8ad-4a04-8c7d-24bf585e2e6a-0
00:24:01.120 --> 00:24:04.080
So Foxfire was the name of this book
series.

d6d101f4-31a2-4613-aa9e-ace2d10b89d3-0
00:24:04.080 --> 00:24:09.442
In the 1970s,
I very famously codified Appalachian folk

d6d101f4-31a2-4613-aa9e-ace2d10b89d3-1
00:24:09.442 --> 00:24:10.400
tradition.

5f4dd2c7-f9ff-4f30-bf90-b4e32bd6c4ec-0
00:24:10.400 --> 00:24:13.320
My parents had copies of these books my
entire life.

93ae179c-79aa-49c6-babe-f4f8736b01c2-0
00:24:13.640 --> 00:24:19.684
It wasn't until I was an adult that I
realized that foxfire means it is is a

93ae179c-79aa-49c6-babe-f4f8736b01c2-1
00:24:19.684 --> 00:24:22.040
term for bioluminescent fungi.

fa08da38-c970-495e-b6df-65e791063244-0
00:24:22.280 --> 00:24:26.929
And it wasn't until I was working on the
book that I discovered that this isn't

fa08da38-c970-495e-b6df-65e791063244-1
00:24:26.929 --> 00:24:28.440
just a particular species.

7d582f49-6149-4e9f-ada6-b8e90b783eef-0
00:24:28.440 --> 00:24:34.040
That's an umbrella term for a myriad of
of species that that glow.

0ff5045d-b4a3-4d12-8090-baa0ad15be85-0
00:24:34.040 --> 00:24:37.400
So glowing fungi, bioluminescent fungi.

5e803967-f4f2-4cfa-ba4e-f8cea743d021-0
00:24:38.120 --> 00:24:43.569
So I set out to find some foxfire,
enlisting the help of a naturalist who

5e803967-f4f2-4cfa-ba4e-f8cea743d021-1
00:24:43.569 --> 00:24:48.060
leads night hikes,
who gave some practical tips about how to

5e803967-f4f2-4cfa-ba4e-f8cea743d021-2
00:24:48.060 --> 00:24:54.025
walk around in the dark without lights,
including you walk heel, toe, heel, toe,

5e803967-f4f2-4cfa-ba4e-f8cea743d021-3
00:24:54.025 --> 00:24:59.990
kind of in a pronounced heel toe motion
so they don't trip over roots and things

5e803967-f4f2-4cfa-ba4e-f8cea743d021-4
00:24:59.990 --> 00:25:04.040
when you're when you're wandering a trail
in the dark.

db8c90a6-3019-4178-9dc2-c79cdebb082e-0
00:25:04.360 --> 00:25:08.040
But so going out with this naturalist,
his name is Tal.

21b32b68-a959-48e6-9b73-3885bdf8596f-0
00:25:08.760 --> 00:25:13.383
So when I went out with Tao,
in addition to teaching me how to walk in

21b32b68-a959-48e6-9b73-3885bdf8596f-1
00:25:13.383 --> 00:25:16.443
the dark,
he also taught me a lot about my own

21b32b68-a959-48e6-9b73-3885bdf8596f-2
00:25:16.443 --> 00:25:17.160
Physiology.

3a4b4cf9-1f50-432e-ae12-84f7dc027bb7-0
00:25:17.160 --> 00:25:21.362
So I set out to, you know,
experience and learn from these other

3a4b4cf9-1f50-432e-ae12-84f7dc027bb7-1
00:25:21.362 --> 00:25:21.880
species.

c07b39cd-c948-48ac-8346-39a0b8326965-0
00:25:22.200 --> 00:25:27.320
And I ended up learning a lot about human,
you know, humans and my own Physiology.

a7f08a73-0962-4315-bbee-855e3a8d35be-0
00:25:27.320 --> 00:25:31.362
And so a lot of people think that you
gain night vision,

a7f08a73-0962-4315-bbee-855e3a8d35be-1
00:25:31.362 --> 00:25:34.200
need 20-30 minutes to gain night vision.

92fc531a-13b7-4a4a-ad45-8ed807a9825c-0
00:25:34.200 --> 00:25:35.080
And that is true.

9eeacc13-fb0e-437f-b068-f5415e63378b-0
00:25:35.520 --> 00:25:41.575
We gain most of our night vision in the
1st 20 to 30 minutes of being in complete

9eeacc13-fb0e-437f-b068-f5415e63378b-1
00:25:41.575 --> 00:25:42.240
darkness.

81e40610-470e-42bb-911f-e5da2feca0f4-0
00:25:42.840 --> 00:25:47.874
But in reality,
we can gain night vision for

81e40610-470e-42bb-911f-e5da2feca0f4-1
00:25:47.874 --> 00:25:50.560
incrementally for hours.

e9769f4c-1436-4408-93ba-5bf9ff207a3f-0
00:25:51.000 --> 00:25:56.530
So I love telling people if you have
never set out pointedly to let your night

e9769f4c-1436-4408-93ba-5bf9ff207a3f-1
00:25:56.530 --> 00:26:00.380
vision ripen,
then you have powers you don't even know

e9769f4c-1436-4408-93ba-5bf9ff207a3f-2
00:26:00.380 --> 00:26:00.800
about.

9cada4a8-ef69-44fc-a9aa-9070581f8ed5-0
00:26:01.760 --> 00:26:06.084
So when you allow your night vision to
ripen,

9cada4a8-ef69-44fc-a9aa-9070581f8ed5-1
00:26:06.084 --> 00:26:12.760
you're able to really see fox fur in a,
in a a much brighter capacity.

1e7c7234-b699-41d1-a8bb-d219aaa0bdbb-0
00:26:12.960 --> 00:26:17.520
You're able to see glow worms that you
wouldn't otherwise be able to see.

e51fe57f-25bc-42f6-8504-eb74e4fe0c85-0
00:26:17.520 --> 00:26:20.333
You know,
you can't just go walking and just turn

e51fe57f-25bc-42f6-8504-eb74e4fe0c85-1
00:26:20.333 --> 00:26:24.160
the flashlight out and immediately be
able to see them really well.

e92ba9f5-41aa-48d2-8e3c-133ee07b3eea-0
00:26:25.280 --> 00:26:28.560
You need a little time to let your eyes
adjust.

39446a35-0fbd-4f9b-9379-7bbad2d12c1e-0
00:26:29.160 --> 00:26:34.440
So in this photo,
this is this is bitter oyster mushrooms,

39446a35-0fbd-4f9b-9379-7bbad2d12c1e-1
00:26:34.440 --> 00:26:40.080
which I ended up discovering are pretty
prolific where I live.

23abc700-7f5c-4f8f-91b2-df6777d8a96a-0
00:26:40.600 --> 00:26:46.746
And again, not only, you know, I,
I found them in my own neighborhood again

23abc700-7f5c-4f8f-91b2-df6777d8a96a-1
00:26:46.746 --> 00:26:47.960
in in daylight.

eb1cc8e9-810c-4757-b2fc-bc80e792cdc5-0
00:26:48.520 --> 00:26:50.960
The, the left,
this is what they look like in daylight.

a6a59c0b-81a1-4302-825b-4b4f5f225627-0
00:26:50.960 --> 00:26:53.800
And then on the right is what they look
like in the dark.

d8aaefb3-9a4d-45ed-bd1b-4136ec88eabe-0
00:26:54.160 --> 00:27:00.639
So you can have a nondescript twig in
daylight and at night it turns into this

d8aaefb3-9a4d-45ed-bd1b-4136ec88eabe-1
00:27:00.639 --> 00:27:02.280
absolute magic wand.

7e6c75fb-e447-48df-aa23-acfeca363906-0
00:27:02.680 --> 00:27:03.960
It's fantastic.

0ef65e2a-1151-491e-92dc-81d7e036c39d-0
00:27:05.160 --> 00:27:09.551
And again,
Foxfire in in the fall is a great time to

0ef65e2a-1151-491e-92dc-81d7e036c39d-1
00:27:09.551 --> 00:27:10.960
look for Foxfire.

43275377-9609-4bd3-92db-9db99f259200-0
00:27:11.480 --> 00:27:15.790
And another great thing is, you know,
in the different seasons,

43275377-9609-4bd3-92db-9db99f259200-1
00:27:15.790 --> 00:27:19.360
there are different things in the night
to discover.

1f03dfe6-8615-45df-847a-a74a101120a2-0
00:27:21.320 --> 00:27:26.391
So moon gardens,
going through the title adventures among

1f03dfe6-8615-45df-847a-a74a101120a2-1
00:27:26.391 --> 00:27:30.762
glow worms,
moon gardens and other marvels of the

1f03dfe6-8615-45df-847a-a74a101120a2-2
00:27:30.762 --> 00:27:31.199
dark.

a057d0f7-e277-4312-a687-8800d6ad8bd0-0
00:27:31.720 --> 00:27:37.369
I set out and I wanted to experience
night blooming flowers,

a057d0f7-e277-4312-a687-8800d6ad8bd0-1
00:27:37.369 --> 00:27:42.741
and so when I set out I was looking for
tropical flowers,

a057d0f7-e277-4312-a687-8800d6ad8bd0-2
00:27:42.741 --> 00:27:45.520
night blooming cirrus flowers.

7f0e0767-c847-44a9-94db-926241eba4ff-0
00:27:45.800 --> 00:27:51.160
I ended up finding night blooming tobacco
in a friend's garden.

84078807-9a1c-48af-9313-ef8ec6157ed8-0
00:27:51.800 --> 00:27:54.440
She had accidentally planted a moon
garden.

0935b71a-201c-49e3-8a38-802d1dd49700-0
00:27:54.560 --> 00:27:57.160
How do you accidentally plant a moon
garden?

f7793a8a-5e47-4893-82a5-8f7d7ed94f9a-0
00:27:57.560 --> 00:28:01.708
Well, she lives in a house,
one of the oldest houses in Watauga

f7793a8a-5e47-4893-82a5-8f7d7ed94f9a-1
00:28:01.708 --> 00:28:03.200
County, North Carolina.

f1cdbc4d-dd1b-4a56-8e04-3c97333a24fe-0
00:28:03.240 --> 00:28:05.960
And it was a house that was built pre
electricity.

96addead-c4b7-47b5-840d-cb882ffdbd86-0
00:28:06.240 --> 00:28:08.776
So she's the kind of person that,
you know,

96addead-c4b7-47b5-840d-cb882ffdbd86-1
00:28:08.776 --> 00:28:12.524
if she changes a door knob in her house,
she wants to, you know,

96addead-c4b7-47b5-840d-cb882ffdbd86-2
00:28:12.524 --> 00:28:14.600
have a period appropriate door knob.

ab3b16ed-91b2-4936-929b-31c5d339081b-0
00:28:15.760 --> 00:28:20.109
If she is planting a garden,
she wants to plant, plant,

ab3b16ed-91b2-4936-929b-31c5d339081b-1
00:28:20.109 --> 00:28:25.080
use plants that you know,
would have been appropriate for that.

bb0a0fc1-809e-434f-9761-54be52fc2f63-0
00:28:25.080 --> 00:28:27.990
And so she read journals,
she did research,

bb0a0fc1-809e-434f-9761-54be52fc2f63-1
00:28:27.990 --> 00:28:33.480
and she ended up planting things that the
original inhabitants would have planted.

815e57b5-0d46-407b-ac93-daa05ee76e1e-0
00:28:33.840 --> 00:28:39.235
And that meant that she planted a moon
garden because moon gardens,

815e57b5-0d46-407b-ac93-daa05ee76e1e-1
00:28:39.235 --> 00:28:43.440
pre electricity were really a form of
entertainment.

5afbfc1b-df0b-4e85-8076-f7ab14d40d8d-0
00:28:43.440 --> 00:28:46.840
They were a place to enjoy evening.

6f6255a2-057a-430c-80dc-470dd088cd75-0
00:28:47.800 --> 00:28:55.098
And moon gardens often have white blooms,
things that are soft to the touch and it

6f6255a2-057a-430c-80dc-470dd088cd75-1
00:28:55.098 --> 00:28:58.000
really is just a sensory delight.

0726ab8d-674a-48dd-a999-bf8b3597c995-0
00:28:58.080 --> 00:29:06.277
A lot of night blooming flowers have
really strong fragrance to,

0726ab8d-674a-48dd-a999-bf8b3597c995-1
00:29:06.277 --> 00:29:10.440
to attract pollinators and moths.

8d90ff49-2eb4-40a8-8e97-d8fa73010cf7-0
00:29:10.600 --> 00:29:14.566
Another reason that I think moths don't
get the credit they deserve and why

8d90ff49-2eb4-40a8-8e97-d8fa73010cf7-1
00:29:14.566 --> 00:29:18.480
people kind of cringe a little bit when
it's, you know, do you love moths?

77692f11-9cd1-434c-9e9d-3e13c710f1c1-0
00:29:18.920 --> 00:29:23.706
A lot of times when we encounter A moth,
we're encountering a moth at a porch

77692f11-9cd1-434c-9e9d-3e13c710f1c1-1
00:29:23.706 --> 00:29:27.880
light and this moth is just banging
itself against the porch light.

2cbd76f6-f1f7-48d1-8953-86448ec4c324-0
00:29:28.200 --> 00:29:32.488
And it's really, you know,
it's really being terrorized in a sense,

2cbd76f6-f1f7-48d1-8953-86448ec4c324-1
00:29:32.488 --> 00:29:36.840
but it's artificial light,
it's confused and it's terror terrorized.

428c841b-711c-410a-b179-4c6c5d59b627-0
00:29:37.080 --> 00:29:41.120
And so when we see this moth acting
terrified, we're terrified.

cbbe16b8-f3ae-4cd4-afec-4a0f8bf0a484-0
00:29:41.720 --> 00:29:46.207
So in at dusk, in natural darkness,
in a moon garden,

cbbe16b8-f3ae-4cd4-afec-4a0f8bf0a484-1
00:29:46.207 --> 00:29:50.280
you can encounter a moth in its natural
habitat.

20094925-60ef-46f4-84ae-fe812e0bb2a4-0
00:29:50.520 --> 00:29:54.536
So you think of butterflies,
sunlit meadows,

20094925-60ef-46f4-84ae-fe812e0bb2a4-1
00:29:54.536 --> 00:30:00.605
moths in the non artificial light
environments of a moon garden are

20094925-60ef-46f4-84ae-fe812e0bb2a4-2
00:30:00.605 --> 00:30:05.514
incredibly serene and a lot of times
tobacco primrose,

20094925-60ef-46f4-84ae-fe812e0bb2a4-3
00:30:05.514 --> 00:30:11.584
they attract hot moths just like
Hummingbird size moths and they're

20094925-60ef-46f4-84ae-fe812e0bb2a4-4
00:30:11.584 --> 00:30:13.279
fantastic to watch.

d1372951-b0c0-483e-94c6-ca6639fc16c8-0
00:30:14.120 --> 00:30:22.080
So watch a flower respond to darkness is
a really powerful experience.

a8099932-5f23-44c9-a178-81fd947d53f4-0
00:30:22.440 --> 00:30:25.000
You know, again, we think of flowers,
sunlit meadows.

54e27e18-9b80-40e4-952a-6a10d277abe6-0
00:30:25.000 --> 00:30:32.104
So to see a flower relax and respond to
darkness and open and bloom in darkness,

54e27e18-9b80-40e4-952a-6a10d277abe6-1
00:30:32.104 --> 00:30:37.894
it's really helpful to help absorb the
fact that while, you know,

54e27e18-9b80-40e4-952a-6a10d277abe6-2
00:30:37.894 --> 00:30:43.244
gardening tends to talk about how plants
need light to grow,

54e27e18-9b80-40e4-952a-6a10d277abe6-3
00:30:43.244 --> 00:30:49.560
there's less consideration given to how
plants need darkness to thrive.

e4657fdc-0a70-43cb-b734-e0cd62a10a23-0
00:30:49.880 --> 00:30:54.233
And so I feel like spending time with,
with night blooming flowers really helped

e4657fdc-0a70-43cb-b734-e0cd62a10a23-1
00:30:54.233 --> 00:30:55.040
me absorb that.

5b79a9f0-6fb7-487a-8ad8-6a3ec62229b5-0
00:30:55.480 --> 00:30:59.740
And I know that plants are photosensitive
beings,

5b79a9f0-6fb7-487a-8ad8-6a3ec62229b5-1
00:30:59.740 --> 00:31:05.960
but watching a flower respond to darkness
again really brings that home.

ac233d84-3032-4e4e-8910-6d17c20d1014-0
00:31:06.240 --> 00:31:11.306
And it helped me also start to consider
how, you know,

ac233d84-3032-4e4e-8910-6d17c20d1014-1
00:31:11.306 --> 00:31:15.360
all plants are responding to darkness
cues.

154428cf-1278-4730-8758-98c873209fdf-0
00:31:16.080 --> 00:31:20.214
You know, I live as I,
as I think you guys do in a place where

154428cf-1278-4730-8758-98c873209fdf-1
00:31:20.214 --> 00:31:25.400
people really flock here in the fall to
see the leaves changing, leaf peepers.

56687d68-ec03-449e-be0c-7e3504fd9d8f-0
00:31:25.400 --> 00:31:26.680
You know, it's a vacation.

2221c173-0b6d-4553-bd75-e123b6989c85-0
00:31:26.760 --> 00:31:28.920
People want to come and see those leaves
changing.

ba43b6f1-ed6c-4af8-853a-f46fa4c29f5e-0
00:31:29.400 --> 00:31:32.060
And I've always thought about, you know,
the,

ba43b6f1-ed6c-4af8-853a-f46fa4c29f5e-1
00:31:32.060 --> 00:31:36.918
the temperature change as associated with
that, you know, cooler temperatures, the,

ba43b6f1-ed6c-4af8-853a-f46fa4c29f5e-2
00:31:36.918 --> 00:31:38.480
the leaves start to change.

5263e7a5-3faf-41d1-ace1-c86f970373d7-0
00:31:38.560 --> 00:31:44.456
But before this journey,
I'd never really considered how darkness

5263e7a5-3faf-41d1-ace1-c86f970373d7-1
00:31:44.456 --> 00:31:49.280
really plays a really important role in
that process.

4aa5c149-d424-4fd0-a7fa-383a4f1ac620-0
00:31:49.640 --> 00:31:52.120
So it's not just the cooling of the
nights.

7b06b0ff-62cd-492f-9e06-233d5ed9f332-0
00:31:52.120 --> 00:31:57.920
It's the lengthening of these periods of
darkness that cue these trees to pull

7b06b0ff-62cd-492f-9e06-233d5ed9f332-1
00:31:57.920 --> 00:32:02.400
their energy inward and to to change
color, drop the leaves.

3c2aecf2-e96c-44bb-8e7f-cfa953377f97-0
00:32:02.680 --> 00:32:06.880
There have actually been studies in urban
areas where there are St.

f46d532c-848c-4b0d-b4b5-2206123e0d31-0
00:32:06.880 --> 00:32:12.823
lights where trees are not able to have
access to natural darkness that it,

f46d532c-848c-4b0d-b4b5-2206123e0d31-1
00:32:12.823 --> 00:32:16.890
they actually,
it can shift seasons for for several

f46d532c-848c-4b0d-b4b5-2206123e0d31-2
00:32:16.890 --> 00:32:17.360
weeks.

1bd66beb-a6a5-43df-8efa-9dfbef2ab389-0
00:32:17.360 --> 00:32:21.964
It can shift seasons several weeks at a
time for bud burst and spring for leaf

1bd66beb-a6a5-43df-8efa-9dfbef2ab389-1
00:32:21.964 --> 00:32:23.480
like leaf change and fall.

bffe7ac5-cab4-4a8d-b77b-ad16c95ae5aa-0
00:32:23.760 --> 00:32:28.920
So it's really disrupting the, the,
the tree's natural cycle.

83fb4f2c-e5e9-4499-98cf-c5baf831758a-0
00:32:30.520 --> 00:32:36.575
So how in the end,
to explore the human relationship to

83fb4f2c-e5e9-4499-98cf-c5baf831758a-1
00:32:36.575 --> 00:32:43.280
darkness and the human relationship to
light was a challenge.

fd47d8d2-1720-4f19-9549-def69d5c3786-0
00:32:44.120 --> 00:32:48.118
I'm still a little bit,
it's a little bit interesting to to me

fd47d8d2-1720-4f19-9549-def69d5c3786-1
00:32:48.118 --> 00:32:51.800
even to think back like how did I come up
with this idea?

b1b6e963-c280-49fe-9403-0a4b581cba65-0
00:32:52.120 --> 00:32:56.200
But I just kept wondering how to explore
that relationship.

5689a26b-c206-47d0-afb5-18e81a9a6a49-0
00:32:56.640 --> 00:33:01.928
I ultimately decided that I wanted to
trace the human relationship to

5689a26b-c206-47d0-afb5-18e81a9a6a49-1
00:33:01.928 --> 00:33:08.200
artificial light back to its beginnings,
and so I decided that I was going to make

5689a26b-c206-47d0-afb5-18e81a9a6a49-2
00:33:08.200 --> 00:33:13.866
light with sticks in my bare hands by
learning how to make fire with a bow

5689a26b-c206-47d0-afb5-18e81a9a6a49-3
00:33:13.866 --> 00:33:14.320
drill.

25b2d8b5-0e5e-4eef-974b-df9c664ca875-0
00:33:14.720 --> 00:33:20.573
So in human history,
our relationship to artificial light has

25b2d8b5-0e5e-4eef-974b-df9c664ca875-1
00:33:20.573 --> 00:33:25.200
changed exponentially in just a few
generations.

1f55b0a6-fdb3-4bcb-8c74-362d96e5e0f0-0
00:33:26.240 --> 00:33:31.563
But so tracing back to that first
creation of artificial light, fire,

1f55b0a6-fdb3-4bcb-8c74-362d96e5e0f0-1
00:33:31.563 --> 00:33:33.160
I decided to do that.

ced5549e-d5c4-4f08-9001-17e4b855adfc-0
00:33:33.160 --> 00:33:39.320
And one of the IT was incredibly
empowering to make lights in that way.

f16dfe5a-ab59-4c4a-9ad5-a0ed16cbe369-0
00:33:39.520 --> 00:33:46.761
And one of the things I learned really
quickly was that our ancestors, unlike us,

f16dfe5a-ab59-4c4a-9ad5-a0ed16cbe369-1
00:33:46.761 --> 00:33:53.385
our ancestors really were able to
viscerally and personally experience the

f16dfe5a-ab59-4c4a-9ad5-a0ed16cbe369-2
00:33:53.385 --> 00:33:55.240
cost of making light.

d59d4860-f812-4bed-a49c-faade17c1344-0
00:33:55.760 --> 00:33:58.880
So the energetic cost of making light.

6e66d7e0-8980-4149-aa94-2e5998ab3b99-0
00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.126
Also,
I quickly realized that our ancestors,

6e66d7e0-8980-4149-aa94-2e5998ab3b99-1
00:34:04.126 --> 00:34:10.544
in order to have artificial light,
had to be intimately familiar with

6e66d7e0-8980-4149-aa94-2e5998ab3b99-2
00:34:10.544 --> 00:34:17.879
landscapes directly around them and also
with the species directly around them.

8efac495-0e4e-48cd-a109-d4408ca5348f-0
00:34:18.200 --> 00:34:21.766
You know,
knowing you know which which species

8efac495-0e4e-48cd-a109-d4408ca5348f-1
00:34:21.766 --> 00:34:23.360
might be good fodder.

b8870b40-408e-497f-af37-bfc0e931b624-0
00:34:23.480 --> 00:34:27.680
All of those things play into that
ability to make light.

fa0bcf57-18b5-48a8-873b-2a719b4f8a0f-0
00:34:29.240 --> 00:34:37.124
So not only did this lead me to
appreciate darkness and and the human

fa0bcf57-18b5-48a8-873b-2a719b4f8a0f-1
00:34:37.124 --> 00:34:44.445
ability to make lights,
it ultimately changed the way that I use

fa0bcf57-18b5-48a8-873b-2a719b4f8a0f-2
00:34:44.445 --> 00:34:46.359
light in my life.

05d0708e-91d5-4bb9-8acd-6356fb54860b-0
00:34:47.160 --> 00:34:55.551
So after this experience I started using
in my house amber and red light bulbs

05d0708e-91d5-4bb9-8acd-6356fb54860b-1
00:34:55.551 --> 00:34:56.720
after dark.

e98e9d90-a0e5-4455-8017-f809acd50449-0
00:34:56.720 --> 00:35:00.443
So when the night,
when the sky goes amber and red outside

e98e9d90-a0e5-4455-8017-f809acd50449-1
00:35:00.443 --> 00:35:04.040
as the sunsets,
the lights in my house go amber and red.

9e24fd51-6bd3-42bb-ba1d-3c846ce7d57d-0
00:35:04.040 --> 00:35:11.320
So those warm tone light Spectra do not
disrupt wildlife and they don't disrupt

9e24fd51-6bd3-42bb-ba1d-3c846ce7d57d-1
00:35:11.320 --> 00:35:15.415
human,
they don't disrupt life on Earth like

9e24fd51-6bd3-42bb-ba1d-3c846ce7d57d-2
00:35:15.415 --> 00:35:17.600
blue Spectra light dies.

e8d71d1c-fcc0-4970-a6ab-14c2ea38f78e-0
00:35:18.280 --> 00:35:23.320
And so that has really been an incredible
change for me in my life.

18c4f29b-b330-417e-acc9-8b0741386380-0
00:35:23.560 --> 00:35:30.280
I and I find it a really,
a really restful change that I've made.

e24655fa-1373-4538-9357-8bd496e96913-0
00:35:30.920 --> 00:35:37.100
So I realized, took the entire journey,
but I realized toward the end of my

e24655fa-1373-4538-9357-8bd496e96913-1
00:35:37.100 --> 00:35:41.491
journey, you know,
early on after I learned about how

e24655fa-1373-4538-9357-8bd496e96913-2
00:35:41.491 --> 00:35:46.126
artificial light effects fireflies,
I started, you know,

e24655fa-1373-4538-9357-8bd496e96913-3
00:35:46.126 --> 00:35:48.160
turning off porch lights.

c51bbfe5-ec07-4cbc-937e-187212591233-0
00:35:48.160 --> 00:35:51.171
I started like using curtains more often
because I was like, oh,

c51bbfe5-ec07-4cbc-937e-187212591233-1
00:35:51.171 --> 00:35:52.840
I don't want to have light trespass.

48573992-b4a9-411c-82c0-70a84541a4a4-0
00:35:53.200 --> 00:35:55.462
You know,
I don't want to disturb the fireflies

48573992-b4a9-411c-82c0-70a84541a4a4-1
00:35:55.462 --> 00:35:55.840
outside.

2e320a20-1b7e-4dbf-bc9a-b4d74aa972f7-0
00:35:56.160 --> 00:36:01.465
But it really took my entire journey for
me to realize and to understand that when

2e320a20-1b7e-4dbf-bc9a-b4d74aa972f7-1
00:36:01.465 --> 00:36:04.853
I was doing that,
when I was closing those curtains,

2e320a20-1b7e-4dbf-bc9a-b4d74aa972f7-2
00:36:04.853 --> 00:36:08.880
I was still just wrapping that artificial
light around myself.

5ddfa5db-b864-4c3a-9b82-11a06f0a9c91-0
00:36:09.480 --> 00:36:15.649
And so watching all of these different
species responding to artificial light

5ddfa5db-b864-4c3a-9b82-11a06f0a9c91-1
00:36:15.649 --> 00:36:20.000
helped me absorb the reality that I am
also an animal.

05988ee6-e4b6-4312-91e6-8ae008772ccc-0
00:36:20.280 --> 00:36:24.520
We are animals and we have reactions to
artificial light.

84dc4c07-5178-4f9d-a473-d5b8ec3043f1-0
00:36:24.880 --> 00:36:28.847
So, you know, watching mods, you know,
bang against a porch light,

84dc4c07-5178-4f9d-a473-d5b8ec3043f1-1
00:36:28.847 --> 00:36:33.230
watching a salamander, you know,
get confused from its migratory route by

84dc4c07-5178-4f9d-a473-d5b8ec3043f1-2
00:36:33.230 --> 00:36:34.000
a flashlight.

31e582ab-418d-448c-b20e-b47710eb982c-0
00:36:34.280 --> 00:36:38.825
All of these things over time help me
understand that I am also having a

31e582ab-418d-448c-b20e-b47710eb982c-1
00:36:38.825 --> 00:36:40.880
reaction when I'm in a dark room.

3f38e192-7477-4fa3-bcaa-43990d740bcb-0
00:36:40.880 --> 00:36:44.563
And my, you know, my,
my phone is just in my face like a

3f38e192-7477-4fa3-bcaa-43990d740bcb-1
00:36:44.563 --> 00:36:49.796
flashlight or when I'm in a living room
and the lights are like high noon that I

3f38e192-7477-4fa3-bcaa-43990d740bcb-2
00:36:49.796 --> 00:36:52.640
am also having a physical reaction to
that.

7c9fba08-9caf-4303-a618-c8781e1d7761-0
00:36:53.440 --> 00:36:57.840
So fireflies can make light inside of
their bodies.

92392c4c-6f63-4093-aa11-783bcaade819-0
00:36:57.840 --> 00:36:59.000
That's fantastic.

d48fcc75-00db-4efb-9383-8ae9ff8455ab-0
00:36:59.040 --> 00:37:03.120
We marvel over that reality,
and it's wondrous.

6815a7c9-975b-4919-8470-b0b43843ea92-0
00:37:03.680 --> 00:37:09.034
But I came to understand it's also pretty
wondrous that humans,

6815a7c9-975b-4919-8470-b0b43843ea92-1
00:37:09.034 --> 00:37:14.640
we are the only species that can make
light outside of our bodies.

63a6013f-f59a-45a8-8af2-cfe3a5e28584-0
00:37:15.280 --> 00:37:20.629
So we have this incredible, you know,
skill that we have developed on Create

63a6013f-f59a-45a8-8af2-cfe3a5e28584-1
00:37:20.629 --> 00:37:21.880
Light, Make light.

bd9d95f7-647d-435d-9bac-0e1a7eb5b57c-0
00:37:22.240 --> 00:37:27.833
And we're kind of at a point now where we
just can't get enough light,

bd9d95f7-647d-435d-9bac-0e1a7eb5b57c-1
00:37:27.833 --> 00:37:32.640
but we have within our power the ability
to turn lights off.

cbd6a6ee-640c-4e35-8fe0-6f9b85ac0d03-0
00:37:33.200 --> 00:37:40.497
This is a rare environmental issue that
can be addressed pretty much immediately

cbd6a6ee-640c-4e35-8fe0-6f9b85ac0d03-1
00:37:40.497 --> 00:37:43.200
with pretty immediate results.

c43b505b-19ed-4a3b-8f30-282025b074ff-0
00:37:43.560 --> 00:37:49.710
So even though it is a growing concern,
it is a concern that we have the power to

c43b505b-19ed-4a3b-8f30-282025b074ff-1
00:37:49.710 --> 00:37:51.360
to do something about.

622779f0-3fac-44ee-8886-e76343e87211-0
00:37:52.120 --> 00:37:58.601
And so I tried overtime not to focus on
what artificial light takes away,

622779f0-3fac-44ee-8886-e76343e87211-1
00:37:58.601 --> 00:38:04.120
but to instead focus on what natural
darkness stands to offer.

a5c4589d-0124-462d-a189-312fc660b326-0
00:38:04.480 --> 00:38:08.240
Because natural darkness really does have
a lot to offer.

c8e13e49-9e93-4441-9e77-c421aebe09b9-0
00:38:09.120 --> 00:38:14.674
It's a resource, it's a richness,
it's a habitat that we have and again,

c8e13e49-9e93-4441-9e77-c421aebe09b9-1
00:38:14.674 --> 00:38:16.120
are quickly losing.

c431d857-d047-40db-b9ec-8ebc7d013fdf-0
00:38:16.760 --> 00:38:20.427
But my,
my hope is that night magic will lead to

c431d857-d047-40db-b9ec-8ebc7d013fdf-1
00:38:20.427 --> 00:38:26.040
conversations that will get people
thinking about this in a different way.

4d896710-02de-479e-99f5-6512ca9e0bb0-0
00:38:26.920 --> 00:38:32.456
Also, you know, as a, as a talking point,
as a starting point for,

4d896710-02de-479e-99f5-6512ca9e0bb0-1
00:38:32.456 --> 00:38:34.440
for large conversations.

2b06da6b-334a-4587-a164-5d70c8423924-0
00:38:34.440 --> 00:38:36.400
And I have no idea where they'll go.

069a6d75-6183-4c1b-b80b-0ce076631b35-0
00:38:36.800 --> 00:38:39.720
One of my neighbors and where I live,
neighbor.

8d766643-53df-427e-b05c-121f09620214-0
00:38:39.720 --> 00:38:42.880
She lives pretty far down the road,
but still counts as a neighbor.

64c3cbc5-5037-4853-bc68-84875de42b98-0
00:38:43.320 --> 00:38:46.350
But when I was writing the book,
she was like, oh,

64c3cbc5-5037-4853-bc68-84875de42b98-1
00:38:46.350 --> 00:38:49.023
I'm so glad you're writing this because
her,

64c3cbc5-5037-4853-bc68-84875de42b98-2
00:38:49.023 --> 00:38:53.717
another farmer across the road had just
put up a giant security light that was

64c3cbc5-5037-4853-bc68-84875de42b98-3
00:38:53.717 --> 00:38:55.440
shining into her living room.

c4554921-e83b-4c3b-bab4-d3b3fb40a42a-0
00:38:55.800 --> 00:38:57.825
She's like,
I just don't know how to talk to him

c4554921-e83b-4c3b-bab4-d3b3fb40a42a-1
00:38:57.825 --> 00:38:58.280
about this.

087e9fd9-8faf-4293-a976-894a5ddf6bb8-0
00:38:58.560 --> 00:39:04.697
And so I really tried to,
to write a book that would feel like an

087e9fd9-8faf-4293-a976-894a5ddf6bb8-1
00:39:04.697 --> 00:39:05.720
invitation.

bc047911-534c-436e-8a58-329190f52ee9-0
00:39:05.760 --> 00:39:08.160
So an invitation to explore.

fb831597-f52d-47f3-bb27-1ecfdacc50fc-0
00:39:08.400 --> 00:39:11.431
And I thought, OK,
I want to write a book that she could

fb831597-f52d-47f3-bb27-1ecfdacc50fc-1
00:39:11.431 --> 00:39:13.400
just slip into that farmer's mailbox.

71125c81-76ff-4999-963b-1fe579ff2616-0
00:39:13.640 --> 00:39:17.509
And I told that story at A at a book
event once and people came up afterwards

71125c81-76ff-4999-963b-1fe579ff2616-1
00:39:17.509 --> 00:39:21.280
and they had a little stack and they said,
OK, make this out to us, please.

613c7035-9e34-4d5a-92fb-a2d066605b69-0
00:39:21.280 --> 00:39:25.795
And then on this one,
can you just write to Don turn out the

613c7035-9e34-4d5a-92fb-a2d066605b69-1
00:39:25.795 --> 00:39:26.240
light?

e81ea12b-31db-4cf9-850e-0bf853f7e090-0
00:39:27.000 --> 00:39:28.360
And they had me sign it.

0e8af0da-5284-4f25-8b38-d4f612d67b3b-0
00:39:28.360 --> 00:39:31.400
They didn't sign it,
but they slipped it into Don's mailbox.

bcfc9e64-cbef-4728-9052-fc98129b2e14-0
00:39:31.400 --> 00:39:34.600
And I really hope that Don was receptive
to that.

daecda0f-37d2-48a7-9396-c4aa1c818a27-0
00:39:34.840 --> 00:39:39.000
But truly in general, this, you know,
this project,

daecda0f-37d2-48a7-9396-c4aa1c818a27-1
00:39:39.000 --> 00:39:45.240
this entire journey that I've been on
hopefully will serve as inspiration for

daecda0f-37d2-48a7-9396-c4aa1c818a27-2
00:39:45.240 --> 00:39:51.560
people to explore their own nightscape
and also just as an invitation to think

daecda0f-37d2-48a7-9396-c4aa1c818a27-3
00:39:51.560 --> 00:39:56.680
about darkness not as a foe,
but more as a friend to align with

daecda0f-37d2-48a7-9396-c4aa1c818a27-4
00:39:56.680 --> 00:39:57.400
darkness.

e1c698ee-e0f3-4641-807d-5ec05a683802-0
00:39:57.400 --> 00:39:59.600
Darkness is not something to push away.

5c00f4f2-a1a3-41ad-80e0-834590fa0fbe-0
00:39:59.880 --> 00:40:03.480
It's something that we can choose to
embrace.

487769b0-7477-465c-92fc-98d189ff3ee1-0
00:40:04.160 --> 00:40:08.829
And so I would love to,
to hear from you all and to answer

487769b0-7477-465c-92fc-98d189ff3ee1-1
00:40:08.829 --> 00:40:13.499
questions that you might have,
things that have, you know,

487769b0-7477-465c-92fc-98d189ff3ee1-2
00:40:13.499 --> 00:40:18.960
come up as I've been talking ideas and
thoughts that you might have.

6730a1ed-23fa-4570-8048-fa706073087a-0
00:40:18.960 --> 00:40:22.112
And hopefully over time,
this can support your,

6730a1ed-23fa-4570-8048-fa706073087a-1
00:40:22.112 --> 00:40:25.200
your studies and your good works in the
world.

afcb9f78-a55a-4f47-b5f0-c9317d3ca32b-0
00:40:25.200 --> 00:40:28.060
And,
and I would just love to hear from you

afcb9f78-a55a-4f47-b5f0-c9317d3ca32b-1
00:40:28.060 --> 00:40:28.320
all.

6f286705-c363-409e-a7e1-09b14048f395-0
00:40:37.160 --> 00:40:44.034
So just a quick reminder everyone to
please post your questions in the Q&amp;

6f286705-c363-409e-a7e1-09b14048f395-1
00:40:44.034 --> 00:40:48.000
A by clicking on the Q&amp;
A at the bottom.

abc55a6e-9203-4374-952d-1d5ef2e488da-0
00:41:10.880 --> 00:41:14.000
I don't know if Ryan has found some
questions in the audience.

268c2927-237f-4dc2-ba6e-a1f24f626750-0
00:41:53.680 --> 00:41:56.019
Ethel,
you just want to take the questions

268c2927-237f-4dc2-ba6e-a1f24f626750-1
00:41:56.019 --> 00:41:56.400
online.

a6afa985-99c3-48a8-9c4e-a17d671c74a4-0
00:42:01.120 --> 00:42:03.240
I'm not seeing any questions here.

3fd1e123-85dc-4ef5-b405-ef454e81bed2-0
00:42:12.100 --> 00:42:14.260
Jason, can you take care of the Q&amp;A?

4fd9d997-efe6-4d28-bce2-736787d5b528-0
00:42:31.840 --> 00:42:34.480
Derek, is the,
are people still hearing me right now?

331e48a3-b589-402f-8483-110d17a2eebb-0
00:42:37.360 --> 00:42:38.360
OK, let's try.

4c282135-c1d9-4a09-8817-f4a6c59234cf-0
00:42:38.360 --> 00:42:39.160
Can you hear me?

fbc14168-bab6-4cfd-9b19-85628bae36fe-0
00:42:39.240 --> 00:42:40.400
Can you hear me OK?

6d4ef3ee-ac1f-4361-81ee-3f73bcbb77ac-0
00:42:40.400 --> 00:42:40.800
Good.

5034d3c9-120c-4f0a-8a68-c483147752ca-0
00:42:41.200 --> 00:42:43.840
I would just switch mechanisms.

0ef3654a-1c13-4710-ac61-7a469d3bed0a-0
00:42:44.120 --> 00:42:48.592
So one question from Sydney was what do
you think are the easiest,

0ef3654a-1c13-4710-ac61-7a469d3bed0a-1
00:42:48.592 --> 00:42:53.465
most impactful changes that we can make
that would help us start our own

0ef3654a-1c13-4710-ac61-7a469d3bed0a-2
00:42:53.465 --> 00:42:54.200
nightscape?

2d69fce2-4030-493d-bc50-f1a9e0d185e1-0
00:42:56.440 --> 00:42:57.560
It's a great question.

a43764db-20ba-44d6-9202-e48f896fabaa-0
00:42:57.960 --> 00:43:02.842
And so Dark Sky International is a really
great resource if you would like to you

a43764db-20ba-44d6-9202-e48f896fabaa-1
00:43:02.842 --> 00:43:05.105
know,
look at some specific lists and

a43764db-20ba-44d6-9202-e48f896fabaa-2
00:43:05.105 --> 00:43:05.759
guidelines.

e8afb371-0f95-4619-a3d5-3f70a7fe2c83-0
00:43:06.040 --> 00:43:12.214
They have suggestions on types of
fixtures that you can use outdoors that

e8afb371-0f95-4619-a3d5-3f70a7fe2c83-1
00:43:12.214 --> 00:43:13.800
that direct lights.

79dc0fbb-5f37-4f96-afaa-45d45a1c95da-0
00:43:14.600 --> 00:43:20.501
I personally think that one of the most
important changes that can be made is

79dc0fbb-5f37-4f96-afaa-45d45a1c95da-1
00:43:20.501 --> 00:43:25.495
switching from blue Spectra light bulbs
to warm tone light bulbs,

79dc0fbb-5f37-4f96-afaa-45d45a1c95da-2
00:43:25.495 --> 00:43:27.159
particularly outdoors.

e550a511-105d-407e-804a-3faa7f5be29a-0
00:43:27.600 --> 00:43:32.017
So if you use, you know,
like an amber or a red light bulb

e550a511-105d-407e-804a-3faa7f5be29a-1
00:43:32.017 --> 00:43:37.184
outdoors on your porch light,
it's it's much less disruptive than a,

e550a511-105d-407e-804a-3faa7f5be29a-2
00:43:37.184 --> 00:43:39.880
a light bulb that uses blue Spectra.

8c9679db-5a9d-49ab-926a-01038b11e3d2-0
00:43:39.880 --> 00:43:43.541
And again, you know,
in my life and in my house,

8c9679db-5a9d-49ab-926a-01038b11e3d2-1
00:43:43.541 --> 00:43:46.680
I've even moved to using those warm tones.

62c9562c-76d4-4b70-aa2d-82689c23aed4-0
00:43:46.680 --> 00:43:50.729
I have specific lamps that I use indoors
that after dark,

62c9562c-76d4-4b70-aa2d-82689c23aed4-1
00:43:50.729 --> 00:43:54.919
I switch to those warm tones indoors as
well because again,

62c9562c-76d4-4b70-aa2d-82689c23aed4-2
00:43:54.919 --> 00:43:58.479
it doesn't affect human Physiology as
much either.

b57a4eb2-42e7-4d89-96fa-000425532ad4-0
00:43:58.480 --> 00:44:02.744
So, you know,
melatonin is we're not able to produce

b57a4eb2-42e7-4d89-96fa-000425532ad4-1
00:44:02.744 --> 00:44:09.343
melatonin for sleep as as easily and and
when exposed to blue tone bloom spectral

b57a4eb2-42e7-4d89-96fa-000425532ad4-2
00:44:09.343 --> 00:44:12.160
light as we are those warmer tones.

1af1d7eb-21a1-4f7a-81ca-646a7030372b-0
00:44:12.160 --> 00:44:15.080
They just don't disrupt natural cycles as
much.

8beb6526-44ef-45bc-a843-dc399d14d5ee-0
00:44:15.080 --> 00:44:18.971
So use of, of warm tone bulbs, they're,
you know,

8beb6526-44ef-45bc-a843-dc399d14d5ee-1
00:44:18.971 --> 00:44:23.720
guidelines for different fixtures that
can be used outdoors.

f2841d24-6442-4642-8e61-e1e91c05076f-0
00:44:23.720 --> 00:44:27.280
I think those are pretty immediate things
that can be done.

fc583b26-69d7-4014-8bb0-54dfeeadc3e3-0
00:44:27.320 --> 00:44:35.600
And also just to start the experience of,
of experiencing darkness wherever you are.

aa6651cf-640f-4107-a378-485e9efd924c-0
00:44:35.600 --> 00:44:39.308
You know, sometimes people say, oh,
I live in a place that, you know,

aa6651cf-640f-4107-a378-485e9efd924c-1
00:44:39.308 --> 00:44:43.600
it's hard to find darkness and I'm like,
you can even start in your own bedroom.

90ad6d9a-a386-4296-a91d-2140ea170966-0
00:44:43.920 --> 00:44:48.379
I, I found that over time,
once I started becoming more aware of

90ad6d9a-a386-4296-a91d-2140ea170966-1
00:44:48.379 --> 00:44:53.730
these lights, you know, kind of sit,
sit in your bedroom in darkness and take

90ad6d9a-a386-4296-a91d-2140ea170966-2
00:44:53.730 --> 00:44:56.200
inventory of lights in your bedroom.

bfc64a04-7ef1-4706-a19f-f42e8435c8c0-0
00:44:56.440 --> 00:45:01.108
And I think you'll find probably as I did,
that, you know, there were all of these,

bfc64a04-7ef1-4706-a19f-f42e8435c8c0-1
00:45:01.108 --> 00:45:02.720
you know, lights on chargers.

11e7b72f-02f1-4da1-9727-06282a9d69d7-0
00:45:02.720 --> 00:45:06.360
There were tiny lights everywhere that I
ended up.

8638f256-fb86-461f-ab41-17bd7ff1c530-0
00:45:06.360 --> 00:45:11.163
I, I used like, you know,
electrical or painters tape sometimes to

8638f256-fb86-461f-ab41-17bd7ff1c530-1
00:45:11.163 --> 00:45:16.899
cover those and also just to experience
in your own yard, like from your porch,

8638f256-fb86-461f-ab41-17bd7ff1c530-2
00:45:16.899 --> 00:45:21.201
from your backyard,
like the darkest places you can find to

8638f256-fb86-461f-ab41-17bd7ff1c530-3
00:45:21.201 --> 00:45:25.360
start to acclimate to kind of re
acclimate to that space.

e8a40a2c-5991-4e91-b87c-3f7d9129d267-0
00:45:25.840 --> 00:45:32.766
And you know, to look, to listen,
to avoid looking at your phone or screens

e8a40a2c-5991-4e91-b87c-3f7d9129d267-1
00:45:32.766 --> 00:45:34.680
for a period of time.

a57a5e7f-5965-4af8-8753-65671062e170-0
00:45:34.680 --> 00:45:37.840
I mean,
having someone sit outside in the dark by

a57a5e7f-5965-4af8-8753-65671062e170-1
00:45:37.840 --> 00:45:41.885
themselves is countercultural,
but there really are some really

a57a5e7f-5965-4af8-8753-65671062e170-2
00:45:41.885 --> 00:45:44.920
wonderful things to be gained by by doing
that.

e8ec1bf0-de19-44fb-b58a-48a24fb4e2f5-0
00:45:48.400 --> 00:45:48.760
Thank you.

c5d47525-cd36-41fe-ba0c-9e3a3c384402-0
00:45:49.080 --> 00:45:52.302
Related question is,
do you ever have a fear of being in

c5d47525-cd36-41fe-ba0c-9e3a3c384402-1
00:45:52.302 --> 00:45:53.320
complete darkness?

cd2997b4-4622-4f67-aa7c-1c862b0b7d5c-0
00:45:54.680 --> 00:45:55.480
Yes.

b2cf3d3e-d1f7-4ee3-8df4-fd78c81b2a10-0
00:45:56.160 --> 00:46:00.606
So I think that the fear,
I would say that that fear has lessened

b2cf3d3e-d1f7-4ee3-8df4-fd78c81b2a10-1
00:46:00.606 --> 00:46:01.280
over time.

b8c0bb49-af09-463d-8649-bddd49b54024-0
00:46:01.280 --> 00:46:07.738
And part of that for me really has been
getting to know my neighbors in a sense,

b8c0bb49-af09-463d-8649-bddd49b54024-1
00:46:07.738 --> 00:46:11.804
you know,
I I deer huffing in the dark is actually

b8c0bb49-af09-463d-8649-bddd49b54024-2
00:46:11.804 --> 00:46:13.240
really terrifying.

0d6ece31-7a67-4db1-913c-c62363bf699d-0
00:46:13.560 --> 00:46:18.800
Spoiler alert again, if you read the book,
I do have a close encounter with a bobcat.

f8fb9e01-dff6-4bf8-8ae0-f1383b8fb416-0
00:46:19.800 --> 00:46:22.931
So it's just, it's just nervous, you know,
it's,

f8fb9e01-dff6-4bf8-8ae0-f1383b8fb416-1
00:46:22.931 --> 00:46:26.000
it's easy to get nervous when you step
outside.

1e3103ab-2cca-428c-b866-68cd2b1d1ed9-0
00:46:26.000 --> 00:46:31.600
I have travelled around the world,
I've taken trips around the world solo.

f0e677db-3891-4f38-a30a-2b408753b6a1-0
00:46:31.920 --> 00:46:37.160
But for me to even go outside in my own
neighborhood now and complete darkness.

c41e32c7-6f9e-4b8f-83c2-eebe31e7f1a0-0
00:46:37.160 --> 00:46:40.840
I'm like, hey guys,
anybody want to take a walk with me?

10beeca0-3842-48c8-acb1-c2216211f35f-0
00:46:41.440 --> 00:46:44.400
Because there is that feeling of safety
in numbers.

aa910552-950e-404c-9a37-f91188f013f0-0
00:46:45.080 --> 00:46:47.320
But I I still get nervous.

53d15cf2-e85f-46a3-834e-9e7de456d4ac-0
00:46:47.680 --> 00:46:52.629
But now that I know the voices again of
these creatures around me,

53d15cf2-e85f-46a3-834e-9e7de456d4ac-1
00:46:52.629 --> 00:46:54.920
it's helped me be less fearful.

0ab4eb13-26fd-4b71-96da-061d594b2271-0
00:46:54.920 --> 00:46:59.828
And I realized over time, you know,
I didn't recognize the voice of a screech

0ab4eb13-26fd-4b71-96da-061d594b2271-1
00:46:59.828 --> 00:47:00.080
owl.

ad8a60c1-fc94-4127-8379-121ba20f4a6e-0
00:47:00.080 --> 00:47:02.040
But now it's like, oh,
there's the screech owl.

910d36d5-cccd-4fe2-9637-451eb6fa0323-0
00:47:02.280 --> 00:47:04.074
You know,
I didn't know what the huff of a deer

910d36d5-cccd-4fe2-9637-451eb6fa0323-1
00:47:04.074 --> 00:47:04.560
sounded like.

cc3ffeb1-f639-43d0-b052-eed2ff06a74f-0
00:47:04.640 --> 00:47:05.400
Now I do.

4ff89a3c-33e4-4a77-93af-8a0d92fc08c2-0
00:47:06.120 --> 00:47:12.703
So I I gained awareness and it's made me
a lot less nervous about being in the

4ff89a3c-33e4-4a77-93af-8a0d92fc08c2-1
00:47:12.703 --> 00:47:13.120
dark.

dbbff514-5d03-48a9-b7fc-366015dfc9d7-0
00:47:15.120 --> 00:47:15.600
Thank you.

dbb02fde-1224-498f-8ef2-d11c084d3ae6-0
00:47:16.480 --> 00:47:17.360
Olivia asked.

12d0a307-0b48-4b68-bf01-21749498ac3e-0
00:47:17.360 --> 00:47:20.880
How can we as students work to reduce
light pollution?

c9df99d9-4e17-4927-98a4-1bbc3624b9e7-0
00:47:22.840 --> 00:47:24.600
Thanks for asking that, Olivia.

3cc54947-0dd3-495e-8f54-77b9049bd2e1-0
00:47:25.800 --> 00:47:29.711
I, you know,
I think that it can start in your own

3cc54947-0dd3-495e-8f54-77b9049bd2e1-1
00:47:29.711 --> 00:47:33.240
life,
taking inventory of how you use lights.

5cf2cebc-7a01-4986-8c18-df911b79bab7-0
00:47:33.720 --> 00:47:37.834
Then it can be like, you know,
sharing with friends about how they use

5cf2cebc-7a01-4986-8c18-df911b79bab7-1
00:47:37.834 --> 00:47:38.240
lights.

0cea7b7e-8939-445e-b107-5c99e836c721-0
00:47:38.240 --> 00:47:45.077
And again, you know, in my entire journey,
my process in in night magic and I

0cea7b7e-8939-445e-b107-5c99e836c721-1
00:47:45.077 --> 00:47:49.722
continually, I,
I love this concept that people were

0cea7b7e-8939-445e-b107-5c99e836c721-2
00:47:49.722 --> 00:47:55.420
getting excited to experiencing,
to experience things that I was

0cea7b7e-8939-445e-b107-5c99e836c721-3
00:47:55.420 --> 00:47:56.560
experiencing.

baedcdad-fbeb-4964-9379-67576e722f20-0
00:47:56.880 --> 00:48:01.462
So I think engaging people in a way where
it makes like, makes it exciting,

baedcdad-fbeb-4964-9379-67576e722f20-1
00:48:01.462 --> 00:48:05.080
like you can create like mini quest to
appreciate the dark.

aaba9804-a2b6-4b4b-a48a-7d0b079493c7-0
00:48:05.480 --> 00:48:08.952
I think that actually matters a lot
because again,

aaba9804-a2b6-4b4b-a48a-7d0b079493c7-1
00:48:08.952 --> 00:48:13.855
what I found is people not so much
responding to the negatives of light

aaba9804-a2b6-4b4b-a48a-7d0b079493c7-2
00:48:13.855 --> 00:48:17.464
pollution,
but rather the positives and this idea of

aaba9804-a2b6-4b4b-a48a-7d0b079493c7-3
00:48:17.464 --> 00:48:22.094
discovery and curiosity about
appreciating the dark and starting to

aaba9804-a2b6-4b4b-a48a-7d0b079493c7-4
00:48:22.094 --> 00:48:23.320
love the darkness.

b8651b38-ef59-4e0f-a338-95b99cf2bf64-0
00:48:23.320 --> 00:48:28.148
And I think until we really can think of
darkness not as a void,

b8651b38-ef59-4e0f-a338-95b99cf2bf64-1
00:48:28.148 --> 00:48:33.348
not as something to be avoided,
but rather as like a habitat and this

b8651b38-ef59-4e0f-a338-95b99cf2bf64-2
00:48:33.348 --> 00:48:37.805
cornucopia of life,
we can't really understand why it would

b8651b38-ef59-4e0f-a338-95b99cf2bf64-3
00:48:37.805 --> 00:48:39.960
be important to, to preserve.

8bea96be-e2e9-4a64-add7-4e0c290cb3fd-0
00:48:40.680 --> 00:48:42.840
So there's that personal aspect.

567a700b-5aea-4e28-9055-18b352e7fdcf-0
00:48:42.840 --> 00:48:47.650
And then also just on a,
on an institutional level or communal

567a700b-5aea-4e28-9055-18b352e7fdcf-1
00:48:47.650 --> 00:48:51.391
level, you know,
once you start looking into it,

567a700b-5aea-4e28-9055-18b352e7fdcf-2
00:48:51.391 --> 00:48:56.048
thinking about it,
just sharing that conversation, you know,

567a700b-5aea-4e28-9055-18b352e7fdcf-3
00:48:56.048 --> 00:49:00.324
we can look at who,
who makes the decisions about light

567a700b-5aea-4e28-9055-18b352e7fdcf-4
00:49:00.324 --> 00:49:04.523
fixtures, who,
who makes the decisions about what type

567a700b-5aea-4e28-9055-18b352e7fdcf-5
00:49:04.523 --> 00:49:06.280
of bulbs are purchased?

abcf12df-b56e-4e26-b18a-db71832c09d3-0
00:49:06.280 --> 00:49:10.720
Because, you know,
you have a town that changes all of their

abcf12df-b56e-4e26-b18a-db71832c09d3-1
00:49:10.720 --> 00:49:13.560
bulbs from blue light to a amber light.

e47be9a0-2022-4a80-844d-f13c4953c9e7-0
00:49:13.680 --> 00:49:19.720
It's, it's a huge positive impact for,
for an area.

f0c18b0d-9597-4fda-bd47-322a71cdde0a-0
00:49:20.360 --> 00:49:24.913
So those things can make changes and
finding out who makes those decisions can

f0c18b0d-9597-4fda-bd47-322a71cdde0a-1
00:49:24.913 --> 00:49:25.720
be meaningful.

2497c44f-093f-4cb5-8bfe-82d5aca6b73a-0
00:49:25.720 --> 00:49:29.454
I think one,
one of my great honors is people who have

2497c44f-093f-4cb5-8bfe-82d5aca6b73a-1
00:49:29.454 --> 00:49:34.479
gotten copies of Night Magic to share
with their county commissioners or,

2497c44f-093f-4cb5-8bfe-82d5aca6b73a-2
00:49:34.479 --> 00:49:39.640
you know, people, local Park Rangers,
people who, who have vested interest.

01aa7ab4-2d52-4156-8d85-551733a40f65-0
00:49:40.240 --> 00:49:46.482
So I I think just getting people excited,
getting yourself excited and having ways

01aa7ab4-2d52-4156-8d85-551733a40f65-1
00:49:46.482 --> 00:49:52.047
to to raise conversations locally and to
look at what's needed locally is

01aa7ab4-2d52-4156-8d85-551733a40f65-2
00:49:52.047 --> 00:49:52.800
important.

9985206f-ea1e-4e0a-8f1e-224f3c573ab7-0
00:49:55.480 --> 00:49:59.600
Herbert asked a question definitely
related to Dawin Festival Week.

3009ae8a-f02e-4a93-93a9-1d2c61b85543-0
00:49:59.960 --> 00:50:04.726
From an evolutionary standpoint,
what selective advantage is there to be a

3009ae8a-f02e-4a93-93a9-1d2c61b85543-1
00:50:04.726 --> 00:50:05.680
light producer?

520b5804-11a7-4c4e-b951-6f13c44d63cf-0
00:50:08.560 --> 00:50:13.569
I love this and I actually I I was
thinking another one to bring up with

520b5804-11a7-4c4e-b951-6f13c44d63cf-1
00:50:13.569 --> 00:50:15.560
drum festival moth evolution.

9599b0bd-e6ff-44da-b723-01b7e8ae9055-0
00:50:15.560 --> 00:50:20.363
But so, you know,
a lot of times scientists aren't exactly

9599b0bd-e6ff-44da-b723-01b7e8ae9055-1
00:50:20.363 --> 00:50:24.760
sure with with every species what the
advantages are.

42dd4572-7bbb-4181-adff-d45ce4b0b466-0
00:50:24.760 --> 00:50:30.197
But so for example, with foxfire,
with bioluminescent fungi, they,

42dd4572-7bbb-4181-adff-d45ce4b0b466-1
00:50:30.197 --> 00:50:36.040
they think that that attracts insects
that therefore can spread spores.

5188f9cd-9ad3-4eb3-abdc-530a7cc6fdff-0
00:50:36.720 --> 00:50:42.652
So there there are a lot of different
benefits for different species in in in

5188f9cd-9ad3-4eb3-abdc-530a7cc6fdff-1
00:50:42.652 --> 00:50:47.292
using lights again,
with glow worms a little bit tricky that

5188f9cd-9ad3-4eb3-abdc-530a7cc6fdff-2
00:50:47.292 --> 00:50:53.605
also they think that that might be a too
other insects into these little webs that

5188f9cd-9ad3-4eb3-abdc-530a7cc6fdff-3
00:50:53.605 --> 00:50:56.039
they spend a lot of drama there.

953d6cfa-754e-4b13-a3f8-dac69975393d-0
00:50:56.320 --> 00:51:01.608
And just another another thing that this
just made me think of that I wanted to

953d6cfa-754e-4b13-a3f8-dac69975393d-1
00:51:01.608 --> 00:51:02.600
bring up there.

8c431885-b482-4715-badc-9ebde5cfc45d-0
00:51:02.600 --> 00:51:10.032
There are studies that show that moths in
urban areas have actually started to they

8c431885-b482-4715-badc-9ebde5cfc45d-1
00:51:10.032 --> 00:51:11.360
have over time.

c06b955b-e7b5-489a-ac2b-38227b4e5ce3-0
00:51:11.360 --> 00:51:14.107
They are,
they are not being as attracted to

c06b955b-e7b5-489a-ac2b-38227b4e5ce3-1
00:51:14.107 --> 00:51:19.113
artificial light as moths in rural areas
that have not been exposed to artificial

c06b955b-e7b5-489a-ac2b-38227b4e5ce3-2
00:51:19.113 --> 00:51:19.480
light.

f13b07dd-59eb-4aa7-a92b-726ed83279fa-0
00:51:19.480 --> 00:51:24.642
So there are these studies that are
showing that moths are beginning to

f13b07dd-59eb-4aa7-a92b-726ed83279fa-1
00:51:24.642 --> 00:51:28.800
generations are,
are beginning to alter the way that they

f13b07dd-59eb-4aa7-a92b-726ed83279fa-2
00:51:28.800 --> 00:51:34.680
respond to light, which is interesting,
interesting and an important silicon too.

d622920b-59e3-4141-86ed-a3ffd42eec01-0
00:51:34.680 --> 00:51:39.632
I, I, I like to just think, you know,
mods might survive by evolving to,

d622920b-59e3-4141-86ed-a3ffd42eec01-1
00:51:39.632 --> 00:51:44.245
to adjust to this light, but I,
I think overall we're just going to

d622920b-59e3-4141-86ed-a3ffd42eec01-2
00:51:44.245 --> 00:51:48.519
really benefit from lessening the
artificial light all around.

0bddd6d3-d04b-4b9b-9504-378716c3facf-0
00:51:50.240 --> 00:51:54.920
Ryan is in Vets Hall and I think he has a
couple of questions from students.

6c852678-67c7-47b5-850c-65fe39ea8a14-0
00:51:56.960 --> 00:52:01.700
So actually I'm I'll jump in and ask a
couple kind of sort of combine a couple

6c852678-67c7-47b5-850c-65fe39ea8a14-1
00:52:01.700 --> 00:52:02.480
of questions.

27b10160-f9c8-491e-9734-f6770409cb91-0
00:52:02.720 --> 00:52:07.656
One is from actually John Keenan,
who's the president of Salem State

27b10160-f9c8-491e-9734-f6770409cb91-1
00:52:07.656 --> 00:52:11.162
University,
asking what was the most luminescent

27b10160-f9c8-491e-9734-f6770409cb91-2
00:52:11.162 --> 00:52:12.880
Organism you have found?

777c9a90-52e4-4d4d-a46d-adb9812bd936-0
00:52:12.880 --> 00:52:17.381
And then I also wanted to throw in one of
our colleagues,

777c9a90-52e4-4d4d-a46d-adb9812bd936-1
00:52:17.381 --> 00:52:23.513
Dia Popolizio is watching with her six
year old son and would like to know how

777c9a90-52e4-4d4d-a46d-adb9812bd936-2
00:52:23.513 --> 00:52:25.920
you find all these cool things.

bd7d6e01-585d-43d5-af21-6be1de839bb9-0
00:52:29.080 --> 00:52:34.386
So John's question most luminescent,
you know, I actually,

bd7d6e01-585d-43d5-af21-6be1de839bb9-1
00:52:34.386 --> 00:52:40.501
in terms of actual brightness,
I glow worms are actually incredibly

bd7d6e01-585d-43d5-af21-6be1de839bb9-2
00:52:40.501 --> 00:52:42.840
bright for for their size.

4182bb82-c7a6-43fb-9fa4-70d349bb461a-0
00:52:42.920 --> 00:52:48.509
I so the the glow worms that I
specifically am writing about in the book

4182bb82-c7a6-43fb-9fa4-70d349bb461a-1
00:52:48.509 --> 00:52:53.026
are it's Ophelia for Tony and actually
found as far north,

4182bb82-c7a6-43fb-9fa4-70d349bb461a-2
00:52:53.026 --> 00:52:56.931
even found as far north as you know,
I Appalachia,

4182bb82-c7a6-43fb-9fa4-70d349bb461a-3
00:52:56.931 --> 00:53:00.760
Pennsylvania area and they are incredibly
bright.

61efc98b-d132-417f-8c2d-c5a74c565ac3-0
00:53:00.800 --> 00:53:02.760
They are incredibly understudied.

4ff8bf6a-4479-450b-bfd0-5fc37c6681a4-0
00:53:03.040 --> 00:53:07.041
There are some people,
the very few people doing research on

4ff8bf6a-4479-450b-bfd0-5fc37c6681a4-1
00:53:07.041 --> 00:53:09.600
these are actually medical researchers.

727d83dd-afdb-4110-a3d9-2686eef49978-0
00:53:09.600 --> 00:53:15.272
So there are, you know,
applications for for that bioluminescent

727d83dd-afdb-4110-a3d9-2686eef49978-1
00:53:15.272 --> 00:53:17.280
and medical procedures.

067853e2-b808-428a-8723-2659b34d2ffc-0
00:53:17.800 --> 00:53:24.682
But so glow worms are are the brightest,
brightest blue lumina since I should say

067853e2-b808-428a-8723-2659b34d2ffc-1
00:53:24.682 --> 00:53:28.040
they're like different categories there.

5966a24a-71dc-4d44-9fa6-464eab94be15-0
00:53:28.440 --> 00:53:36.057
And so how do I find these cool things to
look at in terms of our six year old

5966a24a-71dc-4d44-9fa6-464eab94be15-1
00:53:36.057 --> 00:53:37.600
audience member?

5c935e11-1fe4-4701-bbe4-0de46424121f-0
00:53:38.880 --> 00:53:45.070
I think that, well, first of all,
you have to just get curious and then you

5c935e11-1fe4-4701-bbe4-0de46424121f-1
00:53:45.070 --> 00:53:47.840
just have to start digging around.

6978f0e1-58bd-486b-a32c-9424ab89ec60-0
00:53:47.840 --> 00:53:49.560
You just have to start looking around.

51049727-7c4e-4a41-a407-935d6aa5db05-0
00:53:49.560 --> 00:53:54.201
And so that can mean like research that
you're doing, you know,

51049727-7c4e-4a41-a407-935d6aa5db05-1
00:53:54.201 --> 00:53:59.640
online searches that you're doing,
that can mean actually getting outside.

96c6dc00-15e7-47f4-ab1f-dde74c22bfc9-0
00:53:59.720 --> 00:54:03.713
And so you know,
now that I've told you that there are

96c6dc00-15e7-47f4-ab1f-dde74c22bfc9-1
00:54:03.713 --> 00:54:06.980
Firefly larvae,
sometimes called glow worms,

96c6dc00-15e7-47f4-ab1f-dde74c22bfc9-2
00:54:06.980 --> 00:54:10.682
that if you know a spot where there are
fireflies,

96c6dc00-15e7-47f4-ab1f-dde74c22bfc9-3
00:54:10.682 --> 00:54:14.240
then you now know that there are Firefly
larvae.

af7a4066-7fba-47fc-8abb-5f5762043213-0
00:54:14.240 --> 00:54:16.600
So there are little seeds of light on the
ground.

724ae545-ebe2-4e24-98cd-757e776a54d7-0
00:54:16.600 --> 00:54:21.040
So you can actually just go and try to
find these these larvae.

ed2f3126-0531-4ace-a475-626c15dafa81-0
00:54:21.920 --> 00:54:28.059
I would also say if I was sick and I was
looking for an interesting adventure

ed2f3126-0531-4ace-a475-626c15dafa81-1
00:54:28.059 --> 00:54:32.468
close to home,
I might look into getting a black light,

ed2f3126-0531-4ace-a475-626c15dafa81-2
00:54:32.468 --> 00:54:36.246
which I,
I write a little bit about this in the

ed2f3126-0531-4ace-a475-626c15dafa81-3
00:54:36.246 --> 00:54:36.639
book.

c9a43019-bb9a-4ad2-ae36-43e35272f42b-0
00:54:37.120 --> 00:54:42.152
So AUV flashlight,
so there are there are animals that that

c9a43019-bb9a-4ad2-ae36-43e35272f42b-1
00:54:42.152 --> 00:54:44.920
produce light are bioluminescent.

e2bdc8b5-017e-4bb9-ba26-21a591eef216-0
00:54:45.280 --> 00:54:49.300
So animals that hold light that can be
revealed with AUV light are

e2bdc8b5-017e-4bb9-ba26-21a591eef216-1
00:54:49.300 --> 00:54:50.200
biofluorescent.

0bf4726d-a325-4607-9d6a-f09c3c837b01-0
00:54:50.640 --> 00:54:54.083
And there are a lot of a lot of insects,
a lot of things,

0bf4726d-a325-4607-9d6a-f09c3c837b01-1
00:54:54.083 --> 00:54:58.357
a lot of living beings in your yard that
are biofluorescent that aren't

0bf4726d-a325-4607-9d6a-f09c3c837b01-2
00:54:58.357 --> 00:54:59.959
necessarily bioluminescent.

c833e6e2-a7f4-4af2-a436-391889069b0c-0
00:54:59.960 --> 00:55:04.200
But if you take AUV light,
you'll find you'll find things out there.

24901815-2374-40bb-85f7-b183fd746858-0
00:55:04.200 --> 00:55:08.677
And people are discovering all the time
that species we didn't know were

24901815-2374-40bb-85f7-b183fd746858-1
00:55:08.677 --> 00:55:13.400
biofluorescent actually are Flying
squirrels, for example, they had no idea.

8b7c78bf-9a96-4d25-a255-6137001b107e-0
00:55:13.400 --> 00:55:16.610
But if you shine AUV flashlight on a
flying squirrel,

8b7c78bf-9a96-4d25-a255-6137001b107e-1
00:55:16.610 --> 00:55:20.000
they're fluorescent pink because they're
biofluorescent.

da5c4a69-16e0-4a0a-9895-b97aa14789ad-0
00:55:20.000 --> 00:55:24.588
We just learned this because never before
had someone taken AUV light to to see

da5c4a69-16e0-4a0a-9895-b97aa14789ad-1
00:55:24.588 --> 00:55:26.080
what they might look like.

fd9b2972-80ab-458d-87cf-9cc91c12f7ab-0
00:55:26.080 --> 00:55:29.221
But caterpillars,
there are a lot of Caterpillar species

fd9b2972-80ab-458d-87cf-9cc91c12f7ab-1
00:55:29.221 --> 00:55:31.040
that will show up under UV light.

737df38f-f44f-400e-ba1c-7d27fb488411-0
00:55:31.440 --> 00:55:32.360
And that's a lot of fun.

612d6eee-5271-4f11-8fef-8c6ac42c2621-0
00:55:32.360 --> 00:55:36.678
But again, so specific to where you are,
you, you know,

612d6eee-5271-4f11-8fef-8c6ac42c2621-1
00:55:36.678 --> 00:55:40.919
start digging around and maybe you know,
mass Audubon,

612d6eee-5271-4f11-8fef-8c6ac42c2621-2
00:55:40.919 --> 00:55:45.160
look into the the vernal pool programs
that they have.

5ab2ac92-c3d5-4001-b367-324bde7dfb2e-0
00:55:45.840 --> 00:55:50.920
If you start looking around,
you will find some really cool stuff.

ffbe545b-7b0f-4e04-bb21-3d81fc0098de-0
00:55:50.920 --> 00:55:51.520
I promise.

2dbef2ae-7aab-4219-8bf3-62e121fc9913-0
00:55:52.000 --> 00:55:52.720
I promise.

eb3f0714-aca6-43a7-8c54-6915157ea137-0
00:55:52.720 --> 00:55:55.440
I am not afraid to make that promise.

5849c457-eaa5-4ed1-8b9f-1fd7bbf1c29a-0
00:55:56.240 --> 00:55:58.040
I'm committed to to that.

b407a6c7-ac39-46f5-acb3-0c5c9b42b90c-0
00:55:58.280 --> 00:56:03.476
If you if you experience the night world,
you will also find some unexpected cool

b407a6c7-ac39-46f5-acb3-0c5c9b42b90c-1
00:56:03.476 --> 00:56:03.920
things.

01104e9a-2071-4230-8c24-3d05a8bd2dc1-0
00:56:07.400 --> 00:56:10.080
I think we just have time for one more
question.

00c3804e-f173-4e50-8f66-fda25d7ca537-0
00:56:10.800 --> 00:56:10.920
Sure.

6ed64da6-d698-46d3-b06a-30f2ba7a4de6-0
00:56:11.960 --> 00:56:12.080
Yeah.

7755d23c-2607-4f98-a008-7d154dd9d327-0
00:56:13.160 --> 00:56:20.897
So Cesar or Cesar wants to know where are
the majority of fireflies in the country

7755d23c-2607-4f98-a008-7d154dd9d327-1
00:56:20.897 --> 00:56:24.720
Would like they would like to visit them.

2651c567-329a-43c9-bd95-dd3121852e4d-0
00:56:26.480 --> 00:56:30.088
Well,
fireflies are all over North America like

2651c567-329a-43c9-bd95-dd3121852e4d-1
00:56:30.088 --> 00:56:34.600
East Coast, Midwest,
really great places to find fireflies.

429e43a6-de3b-40b5-a33c-02d67565c6f4-0
00:56:35.200 --> 00:56:38.426
If you're looking to see the synchronous
fireflies,

429e43a6-de3b-40b5-a33c-02d67565c6f4-1
00:56:38.426 --> 00:56:43.266
there are really specific pockets of
synchronous fireplays and there's there,

429e43a6-de3b-40b5-a33c-02d67565c6f4-2
00:56:43.266 --> 00:56:44.880
there really can be found.

f9e1fec1-c223-4492-acb7-c85504f3c6ae-0
00:56:44.880 --> 00:56:49.440
There is actually population again as far
north as Pennsylvania.

518bfb91-7236-4d7b-b5f1-32638fa61048-0
00:56:49.440 --> 00:56:54.174
So there are pockets of synchronous
fireflies along the East Coast,

518bfb91-7236-4d7b-b5f1-32638fa61048-1
00:56:54.174 --> 00:56:58.840
kind of that you can find kind of
following the Appalachian chain.

69d85f51-94e8-432a-9f70-7309f5e1af8e-0
00:56:59.160 --> 00:57:01.343
But again,
there are hundreds of species of

69d85f51-94e8-432a-9f70-7309f5e1af8e-1
00:57:01.343 --> 00:57:01.840
fireflies.

0e9ec2bc-d9d7-4227-9698-9080cfe7f050-0
00:57:02.080 --> 00:57:06.279
And if you have a have a spot,
if you have a friend who has a yard where

0e9ec2bc-d9d7-4227-9698-9080cfe7f050-1
00:57:06.279 --> 00:57:09.097
they're like, oh,
I've got fireflies in my yard,

0e9ec2bc-d9d7-4227-9698-9080cfe7f050-2
00:57:09.097 --> 00:57:13.239
Chances are if you have fireflies there,
you not only have one species,

0e9ec2bc-d9d7-4227-9698-9080cfe7f050-3
00:57:13.239 --> 00:57:15.080
you have multiple species there.

b81c07bf-a77f-4a80-ba36-35f545985a4a-0
00:57:15.400 --> 00:57:19.992
And every Firefly has a blink pattern
that is specific to its species,

b81c07bf-a77f-4a80-ba36-35f545985a4a-1
00:57:19.992 --> 00:57:21.480
just like fingerprints.

e64192dc-b06b-43be-bac9-06041c3b8b15-0
00:57:22.000 --> 00:57:25.720
The most common is the Big Dipper,
which actually makes a little J stroke.

693bc5e9-d0da-403f-84ee-f9638641ee93-0
00:57:25.720 --> 00:57:27.080
It looks like a Big Dipper.

425abd54-5375-4cf2-9a18-885d31ad59a8-0
00:57:27.520 --> 00:57:34.449
So if you set out to, to to witness that,
you probably will be able to my favorite

425abd54-5375-4cf2-9a18-885d31ad59a8-1
00:57:34.449 --> 00:57:41.044
Firefly just stuff what is called a blue
ghost and it's actually neon blue and

425abd54-5375-4cf2-9a18-885d31ad59a8-2
00:57:41.044 --> 00:57:43.800
they only blink every 60 seconds.

02a64f69-99ee-4699-ba59-1daf224e4e04-0
00:57:43.800 --> 00:57:47.933
So if you can find a population of blue
ghost fireflies that are concentrated in

02a64f69-99ee-4699-ba59-1daf224e4e04-1
00:57:47.933 --> 00:57:50.995
the Appalachians,
if you're standing among them, they just,

02a64f69-99ee-4699-ba59-1daf224e4e04-2
00:57:50.995 --> 00:57:54.160
that means that they're really,
they don't even really blink.

589f2117-c97c-41d3-898c-37af9bc38309-0
00:57:54.160 --> 00:57:57.926
They're just floating around you,
these little neon blue orbs floating

589f2117-c97c-41d3-898c-37af9bc38309-1
00:57:57.926 --> 00:57:59.200
around you like fairies.

3b36a7e6-b8bc-400a-954e-d1398927ead5-0
00:57:59.200 --> 00:58:00.480
It's fantastic.

20eb5898-fd18-4f77-91d8-150695c25132-0
00:58:01.240 --> 00:58:04.883
But you know, there,
there are there are different Firefly

20eb5898-fd18-4f77-91d8-150695c25132-1
00:58:04.883 --> 00:58:08.960
species all over the East Coast,
not very far from where you are.

b373d39a-06a6-483c-bcb7-5e014c1193dc-0
00:58:09.040 --> 00:58:12.960
And so I'm excited to think that Firefly
season is coming up.

43f0526d-de9b-406d-bfc6-53deb2367352-0
00:58:13.240 --> 00:58:18.404
So I hope you'll come up with a mini
quest and grab some friends and start

43f0526d-de9b-406d-bfc6-53deb2367352-1
00:58:18.404 --> 00:58:19.920
appreciating darkness.

478095b9-75b2-4f7a-bd4d-ae6707aad9aa-0
00:58:19.920 --> 00:58:23.322
And, you know,
back to the question of how to lessen

478095b9-75b2-4f7a-bd4d-ae6707aad9aa-1
00:58:23.322 --> 00:58:27.110
light pollution,
I think that getting people excited about

478095b9-75b2-4f7a-bd4d-ae6707aad9aa-2
00:58:27.110 --> 00:58:30.000
being in the dark plays a huge role in
that.

6451ada1-759c-4cc8-9d3a-bd5687da1048-0
00:58:30.720 --> 00:58:31.640
So have fun.

da56cc60-80c8-401f-ba41-29c106513150-0
00:58:34.320 --> 00:58:36.880
Thank you so much,
Leanne for a great talk.

48e1ba52-13ed-4973-92c7-5c5fddceeacb-0
00:58:38.240 --> 00:58:43.154
I just wanted to point out that in our
Q&amp;A on the webinar,

48e1ba52-13ed-4973-92c7-5c5fddceeacb-1
00:58:43.154 --> 00:58:47.289
there were multiple comments that weren't
questions,

48e1ba52-13ed-4973-92c7-5c5fddceeacb-2
00:58:47.289 --> 00:58:50.800
but just a representative of those
comments.

e78d3c09-bba4-4df5-8b48-7f8534e6b00f-0
00:58:50.800 --> 00:58:55.040
Jane said, I don't have a question,
but I thought your talk was so lovely.

aabcd5fd-888a-4b20-b27d-d146c298b5fd-0
00:58:55.040 --> 00:58:56.960
So thank you so much.

815e1edb-09b9-41f4-a5c4-971f16101826-0
00:58:56.960 --> 00:58:58.960
Thank you so much.

e5115dd4-7dcd-4cea-bbe6-85a2be51aa14-0
00:58:58.960 --> 00:59:00.160
Thank you for having me.

ffe33e1b-104c-48cd-8949-ae455a3ba03b-0
00:59:00.160 --> 00:59:01.480
I really appreciate it.