WEBVTT

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Good afternoon, Solmsted Community.

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My name is Morelia Morel Diaz and I'm the
President of the newly founded Salem

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State Sagness chapter.

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I have the honor of introducing Dr.

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Mikaela Martinez.

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Doctor Mikaela is a proud Chicana
ecologist and justice advocate.

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Doctor Martinez is the Director of
Environmental Health at We Act for

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Environmental Justice in New York City,
where she's responsible for advancing

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efforts to improve environmental health
in communities of color,

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low income communities by conducting
research promoting public health

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awareness, education, and advocacy.

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Dr.

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Martinez and her PhD in Ecology and
Evolution at the University of Michigan

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and completed her posterioral training at
Princeton University,

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Previously serving as the Assistant
Professor at Columbia University,

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Melman School of Public Health,
and Emory University from 2017 to 2023,

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Doctor Martinez was was supported by the
prestigious NHI Directors Early

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Independence Award.

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Her research has focused on infectious
diseases, ecology, social justice,

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climate change, infant health,
and environmental impacts on health.

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Her work has been fit.

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Doctor Martinez has also worked with
various environmental health committees

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to advocate for social justice and
environmental health.

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Doctor Martinez is currently leading the
We Ask Beer Inside Out campaign and she's

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on the Advisory Board committee for the
Black Beauty Project.

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Both projects cease to address the
problem toxic chemicals and beauty

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products,
particularly those that enforce Euro

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Secretary Peter Sanders and are marketed
towards women of color.

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Her talk today will be discussing how
structural racism impacts environmental

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exposures and health in the United States
and how we can center social justice to

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address climate change in other
environmental crisis.

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On that now, I'll pass it after Martinez.

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Thank you, thank you.

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Great.

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Thank you for having me and for that very
kind introduction.

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I appreciate it.

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This is actually my second time getting
to visit Salem State.

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I got to speak at the Darwin Festival
back in 2020,

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and I was delighted to see that I was
getting very invited.

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And this campus is very heartwarming to
me because it reminds me a lot of my

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undergrad campus,
which was the University of Alaska

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Southeast.

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And I'd really just,
I love the environment of, you know,

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more intimate undergrad settings where
you have faculty who know their students

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very well.

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I just find it to be very enriching and
I'm happy that I had that kind of

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undergrad experience.

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And so today I wanted to talk about some
of the work that I've been doing since

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I've started working with We Act for
Environmental Justice.

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So as Marilia mentioned,
I used to be an academic scientist.

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And then quite recently,
and also for all of the young people in

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the room,
sometimes you never know where your

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career is going to take you.

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If you would ask me two years ago if I
would ever leave academia and be working

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for a nonprofit organization,
I would have been like, no way.

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I could never even imagine such a thing.

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But life takes its turns,
and I had this opportunity to come and

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help expand out the research program for
an environmental justice organization

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right at the time where my lab was really
trying to expand their work on

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environmental justice.

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And I've made this transition and it's
just been such an amazing experience.

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So just want to talk to you a little bit
about the work that I've been doing at We

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Act for Environmental Justice.

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And first,
before we can start talking about

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environmental justice,
we kind of have to build up to

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understanding what justice is.

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And I really love this illustration
that's based off the the Giving Tree.

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So you see this tree here and you see the
two children that are standing under the

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tree and the child to the left has more
access to the fruit on that tree.

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That tree is leaning over in that child's
direction.

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There's more fruit growing on that side
of the tree.

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So you have one child who has this
opportunity to get the fruit and then the

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other child who is not having that same
opportunity.

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So this is what we call inequality.

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So there is unequal access to a resource.

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And then when we talk about equality,
equality at using this example would be

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if we recognize while these children need
to have access to this tree.

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So let's give them a tool to to increase,
allow them to increase their access,

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but we give them the same tool.

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So in this case,
you give them the same height ladder,

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which, yes, that increases the access,
but it doesn't fix the inequality because

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now the child on the left is easily able
to grab the apple.

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It doesn't have to wait for it to drop.

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But then the child on the right still has
the unequal access,

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even though they've been giving that,
given that tool.

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And then now this takes us to equity,
and especially on the college campuses,

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we hear a lot about diversity,
equity and inclusion.

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When we talk about equity,
then the equity framing says, OK, well,

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you acknowledge the fact that there was
unequal access and you make your tools to

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try to address the fact that there is
unequal access.

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So now in this case,
and if there was equity,

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we would give the child on the right a
taller ladder,

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acknowledging that they have to reach
higher for that apple.

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So that starts to fix the problem.

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But if you notice,
this tree is still bending over to the

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left and there's still more fruit growing
on the left.

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So even if you have an an equity kind of
framework and are adjusting your tools,

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it still hasn't fixed the root of the
problem.

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And that's where justice comes in.

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So justice is really focused on the
broken system.

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So in this case,
if we were to have a justice framing,

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then we would say, well,
that tree is bent over,

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the fruit is unequally distributed.

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So let's actually do some work on fixing
that tree.

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And so now you see in this case where
that tree has been fixed and now you see

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the that inequality has been addressed,
but not by giving using tools in terms of

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the different ladders,
but actually trying to fix the root cause.

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And so to be able to understand
environmental justice and actually just

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social justice in general,
we really have to think about structural

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racism,
because structural racism is that broken

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tree, it's that broken system.

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And so the definition of structural
racism that I like to use is the totality

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of ways in which societies foster racial,
racial discrimination via mutually

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reinforcing inequitable systems.

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And I underlined that part that says
mutually reinforcing inequitable systems.

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And the importantly,
and especially for any of you who have

3e3eb3f4-21ee-4232-a0b2-aec9b870e98c-1
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taken ecology classes,
how many of you have taken an ecology

3e3eb3f4-21ee-4232-a0b2-aec9b870e98c-2
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class?

a7a365f6-db3b-49e6-b3e0-08534897fb7a-0
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Raise your hand.

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OK, many of you.

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So in ecology,
we're used to thinking about how,

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let's say organisms or different aspects
of ecosystems influence one another.

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And sometimes those influences are in non
linear, non additive, not simple ways,

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but you can kind of have roundabout ways
that different species can influence each

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other or different components of the
ecosystem.

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And you can have systems that are
enforcing each other.

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So now kind of take those concept that
you concepts you've learned in biology

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and think about social systems,
how they can actually be impacting one

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00:08:11.364 --> 00:08:11.880
another.

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And so now I've included some of those
here.

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So community disinvestment.

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Community disinvestment is if you have,
let's say a city governance or a federal

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government that will invest more in one
area and not invest in another.

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So that one place has been disinvested in
differences in the criminal legal system

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depending on race and ethnicity and
poverty.

63743893-b01c-4615-91e0-d0d50596c114-0
00:08:38.120 --> 00:08:43.094
So you have over policing of communities
of colour and low income communities in

63743893-b01c-4615-91e0-d0d50596c114-1
00:08:43.094 --> 00:08:44.200
the United States.

246a709b-bbe3-4e18-bcc7-a68b06148ae0-0
00:08:44.200 --> 00:08:50.181
You have bad and now hopefully illegal
lending practices from banks that can

246a709b-bbe3-4e18-bcc7-a68b06148ae0-1
00:08:50.181 --> 00:08:56.396
discriminate against people of colour in
terms of home loans and can has helped

246a709b-bbe3-4e18-bcc7-a68b06148ae0-2
00:08:56.396 --> 00:08:58.959
generate this home ownership gap.

1bbcfcbc-fa22-422a-a668-7f83f7f5d36f-0
00:08:59.200 --> 00:09:03.519
So you can think about all these
different ways that racism can come into

1bbcfcbc-fa22-422a-a668-7f83f7f5d36f-1
00:09:03.519 --> 00:09:06.555
play in society,
whether that's through healthcare,

1bbcfcbc-fa22-422a-a668-7f83f7f5d36f-2
00:09:06.555 --> 00:09:10.757
policing, housing, education,
but none of those things are operating by

1bbcfcbc-fa22-422a-a668-7f83f7f5d36f-3
00:09:10.757 --> 00:09:11.400
themselves.

b1b53f97-7b3e-4da8-b84a-e1224468f2c8-0
00:09:11.400 --> 00:09:14.960
It's like an ecosystem where they can
reinforce each other,

b1b53f97-7b3e-4da8-b84a-e1224468f2c8-1
00:09:14.960 --> 00:09:16.800
whether directly or indirectly.

aa07db18-9ebe-4293-b0a2-35947c92e9e7-0
00:09:19.080 --> 00:09:22.601
And so now,
so that's what thinking about structural

aa07db18-9ebe-4293-b0a2-35947c92e9e7-1
00:09:22.601 --> 00:09:26.655
racism as a whole,
but environmental racism is the aspect of

aa07db18-9ebe-4293-b0a2-35947c92e9e7-2
00:09:26.655 --> 00:09:31.239
structural racism that's really
manifesting through our environment.

3032eba1-eadc-4f45-b213-fa1af1d91643-0
00:09:31.800 --> 00:09:36.811
And just to give you an A couple examples
of environmental racism in the United

3032eba1-eadc-4f45-b213-fa1af1d91643-1
00:09:36.811 --> 00:09:40.194
States and,
and we could spend all day coming up with

3032eba1-eadc-4f45-b213-fa1af1d91643-2
00:09:40.194 --> 00:09:43.639
examples both here in the US and also
internationally.

4ac22695-1eaa-4dae-9f02-4eaeb00f8c63-0
00:09:44.760 --> 00:09:50.580
But people of colour in the United States
are 61% more likely to live in a county

4ac22695-1eaa-4dae-9f02-4eaeb00f8c63-1
00:09:50.580 --> 00:09:54.200
with at least one failing grade for air
pollutant.

68a01d6b-52f0-4117-80d9-6ead691f5f4b-0
00:09:54.200 --> 00:09:59.350
So the EPA set standards to say what the
levels of air pollutants that air

68a01d6b-52f0-4117-80d9-6ead691f5f4b-1
00:09:59.350 --> 00:10:01.480
pollutants that are acceptable.

f90efee1-802d-4aac-b75d-a2c2c2a47ca3-0
00:10:01.880 --> 00:10:05.676
And if you're a person of color,
you're more likely to live in a place

f90efee1-802d-4aac-b75d-a2c2c2a47ca3-1
00:10:05.676 --> 00:10:07.280
that is going to have bad air.

4c58bc8f-c0f3-499a-b1ad-303db5408397-0
00:10:07.800 --> 00:10:12.267
And then one of the most kind of shocking
statistics and most,

4c58bc8f-c0f3-499a-b1ad-303db5408397-1
00:10:12.267 --> 00:10:16.592
some of the most shocking statistics
often come from asthma,

4c58bc8f-c0f3-499a-b1ad-303db5408397-2
00:10:16.592 --> 00:10:18.719
childhood asthma particularly.

7f7e9c4a-68ea-4574-958d-e658bfa2c1cb-0
00:10:19.080 --> 00:10:25.320
And so as of 2020, black children are 7.
6 times more likely to die of asthma

7f7e9c4a-68ea-4574-958d-e658bfa2c1cb-1
00:10:25.320 --> 00:10:27.480
compared to white children.

a4bfaa93-e177-41ac-93a0-8a4d8c38bec6-0
00:10:27.480 --> 00:10:31.647
Where I live in Harlem,
which is the upper part of Manhattan,

a4bfaa93-e177-41ac-93a0-8a4d8c38bec6-1
00:10:31.647 --> 00:10:34.806
and New York,
a predominantly black community,

a4bfaa93-e177-41ac-93a0-8a4d8c38bec6-2
00:10:34.806 --> 00:10:40.452
we have childhood asthma hospitalizations
that are over 20 times higher compared to

a4bfaa93-e177-41ac-93a0-8a4d8c38bec6-3
00:10:40.452 --> 00:10:44.015
the white affluent neighborhoods that are,
you know,

a4bfaa93-e177-41ac-93a0-8a4d8c38bec6-4
00:10:44.015 --> 00:10:47.040
just a mile away from us in lower
Manhattan.

6fd9b0cf-6188-45a0-a701-b774fae437db-0
00:10:47.280 --> 00:10:51.080
So you see these really stark disparities
when it comes to health.

eaf68ae2-8c6b-4512-bab6-96845d36e1c4-0
00:10:51.080 --> 00:10:54.965
And a lot of these things have to do with
the differences in the environments that

eaf68ae2-8c6b-4512-bab6-96845d36e1c4-1
00:10:54.965 --> 00:10:55.480
we live in.

fb83c182-78c8-4247-bf03-1a51ccf40243-0
00:10:56.520 --> 00:11:00.070
And one thing when you start talking
about environmental racism,

fb83c182-78c8-4247-bf03-1a51ccf40243-1
00:11:00.070 --> 00:11:03.840
people will often think, well,
doesn't this have to do with poverty?

55c87813-d92c-4966-b3c8-879356cc5009-0
00:11:03.840 --> 00:11:08.205
People of colour in the United States
tend to have lower income compared to

55c87813-d92c-4966-b3c8-879356cc5009-1
00:11:08.205 --> 00:11:09.240
white communities.

93f3b3cb-f1f3-4db0-800a-55b5b89f60d6-0
00:11:09.240 --> 00:11:10.640
That's because of pay gaps.

0c92318d-d767-4d1f-8602-0ec0ce333b0f-0
00:11:10.960 --> 00:11:16.420
That's because of all kinds of racist
practice and education and labour and

0c92318d-d767-4d1f-8602-0ec0ce333b0f-1
00:11:16.420 --> 00:11:18.720
workforce development, etcetera.

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-0
00:11:19.080 --> 00:11:24.408
But there have been a number of studies
to date and it's very consistently been

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-1
00:11:24.408 --> 00:11:29.337
found in the scientific literature that
even if you look at environmental

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-2
00:11:29.337 --> 00:11:34.799
conditions and compare Black and Latino
communities with white communities in the

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-3
00:11:34.799 --> 00:11:37.930
United States,
even if you control for income,

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-4
00:11:37.930 --> 00:11:42.259
like income differences,
you still see that communities of color

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-5
00:11:42.259 --> 00:11:46.988
are not experiencing the same
environments as their white counterparts

4032823a-92ec-4c66-89c2-d26b9cae90fc-6
00:11:46.988 --> 00:11:49.520
that are economically matched to them.

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-0
00:11:49.520 --> 00:11:53.204
So if you're a Black or Latino person in
the United States,

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-1
00:11:53.204 --> 00:11:56.214
and there's even more and more research
on this,

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-2
00:11:56.214 --> 00:11:59.591
also expanding to other communities,
Arab communities,

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-3
00:11:59.591 --> 00:12:02.723
AAPI communities in general,
communities of color,

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-4
00:12:02.723 --> 00:12:06.838
even if you make the same amount as a
person in a white community,

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-5
00:12:06.838 --> 00:12:11.505
your environment that you experience will
tend to be more degraded and more

87ebcba4-6fbe-4ce1-9a38-d013bf4dd211-6
00:12:11.505 --> 00:12:12.119
unhealthy.

04ba39d2-ceb8-4528-8e1d-6d09658888aa-0
00:12:15.640 --> 00:12:22.357
And so I mentioned to you about childhood
asthma and some of the work that we've

04ba39d2-ceb8-4528-8e1d-6d09658888aa-1
00:12:22.357 --> 00:12:27.581
been doing in New York is really to look
at and quantify what,

04ba39d2-ceb8-4528-8e1d-6d09658888aa-2
00:12:27.581 --> 00:12:34.298
what are the actual differences in terms
of the rates of various health outcomes

04ba39d2-ceb8-4528-8e1d-6d09658888aa-3
00:12:34.298 --> 00:12:39.440
across communities when you look based on
race and ethnicity.

1c704693-a922-4fe4-8f13-25bd62b6c814-0
00:12:40.440 --> 00:12:43.820
Because currently in the scientific
literature,

1c704693-a922-4fe4-8f13-25bd62b6c814-1
00:12:43.820 --> 00:12:49.383
usually what you'll see are data like
let's say for asthma, you would compare,

1c704693-a922-4fe4-8f13-25bd62b6c814-2
00:12:49.383 --> 00:12:52.482
well,
here's the prevalence of asthma among

1c704693-a922-4fe4-8f13-25bd62b6c814-3
00:12:52.482 --> 00:12:58.257
black, Latino Americans, white Americans,
and you can just see the differences in

1c704693-a922-4fe4-8f13-25bd62b6c814-4
00:12:58.257 --> 00:12:58.680
rates.

30e76d79-8176-4e4c-b356-eba068395a46-0
00:12:59.120 --> 00:13:03.536
But one thing is an ecologist,
and I think many of you can appreciate,

30e76d79-8176-4e4c-b356-eba068395a46-1
00:13:03.536 --> 00:13:08.325
is that it's also really to look at
things spatially and how things play out

30e76d79-8176-4e4c-b356-eba068395a46-2
00:13:08.325 --> 00:13:10.440
over space and across communities.

a6af3ca9-485e-4262-8ff5-73f6eb9c325c-0
00:13:10.440 --> 00:13:14.380
And we're really used to doing this among
like animal and plant communities,

a6af3ca9-485e-4262-8ff5-73f6eb9c325c-1
00:13:14.380 --> 00:13:18.320
but more and more trying to apply these
kinds of ideas to also human health.

b95ff3d1-0888-4a56-949c-9ab8b62ada70-0
00:13:18.840 --> 00:13:24.502
So what I plotted here on this X axis is
I've taken every neighborhood in New York

b95ff3d1-0888-4a56-949c-9ab8b62ada70-1
00:13:24.502 --> 00:13:29.756
City and I've plotted them based on the
percent of that community that's non

b95ff3d1-0888-4a56-949c-9ab8b62ada70-2
00:13:29.756 --> 00:13:32.962
white,
so essentially the percent of people of

b95ff3d1-0888-4a56-949c-9ab8b62ada70-3
00:13:32.962 --> 00:13:34.600
color in that community.

b7d620bb-b9af-4377-acbd-3cdef245d596-0
00:13:34.960 --> 00:13:40.974
So if you're here at 20,
then that means that this is a 80% white

b7d620bb-b9af-4377-acbd-3cdef245d596-1
00:13:40.974 --> 00:13:43.800
community, 20% people of color.

441061a0-c761-4c2c-bad7-16021a9abcf0-0
00:13:44.120 --> 00:13:47.225
And then as you go all the way over here
to 100,

441061a0-c761-4c2c-bad7-16021a9abcf0-1
00:13:47.225 --> 00:13:51.724
these are communities that we have in New
York City that are over 90%,

441061a0-c761-4c2c-bad7-16021a9abcf0-2
00:13:51.724 --> 00:13:54.640
close to 100% Black and Latino
predominantly.

eab4dff6-1d34-4345-a254-00fd353d2c17-0
00:13:55.320 --> 00:13:59.862
And then on the Y axis,
what I'm showing is the childhood asthma

eab4dff6-1d34-4345-a254-00fd353d2c17-1
00:13:59.862 --> 00:14:01.400
emergency room visits.

b41aa305-97b6-44f6-8c04-84df79a9207c-0
00:14:01.640 --> 00:14:04.640
And this is also taking into account the
number of children.

de9e2d0d-e7d5-4ef3-9039-156d99ef484d-0
00:14:05.080 --> 00:14:09.923
And So what you see as you move from the
predominantly white communities to the

de9e2d0d-e7d5-4ef3-9039-156d99ef484d-1
00:14:09.923 --> 00:14:14.645
predominantly communities of colour,
you have an exponentially higher rate of

de9e2d0d-e7d5-4ef3-9039-156d99ef484d-2
00:14:14.645 --> 00:14:16.280
childhood asthma ER visits.

63a76218-9f10-4c6f-a8a1-ceb8401e62cf-0
00:14:16.560 --> 00:14:19.760
And there's some points in there that are
in black and some that are in red.

0f86a59e-2191-47cc-8828-9f49d83513f1-0
00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:24.120
Those are just showing two different
years, 2018 and 2022.

00092b9d-ccf6-4eb0-9b7b-459030a82df0-0
00:14:25.240 --> 00:14:30.910
There had been a thought for a couple of
years that maybe the pandemic was going

00092b9d-ccf6-4eb0-9b7b-459030a82df0-1
00:14:30.910 --> 00:14:34.900
to, you know,
solve some of the childhood asthma issues,

00092b9d-ccf6-4eb0-9b7b-459030a82df0-2
00:14:34.900 --> 00:14:36.720
but it definitely did not.

35356e12-30c0-47a9-9c1e-14fff0885d94-0
00:14:36.720 --> 00:14:39.120
So we see this pattern is still holding
up.

662e23f4-9918-4d42-a9f6-64bddf052c4a-0
00:14:40.640 --> 00:14:47.120
And one thing that's really important to
know is these health outcomes that we can

662e23f4-9918-4d42-a9f6-64bddf052c4a-1
00:14:47.120 --> 00:14:50.634
see that are related to racial
demographics,

662e23f4-9918-4d42-a9f6-64bddf052c4a-2
00:14:50.634 --> 00:14:53.680
this plays out all across the lifespan.

b2f8c70a-f1e7-4f28-8bae-b63d8f264d82-0
00:14:53.800 --> 00:14:59.000
So what I've done is I've plotted other
health outcomes and kind of put them on a

b2f8c70a-f1e7-4f28-8bae-b63d8f264d82-1
00:14:59.000 --> 00:15:00.840
timeline based on life stage.

00b7e35a-4daa-4b51-a9e6-030167f55285-0
00:15:01.120 --> 00:15:04.240
So what I have here on the left is the
infant mortality rate.

dc3a814e-9c7a-4773-a8d6-ae08e1c6d6ba-0
00:15:04.240 --> 00:15:09.899
And you can see that significant increase
when you with significant increase in

dc3a814e-9c7a-4773-a8d6-ae08e1c6d6ba-1
00:15:09.899 --> 00:15:12.800
infant mortality in communities of color.

868ca087-4378-4e5c-9394-dfac55920f1f-0
00:15:13.240 --> 00:15:17.717
I have childhood obesity who have higher
rates in communities of color,

868ca087-4378-4e5c-9394-dfac55920f1f-1
00:15:17.717 --> 00:15:20.080
diabetes and then premature mortality.

1b40523a-5fd4-4e04-9bcf-38d0c18f7938-0
00:15:20.520 --> 00:15:25.752
So what this is to show you is that no
matter if it's from birth all the way to

1b40523a-5fd4-4e04-9bcf-38d0c18f7938-1
00:15:25.752 --> 00:15:28.891
death,
that we have these disparities in health

1b40523a-5fd4-4e04-9bcf-38d0c18f7938-2
00:15:28.891 --> 00:15:29.480
outcomes.

f63728d4-62b0-45b8-80d1-5d5d562cd671-0
00:15:29.800 --> 00:15:34.567
And that these disparities for all of the
diseases that I've shown you so far,

f63728d4-62b0-45b8-80d1-5d5d562cd671-1
00:15:34.567 --> 00:15:39.456
these are all health outcomes that are
highly influenced by the environment that

f63728d4-62b0-45b8-80d1-5d5d562cd671-2
00:15:39.456 --> 00:15:40.120
we live in.

4006656c-5895-4c4c-a77d-ca2296e45aff-0
00:15:40.360 --> 00:15:45.512
When we're talking about asthma,
childhood asthma is highly affected by

4006656c-5895-4c4c-a77d-ca2296e45aff-1
00:15:45.512 --> 00:15:46.800
exposure to pests.

cf378ce2-1a9b-4bf1-83e4-f577e1a5780a-0
00:15:46.800 --> 00:15:51.400
So if you have like mice or cockroaches
in the house, exposure to mold.

379e370c-4699-434c-b89c-21b56331618c-0
00:15:51.400 --> 00:15:54.285
So for homes that have water damage and
mold,

379e370c-4699-434c-b89c-21b56331618c-1
00:15:54.285 --> 00:15:57.360
exposure to air pollutants both inside
the home.

42ff4111-4c0b-403c-9cdf-bf76221cae31-0
00:15:57.360 --> 00:16:02.310
If you have a gas burning stove in your
home that releases air pollutants or you

42ff4111-4c0b-403c-9cdf-bf76221cae31-1
00:16:02.310 --> 00:16:06.650
live in a neighborhood that has high
outdoor air pollutants because of

42ff4111-4c0b-403c-9cdf-bf76221cae31-2
00:16:06.650 --> 00:16:10.195
trucking traffic,
all those things come together and they

42ff4111-4c0b-403c-9cdf-bf76221cae31-3
00:16:10.195 --> 00:16:12.640
are driving these these very high rates.

c1f250a9-23b2-4631-9494-1f1e82356a0d-0
00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:19.549
And so when I think of health disparities
such as the ones that I've shown you,

c1f250a9-23b2-4631-9494-1f1e82356a0d-1
00:16:19.549 --> 00:16:24.405
the way that I really like to
conceptualize them is thinking about an

c1f250a9-23b2-4631-9494-1f1e82356a0d-2
00:16:24.405 --> 00:16:24.960
oil rig.

58afc742-c827-4a92-9133-141a1496e054-0
00:16:25.320 --> 00:16:28.360
So here's a picture or illustration of a
oil rig.

c6700f04-19df-4cfe-a5fe-e92a391f7b2f-0
00:16:28.720 --> 00:16:31.728
And so an oil rig,
if you look over at a ocean and you see

c6700f04-19df-4cfe-a5fe-e92a391f7b2f-1
00:16:31.728 --> 00:16:35.399
where they're drilling for oil,
all you're going to see is like the rig

c6700f04-19df-4cfe-a5fe-e92a391f7b2f-2
00:16:35.399 --> 00:16:35.960
at the top.

eeeaa669-6060-4ecc-bbff-f90ff536d7ec-0
00:16:36.360 --> 00:16:39.798
And what you don't see,
and it's like this very ugly man made

eeeaa669-6060-4ecc-bbff-f90ff536d7ec-1
00:16:39.798 --> 00:16:40.520
thing, right?

dd5e36a3-3160-4433-8cb6-dd21a29ebfe6-0
00:16:41.240 --> 00:16:44.040
But what you don't see is underneath the
ocean,

dd5e36a3-3160-4433-8cb6-dd21a29ebfe6-1
00:16:44.040 --> 00:16:48.240
there's all this infrastructure for doing
that drilling and extraction.

20d5009e-0693-42e6-a76d-b36c2b54b54c-0
00:16:48.600 --> 00:16:53.305
And so this is how I think about these
health disparities we see at the top,

20d5009e-0693-42e6-a76d-b36c2b54b54c-1
00:16:53.305 --> 00:16:58.133
these man made health disparities like
these extreme rates of childhood asthma

20d5009e-0693-42e6-a76d-b36c2b54b54c-2
00:16:58.133 --> 00:16:59.600
and premature mortality.

55bde8d0-da9d-4fa4-bae5-23430b19a7f7-0
00:16:59.880 --> 00:17:04.351
But what's actually under the surface and
driving those is that environmental

55bde8d0-da9d-4fa4-bae5-23430b19a7f7-1
00:17:04.351 --> 00:17:08.880
racism and those disparities and the
differences in our Environmental Quality.

1fab61e9-bd56-4c17-8fbf-3d52c41d588f-0
00:17:09.800 --> 00:17:14.138
But just like an oil rig,
I think it's really important to note

1fab61e9-bd56-4c17-8fbf-3d52c41d588f-1
00:17:14.138 --> 00:17:16.240
that these are man made things.

a8b600dd-38f7-485b-81fc-d4ec9b697712-0
00:17:16.280 --> 00:17:18.840
And so the difference is in our
Environmental Quality.

81f25ec9-b1ab-4e9e-965c-b3047fae1044-0
00:17:18.840 --> 00:17:20.840
That is something that is man made.

fe1485ff-ba38-4331-9368-ef5feb3e0387-0
00:17:20.840 --> 00:17:24.200
It's construction constructed by our
societies and our policy.

03c3610f-fe3c-4e75-8f74-18288311e8e7-0
00:17:24.520 --> 00:17:26.539
So therefore,
that means it's something that can be

03c3610f-fe3c-4e75-8f74-18288311e8e7-1
00:17:26.539 --> 00:17:27.200
addressed, right?

4bdc36a1-073a-41d9-aec4-fec44c4e54ab-0
00:17:29.960 --> 00:17:33.227
And I'm actually going to skip through
that slide because I feel like it'll take

4bdc36a1-073a-41d9-aec4-fec44c4e54ab-1
00:17:33.227 --> 00:17:34.680
me a little too long to get through.

55584f8c-8795-4e6d-bbca-80431dc620e1-0
00:17:35.120 --> 00:17:40.664
But so two of the things that I wanted to
talk about today that I've been working

55584f8c-8795-4e6d-bbca-80431dc620e1-1
00:17:40.664 --> 00:17:45.871
at in my new position at We ACT is how
we're addressing racism in the beauty

55584f8c-8795-4e6d-bbca-80431dc620e1-2
00:17:45.871 --> 00:17:46.480
industry.

fa1c55fe-b9d7-4666-90d0-1cc998799981-0
00:17:46.480 --> 00:17:51.221
And then also some work we're doing
around community air monitoring and

fa1c55fe-b9d7-4666-90d0-1cc998799981-1
00:17:51.221 --> 00:17:56.160
trying to help address some of the issues
with air pollution that we have.

50d0a697-f77b-4fd5-accf-320ba10e62ac-0
00:17:57.880 --> 00:17:59.800
So let's get into it.

7d2b9ff9-b5ec-4472-b3db-612974bc638e-0
00:18:00.720 --> 00:18:03.320
OK,
so Beauty Justice and the name of the

7d2b9ff9-b5ec-4472-b3db-612974bc638e-1
00:18:03.320 --> 00:18:07.160
campaign that I run is called the Beauty
Inside Out Campaign.

0bd5d9f0-7f78-4412-a5e7-7d6fef35ec06-0
00:18:07.160 --> 00:18:10.961
And if any of you are interested,
we have like publicly open meetings once

0bd5d9f0-7f78-4412-a5e7-7d6fef35ec06-1
00:18:10.961 --> 00:18:13.800
a month at over Zoom,
which you're all welcome to join.

2344b200-ce6a-44d5-aad4-892c8771a462-0
00:18:14.400 --> 00:18:20.168
And so when it comes to beauty Justice,
so beauty Justice is really addressing 2

2344b200-ce6a-44d5-aad4-892c8771a462-1
00:18:20.168 --> 00:18:23.800
health harms that are done by the beauty
industry.

ca94fd4d-f2c0-4173-b9f2-f86fc838fcef-0
00:18:24.440 --> 00:18:27.855
One is like physical,
biological harm to our health that

ca94fd4d-f2c0-4173-b9f2-f86fc838fcef-1
00:18:27.855 --> 00:18:32.051
happens from exposure to toxic chemicals
that are in beauty products,

ca94fd4d-f2c0-4173-b9f2-f86fc838fcef-2
00:18:32.051 --> 00:18:36.306
which is very rampant in the United
States because we have very little

ca94fd4d-f2c0-4173-b9f2-f86fc838fcef-3
00:18:36.306 --> 00:18:40.860
federal regulation over the use of toxic
chemicals and cosmetics and beauty

ca94fd4d-f2c0-4173-b9f2-f86fc838fcef-4
00:18:40.860 --> 00:18:41.400
products.

d2fe0d28-a4a0-409c-aea4-fffe1a73ad69-0
00:18:41.400 --> 00:18:46.392
So when I talk about beauty products,
I'm also referring to personal care

d2fe0d28-a4a0-409c-aea4-fffe1a73ad69-1
00:18:46.392 --> 00:18:47.000
products.

5e273d5d-0efc-47ef-9ecc-e3591665847e-0
00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:51.989
So things like soap, lotion, shampoo,
hair conditioner,

5e273d5d-0efc-47ef-9ecc-e3591665847e-1
00:18:51.989 --> 00:18:59.207
there is very rampant and widespread use
of toxic chemicals in all these product

5e273d5d-0efc-47ef-9ecc-e3591665847e-2
00:18:59.207 --> 00:18:59.920
classes.

ca37d591-e5eb-4c30-a38c-bdfcfaaf7cd8-0
00:19:00.440 --> 00:19:04.614
And then when it comes to racism in the
beauty industry,

ca37d591-e5eb-4c30-a38c-bdfcfaaf7cd8-1
00:19:04.614 --> 00:19:10.254
the beauty industry in the United States,
and that I would say actually just

ca37d591-e5eb-4c30-a38c-bdfcfaaf7cd8-2
00:19:10.254 --> 00:19:16.040
globally has really been embedded in
Eurocentric white based beauty standards.

8b485b9b-de03-49b7-829d-2eeaa1693d80-0
00:19:16.400 --> 00:19:21.256
And there are a lot of white supremacist
ideas that are very deeply embedded

8b485b9b-de03-49b7-829d-2eeaa1693d80-1
00:19:21.256 --> 00:19:22.960
within the beauty industry.

da02a280-a18c-4bd0-896b-ba6eea6abd42-0
00:19:22.960 --> 00:19:26.640
And I'm going to talk about a couple of
those that we're working on.

f1db930c-05c5-42de-ab6c-779b17f437bd-0
00:19:26.960 --> 00:19:32.333
So when you have racialize and racism
within beauty and beauty norms,

f1db930c-05c5-42de-ab6c-779b17f437bd-1
00:19:32.333 --> 00:19:36.709
that does psychological and societal
health harms to us,

f1db930c-05c5-42de-ab6c-779b17f437bd-2
00:19:36.709 --> 00:19:39.319
whether we are aware of it or not.

44c1499a-b127-4376-8f89-f925477bc013-0
00:19:40.040 --> 00:19:43.600
And a lot of this is through targeted
marketing and advertising.

15a7113f-6b75-40e6-b10f-8ffdaf442eae-0
00:19:44.280 --> 00:19:48.762
And so the way that we're trying to
address this problem at we act and as

15a7113f-6b75-40e6-b10f-8ffdaf442eae-1
00:19:48.762 --> 00:19:52.760
part of the Beauty Inside Out campaign is
we have two approaches.

fabedbb3-38f1-4274-9059-2bf07a85b9e1-0
00:19:53.160 --> 00:19:59.035
We have a top down approach where we're
working with regulators to try to improve

fabedbb3-38f1-4274-9059-2bf07a85b9e1-1
00:19:59.035 --> 00:19:59.680
policies.

f756da92-b82c-4559-a0b9-c6a0061f8aab-0
00:20:00.040 --> 00:20:05.121
I've been working on this both at the
level the international level with the

f756da92-b82c-4559-a0b9-c6a0061f8aab-1
00:20:05.121 --> 00:20:09.410
United Nations federally trying to get
bills passed in Congress,

f756da92-b82c-4559-a0b9-c6a0061f8aab-2
00:20:09.410 --> 00:20:11.719
and then locally in New York State.

e92949c5-be01-4754-8916-3a221a187abe-0
00:20:12.280 --> 00:20:15.153
And then we have a bottom up approach as
well,

e92949c5-be01-4754-8916-3a221a187abe-1
00:20:15.153 --> 00:20:20.106
which is really trying to foster social
movements and awareness of this issue so

e92949c5-be01-4754-8916-3a221a187abe-2
00:20:20.106 --> 00:20:24.508
that we can start to address the these
beauty norms and put pressure on

e92949c5-be01-4754-8916-3a221a187abe-3
00:20:24.508 --> 00:20:25.120
companies.

923be995-4441-419b-8856-77c76987f7e1-0
00:20:26.480 --> 00:20:32.157
And so when it comes to the racism and
white supremacy within the beauty

923be995-4441-419b-8856-77c76987f7e1-1
00:20:32.157 --> 00:20:36.202
industry,
two of the most striking examples of this

923be995-4441-419b-8856-77c76987f7e1-2
00:20:36.202 --> 00:20:41.880
come from skin lightening products and
also chemical hair straighteners.

7912723b-a367-4358-aeda-595e364fd806-0
00:20:42.480 --> 00:20:47.438
And so skin lightening products,
even though we don't talk about them all

7912723b-a367-4358-aeda-595e364fd806-1
00:20:47.438 --> 00:20:50.520
of all that often,
it is a bit like publicly.

beeb9239-3c11-4dc6-abcb-affb712e6739-0
00:20:50.520 --> 00:20:54.967
It's not something that, you know,
you see a lot of advertisements for on

beeb9239-3c11-4dc6-abcb-affb712e6739-1
00:20:54.967 --> 00:20:59.475
the television in the United States or in
social media, but it's a really,

beeb9239-3c11-4dc6-abcb-affb712e6739-2
00:20:59.475 --> 00:21:02.120
really big industry here and also
globally.

79f9917b-35e5-448b-b48b-4a9a47fa77ce-0
00:21:02.560 --> 00:21:08.843
And so skin lightening products are
really based on this idea that having

79f9917b-35e5-448b-b48b-4a9a47fa77ce-1
00:21:08.843 --> 00:21:15.551
white skin or lighter skin is preferable
rather for beauty reasons or for more

79f9917b-35e5-448b-b48b-4a9a47fa77ce-2
00:21:15.551 --> 00:21:21.240
like societal reasons in terms of class,
class structure and such.

d39966ed-be0d-4ece-b56c-9a4fcdcca6fd-0
00:21:22.040 --> 00:21:25.649
And then when it comes to chemical hair
straighteners,

d39966ed-be0d-4ece-b56c-9a4fcdcca6fd-1
00:21:25.649 --> 00:21:30.965
chemical hair straighteners, you know,
the existence of this as a beauty product

d39966ed-be0d-4ece-b56c-9a4fcdcca6fd-2
00:21:30.965 --> 00:21:35.624
is really a also based on racism,
because hair straighteners have been

d39966ed-be0d-4ece-b56c-9a4fcdcca6fd-3
00:21:35.624 --> 00:21:40.940
marketed to women of color for decades
and decades and decades to try to promote

d39966ed-be0d-4ece-b56c-9a4fcdcca6fd-4
00:21:40.940 --> 00:21:45.600
this idea that having straighter hair is
preferable or more beautiful.

af4deed9-297a-4c9d-8297-689be0a05e67-0
00:21:46.000 --> 00:21:50.320
But the so that's like the societal kind
of a piece of it.

47131e6c-a30d-4002-9a87-fdccf7cf183e-0
00:21:50.680 --> 00:21:55.502
But the other side of this is both of
these product types have some of the most

47131e6c-a30d-4002-9a87-fdccf7cf183e-1
00:21:55.502 --> 00:21:59.240
dangerous chemicals that are even present
in beauty products.

078fe439-65aa-439c-8b2e-1a171894e785-0
00:21:59.520 --> 00:22:04.530
So in skin lightening products,
and I'll show you some data that we have

078fe439-65aa-439c-8b2e-1a171894e785-1
00:22:04.530 --> 00:22:05.080
on this.

cef4e4d6-c356-4a32-ae3c-fa91d9a75900-0
00:22:05.280 --> 00:22:09.120
Skin lightening products tend to have
mercury in them.

93c66adf-2b7c-490f-b5a4-b3ba5c828fbf-0
00:22:09.440 --> 00:22:13.736
So mercury is a really dangerous
neurotoxin that is actually illegal by

93c66adf-2b7c-490f-b5a4-b3ba5c828fbf-1
00:22:13.736 --> 00:22:16.840
international treaty, by federal law,
by state law.

67a7b19e-7f95-4e67-8094-6bc0c7bc1e40-0
00:22:17.280 --> 00:22:22.657
But companies continue to put mercury and
skin lighteners because it makes them

67a7b19e-7f95-4e67-8094-6bc0c7bc1e40-1
00:22:22.657 --> 00:22:23.800
work really well.

f4c65a53-9ec4-494b-a103-fa7e2f4a1a37-0
00:22:24.120 --> 00:22:28.670
Mercury, when it's applied to your skin,
will prevent your skin cells from

f4c65a53-9ec4-494b-a103-fa7e2f4a1a37-1
00:22:28.670 --> 00:22:32.128
producing melanin,
which is that pigment that gives us a

f4c65a53-9ec4-494b-a103-fa7e2f4a1a37-2
00:22:32.128 --> 00:22:33.160
darker skin tone.

a39ac1fd-57c8-43f2-8aa8-d3f49684a1e2-0
00:22:33.400 --> 00:22:37.250
So if a person is regularly applying
mercury to their skin,

a39ac1fd-57c8-43f2-8aa8-d3f49684a1e2-1
00:22:37.250 --> 00:22:42.000
they actually will have lighter skin and
will result in a skin bleaching.

80054a31-d352-4a1c-a9a7-6535600380ac-0
00:22:43.080 --> 00:22:45.462
And then when it comes to hair
straighteners,

80054a31-d352-4a1c-a9a7-6535600380ac-1
00:22:45.462 --> 00:22:48.880
hair straighteners tend to have a really
high level formaldehyde.

7d7b2c3b-17a2-4323-b5f6-9f563be535ab-0
00:22:49.120 --> 00:22:51.240
How many of you ever heard of
formaldehyde?

a21ddbad-3efd-436a-b026-f9d5227e7cbe-0
00:22:51.600 --> 00:22:52.880
Most of us probably have, yes.

1d076439-12c0-408a-8cdd-9686cb29a811-0
00:22:52.880 --> 00:22:56.040
It's the same chemical that's used in
embalming fluid.

ae70eb18-75c6-4db9-9b34-069099fa44c3-0
00:22:56.280 --> 00:22:57.880
It's like really nasty.

feda5a36-2bff-4884-b56d-7732041fbafc-0
00:22:58.520 --> 00:23:00.920
It's a known human carcinogen.

dfc9236b-3f40-45e9-9f70-78ada2c5eda7-0
00:23:00.920 --> 00:23:07.121
It also is known to have reproductive
health harms like exposure to pregnant

dfc9236b-3f40-45e9-9f70-78ada2c5eda7-1
00:23:07.121 --> 00:23:12.840
women being exposed can cause spontaneous
miscarriages, birth defects.

132873f6-864e-4722-b3b3-e16d5bd81736-0
00:23:12.840 --> 00:23:16.773
Formaldehyde is a really nasty chemical
and also can increase your risk of

132873f6-864e-4722-b3b3-e16d5bd81736-1
00:23:16.773 --> 00:23:17.560
uterine cancer.

e2e001dd-7bf1-48c0-adee-fcdaaa1a9354-0
00:23:19.040 --> 00:23:23.468
And so the long and the short is these
products are everywhere,

e2e001dd-7bf1-48c0-adee-fcdaaa1a9354-1
00:23:23.468 --> 00:23:29.280
especially if you live in a community of
color in the United States like I do here.

e351a050-69af-48b6-a223-f41fc4eb72c7-0
00:23:29.400 --> 00:23:34.280
This picture here in this corner,
I took this picture.

517343a8-becc-457d-b6be-d451d74fbb78-0
00:23:34.280 --> 00:23:37.640
This is a beauty supply store just three
blocks from my home in Harlem.

11f1c3fc-5c54-40f3-8744-06081750c4d2-0
00:23:38.160 --> 00:23:42.544
And what you see in the front window,
I took this from outside the store in the

11f1c3fc-5c54-40f3-8744-06081750c4d2-1
00:23:42.544 --> 00:23:45.120
front window is 3 full shelves of skin
liners.

5d1df5f2-3a0d-4119-b4f9-2322a7c1897e-0
00:23:45.560 --> 00:23:48.080
So these are like hidden in plain sight.

f2dc5791-54f5-4c34-9abd-b5c2c4670b0a-0
00:23:49.080 --> 00:23:52.778
If you go to New York City,
I'm sure if you go to any of the

f2dc5791-54f5-4c34-9abd-b5c2c4670b0a-1
00:23:52.778 --> 00:23:57.506
communities of color in Boston and go
even look at like your Rite Aid or CVS,

f2dc5791-54f5-4c34-9abd-b5c2c4670b0a-2
00:23:57.506 --> 00:24:00.720
you're also likely to find them at major
chains too.

eb576da5-73d7-4887-a556-050f93e8c5ba-0
00:24:01.480 --> 00:24:06.880
And then if you just Google or not Google,
do an Amazon search.

c4a13864-7f9a-4d68-be0f-9d1ecf3fc28e-0
00:24:06.880 --> 00:24:10.560
I just did a screen cap from Amazon Hair
relaxers.

1c576e7b-eda8-4eb5-a05c-1f4af8f6ec5f-0
00:24:10.880 --> 00:24:12.440
This is what you'll get at the top.

f9a80996-794b-4c30-8003-96fa5bb6538e-0
00:24:13.080 --> 00:24:18.466
One thing I really want you to take away
from this photo of hair relaxers is all

f9a80996-794b-4c30-8003-96fa5bb6538e-1
00:24:18.466 --> 00:24:23.520
of the models in these photos in these
covers of the boxes are all women of

f9a80996-794b-4c30-8003-96fa5bb6538e-2
00:24:23.520 --> 00:24:23.920
color.

f3dfda62-344d-4125-b2ae-6fe6a75fcd1f-0
00:24:24.440 --> 00:24:29.360
So what this is showing you is that these
products are being marketed directly to

f3dfda62-344d-4125-b2ae-6fe6a75fcd1f-1
00:24:29.360 --> 00:24:32.600
women of color and these products are
very dangerous.

61fdd089-522d-4318-9262-8ccbe3fd27da-0
00:24:33.040 --> 00:24:36.873
And one other very disturbing thing when
it comes to hair relaxers,

61fdd089-522d-4318-9262-8ccbe3fd27da-1
00:24:36.873 --> 00:24:41.440
they're a whole hair relaxer brands and
companies that are targeted to children.

d0d042ef-66cc-4c02-9b32-9fda38783680-0
00:24:41.880 --> 00:24:45.720
And so this is a very problematic product
type.

4169864b-90ac-4935-a011-28f4d432563d-0
00:24:45.720 --> 00:24:50.864
So these things are everywhere and then
we know that they're everywhere,

4169864b-90ac-4935-a011-28f4d432563d-1
00:24:50.864 --> 00:24:56.080
but we did it really have a sense of how
often people use these products.

c86dd987-a8c2-4a9e-8f87-4d76153a751e-0
00:24:56.080 --> 00:25:01.132
So before I had come to we act,
we act this did a survey about a year and

c86dd987-a8c2-4a9e-8f87-4d76153a751e-1
00:25:01.132 --> 00:25:05.844
a half ago of 297 women and them
identifying individuals in Northern

c86dd987-a8c2-4a9e-8f87-4d76153a751e-2
00:25:05.844 --> 00:25:11.102
Manhattan to ask them do they use these
products because we see that they're

c86dd987-a8c2-4a9e-8f87-4d76153a751e-3
00:25:11.102 --> 00:25:15.130
around in the stores,
but what's the actually frequency or

c86dd987-a8c2-4a9e-8f87-4d76153a751e-4
00:25:15.130 --> 00:25:16.360
prevalence of use?

1c78c0d6-bbdd-41c0-94ee-5f91f485dcbc-0
00:25:17.280 --> 00:25:24.323
And the 297 individuals that were
enrolled in this study were all people of

1c78c0d6-bbdd-41c0-94ee-5f91f485dcbc-1
00:25:24.323 --> 00:25:24.880
color.

4b68208a-2996-41d0-869d-b40272e03d95-0
00:25:25.440 --> 00:25:30.753
And what was found was that 25% of all
the survey respondents had used skin

4b68208a-2996-41d0-869d-b40272e03d95-1
00:25:30.753 --> 00:25:33.480
lighteners at some point in their life.

ad83f537-0c78-4ade-a295-ed571bc4f72a-0
00:25:33.880 --> 00:25:39.520
And when it come came to AAPI respondents,
it was as high as 57%.

981510a7-5fc2-45bc-bea8-164771a641cf-0
00:25:39.760 --> 00:25:43.520
So that means that skin lighteners are
being used or being used in our community.

b39f7ba1-f555-4028-8354-abd340f78f39-0
00:25:44.120 --> 00:25:47.047
And then when it came to hair
straighteners,

b39f7ba1-f555-4028-8354-abd340f78f39-1
00:25:47.047 --> 00:25:49.520
44% reported using hair straighteners.

81d7c1e3-b5e5-49f6-b2c9-bb1ab9e33d1e-0
00:25:49.800 --> 00:25:54.000
And when it came to black respondents,
it was as high as 60%.

3f4efbc7-1b2c-4c11-afdf-26c31fd8f320-0
00:25:54.000 --> 00:25:56.594
So again,
these products are available and they're

3f4efbc7-1b2c-4c11-afdf-26c31fd8f320-1
00:25:56.594 --> 00:25:58.680
being used and we know they're dangerous.

da8320ab-2e89-493a-8577-9282da88b950-0
00:26:00.000 --> 00:26:05.287
And now thinking back to or going back to
the societal pressures and the embedded

da8320ab-2e89-493a-8577-9282da88b950-1
00:26:05.287 --> 00:26:10.380
racism that exists within these products,
one really important thing and maybe

da8320ab-2e89-493a-8577-9282da88b950-2
00:26:10.380 --> 00:26:15.410
unexpected thing that came out of the
survey was the individuals who reported

da8320ab-2e89-493a-8577-9282da88b950-3
00:26:15.410 --> 00:26:20.117
using skin lighteners and hair
straighteners were also asked about their

da8320ab-2e89-493a-8577-9282da88b950-4
00:26:20.117 --> 00:26:21.600
motivation to use them.

d6741d17-2fd1-4daf-9060-26e2bb1098dd-0
00:26:22.200 --> 00:26:27.293
And what was found overwhelmingly is
people reported that they use these

d6741d17-2fd1-4daf-9060-26e2bb1098dd-1
00:26:27.293 --> 00:26:32.597
products not because it they thought
having straighter hair or lighter skin

d6741d17-2fd1-4daf-9060-26e2bb1098dd-2
00:26:32.597 --> 00:26:36.784
made them more beautiful or more
desirable or professional,

d6741d17-2fd1-4daf-9060-26e2bb1098dd-3
00:26:36.784 --> 00:26:42.226
but they reported that they use these
products because they felt that it made

d6741d17-2fd1-4daf-9060-26e2bb1098dd-4
00:26:42.226 --> 00:26:47.599
other people think that they were more
beautiful, desirable or professional.

27b40a76-56eb-4170-b4ab-6a16411be25d-0
00:26:48.080 --> 00:26:52.650
And so that really goes to show how
social norms around beauty can influence

27b40a76-56eb-4170-b4ab-6a16411be25d-1
00:26:52.650 --> 00:26:56.983
people's product use and actually
people's health because it's dictating

27b40a76-56eb-4170-b4ab-6a16411be25d-2
00:26:56.983 --> 00:27:00.960
whether or not they're getting exposed to
these harmful chemicals.

c90708e3-86c4-45e1-b399-c58016d4e24f-0
00:27:02.080 --> 00:27:03.600
I'm going to skip that slide.

799d3e70-5e27-4144-92dd-1675bacf96b3-0
00:27:04.040 --> 00:27:09.862
And so some work that I've been doing
with one of my undergraduate research

799d3e70-5e27-4144-92dd-1675bacf96b3-1
00:27:09.862 --> 00:27:14.229
assistants, Tammy Deng,
who's based at Emory University,

799d3e70-5e27-4144-92dd-1675bacf96b3-2
00:27:14.229 --> 00:27:19.821
is we really wanted to get at how
prevalent mercury was or how prevalent

799d3e70-5e27-4144-92dd-1675bacf96b3-3
00:27:19.821 --> 00:27:22.120
mercury is in skin lighteners.

599bb0d0-9444-4b60-88da-ba241e2c1947-0
00:27:22.520 --> 00:27:27.051
And the thing about mercury and skin
lighteners, so mercury,

599bb0d0-9444-4b60-88da-ba241e2c1947-1
00:27:27.051 --> 00:27:28.760
it's just so dangerous.

a5a01b30-2d74-4abc-b3ea-dd8a5b38f4af-0
00:27:28.760 --> 00:27:30.320
It's like such a dangerous chemical.

467a3e79-e213-418f-9806-395ffcfbed8e-0
00:27:30.320 --> 00:27:35.641
I remember when I was in middle school
that there was a girl in my reading class

467a3e79-e213-418f-9806-395ffcfbed8e-1
00:27:35.641 --> 00:27:41.029
that had a mercury necklace and it broke
in class and our whole school had to get

467a3e79-e213-418f-9806-395ffcfbed8e-2
00:27:41.029 --> 00:27:43.920
evacuated and the hazmat team had to go
in.

820e458f-0090-49fc-8bf2-d821993d5223-0
00:27:44.120 --> 00:27:46.906
So you can think about such a dangerous
neurotoxin,

820e458f-0090-49fc-8bf2-d821993d5223-1
00:27:46.906 --> 00:27:50.924
but it's actually just getting put in
beauty products that are sold on the

820e458f-0090-49fc-8bf2-d821993d5223-2
00:27:50.924 --> 00:27:52.799
shelves like in our regular stores.

0346b0e5-8a8e-49f9-a774-2183d2438cfd-0
00:27:53.480 --> 00:27:57.788
So with mercury, a skin lightener,
whether it's a cream soap,

0346b0e5-8a8e-49f9-a774-2183d2438cfd-1
00:27:57.788 --> 00:28:03.000
it could even be a skin lightener that
you don't know is a skin lightener.

79ad4861-299e-4da5-b8ab-3fba8265d975-0
00:28:03.000 --> 00:28:08.096
Things that are advertised as like an
underarm soap that will make your

79ad4861-299e-4da5-b8ab-3fba8265d975-1
00:28:08.096 --> 00:28:13.122
underarms lighter or a skin evening
product that's going to get rid of

79ad4861-299e-4da5-b8ab-3fba8265d975-2
00:28:13.122 --> 00:28:13.760
freckles.

daecbb6f-d14e-46d3-87a2-3b3ad3b66dd5-0
00:28:13.760 --> 00:28:16.906
Skin lighteners come in lots of different
marketing types,

daecbb6f-d14e-46d3-87a2-3b3ad3b66dd5-1
00:28:16.906 --> 00:28:21.226
but we wanted to know how common mercury
was in them because they will never say

daecbb6f-d14e-46d3-87a2-3b3ad3b66dd5-2
00:28:21.226 --> 00:28:23.200
it on the label because it's illegal.

7031e968-8a96-472d-99ea-1687debb54d6-0
00:28:23.400 --> 00:28:25.200
But we knew that it was present.

33ab3abc-86f9-4a6c-b685-90e8990982ce-0
00:28:25.600 --> 00:28:29.511
So what we did is we contacted groups
from around the world,

33ab3abc-86f9-4a6c-b685-90e8990982ce-1
00:28:29.511 --> 00:28:34.833
but we also tried to focus on the United
States groups that we knew had been doing

33ab3abc-86f9-4a6c-b685-90e8990982ce-2
00:28:34.833 --> 00:28:40.091
lab based testing of skin lighteners to
see if we could actually get data on what

33ab3abc-86f9-4a6c-b685-90e8990982ce-3
00:28:40.091 --> 00:28:44.964
creams and soaps were being tested and
actually the levels of mercury so we

33ab3abc-86f9-4a6c-b685-90e8990982ce-4
00:28:44.964 --> 00:28:46.759
could create a big database.

ddd3c848-51d6-42df-b0e5-51676cf2d38a-0
00:28:47.360 --> 00:28:51.384
So we've been working with four groups
and that includes an international

ddd3c848-51d6-42df-b0e5-51676cf2d38a-1
00:28:51.384 --> 00:28:53.777
nonprofit,
California Department of Health,

ddd3c848-51d6-42df-b0e5-51676cf2d38a-2
00:28:53.777 --> 00:28:58.019
Minnesota Department of Pollution Control
and the New York City Department of

ddd3c848-51d6-42df-b0e5-51676cf2d38a-3
00:28:58.019 --> 00:28:58.400
Health.

0babbf6f-0d1e-460a-b7a9-215e5511df13-0
00:28:59.680 --> 00:29:06.513
And now we've been able to amass close to
2000 lab tested samples of skin

0babbf6f-0d1e-460a-b7a9-215e5511df13-1
00:29:06.513 --> 00:29:08.360
lightening products.

40014b77-f2e1-42d0-b84a-0919b899e127-0
00:29:08.400 --> 00:29:15.457
And what we found is that of those,
1900 and 6647% of them have contained a

40014b77-f2e1-42d0-b84a-0919b899e127-1
00:29:15.457 --> 00:29:16.200
mercury.

952e4246-51c1-40a9-aa8f-8f600108ad17-0
00:29:16.760 --> 00:29:19.720
These are not like completely random
samples.

2aaf5335-7832-4491-99d8-45ad3576b1d1-0
00:29:19.760 --> 00:29:24.704
These groups that have gone out to sample,
they tend to try to prioritize samples

2aaf5335-7832-4491-99d8-45ad3576b1d1-1
00:29:24.704 --> 00:29:27.840
that they think will actually have
mercury in them.

f59132c6-c791-44d1-ab79-6b64ec87bb59-0
00:29:28.080 --> 00:29:33.141
So those that might have more suspicious
labeling or be from countries that we

f59132c6-c791-44d1-ab79-6b64ec87bb59-1
00:29:33.141 --> 00:29:35.640
know tend to manufacture using mercury.

0ffcb92c-1617-4c5b-b495-db8554490281-0
00:29:36.560 --> 00:29:40.798
But the really stark thing is,
so when we look at mercury and skin

0ffcb92c-1617-4c5b-b495-db8554490281-1
00:29:40.798 --> 00:29:43.962
lighteners,
there had previously been a threshold

0ffcb92c-1617-4c5b-b495-db8554490281-2
00:29:43.962 --> 00:29:49.023
that was like the threshold for kind of
contamination or unintended mercury and

0ffcb92c-1617-4c5b-b495-db8554490281-3
00:29:49.023 --> 00:29:52.440
skin lighteners,
which would be one part per million.

0ae02343-e3a5-499a-ae7e-f73b1ddeca53-0
00:29:52.440 --> 00:29:57.772
So one part per million was kind of like
that safety threshold that of mercury and

0ae02343-e3a5-499a-ae7e-f73b1ddeca53-1
00:29:57.772 --> 00:29:58.800
skin lighteners.

9aa287c8-4989-4201-8857-6f8ea5675daf-0
00:29:59.040 --> 00:30:04.648
But in the products that we have,
we have some products that have as high

9aa287c8-4989-4201-8857-6f8ea5675daf-1
00:30:04.648 --> 00:30:07.680
as 210,000 parts per million of mercury.

b30276b5-e2c0-4824-abf1-b4463e048069-0
00:30:07.960 --> 00:30:10.080
So these are really extreme high levels.

a624ec3b-c801-48c4-adcd-5c923fdf30c1-0
00:30:10.080 --> 00:30:13.219
And just here on this plot,
I'm just showing the year which the

a624ec3b-c801-48c4-adcd-5c923fdf30c1-1
00:30:13.219 --> 00:30:14.200
sample is collected.

bf7a61ed-827e-4652-847a-0744c480d615-0
00:30:14.200 --> 00:30:15.760
We have almost 20 years of data.

0d920c82-17b1-4847-ac1f-b2dfd18ec569-0
00:30:16.120 --> 00:30:20.637
And then on the Y axis,
the amount of mercury and parts per

0d920c82-17b1-4847-ac1f-b2dfd18ec569-1
00:30:20.637 --> 00:30:21.240
million.

9951919e-c0c7-4898-9ef9-446f4fde146d-0
00:30:21.560 --> 00:30:26.269
So you can see there's some really,
really light high levels here with many

9951919e-c0c7-4898-9ef9-446f4fde146d-1
00:30:26.269 --> 00:30:29.120
of them being over 50,
000 parts per million.

8e248a2d-d55b-4d8e-924f-7e6a74ddf0d9-0
00:30:29.120 --> 00:30:32.760
So these are at the level that they're so
toxic that if a person,

8e248a2d-d55b-4d8e-924f-7e6a74ddf0d9-1
00:30:32.760 --> 00:30:35.408
and we've seen this from some of these
samples,

8e248a2d-d55b-4d8e-924f-7e6a74ddf0d9-2
00:30:35.408 --> 00:30:40.041
so that if a person were to bring it into
their home and open one of these jars and

8e248a2d-d55b-4d8e-924f-7e6a74ddf0d9-3
00:30:40.041 --> 00:30:43.130
be using them,
that their children or other inhabitants

8e248a2d-d55b-4d8e-924f-7e6a74ddf0d9-4
00:30:43.130 --> 00:30:47.266
in the house could get poisoned from the
vapors coming off these products,

8e248a2d-d55b-4d8e-924f-7e6a74ddf0d9-5
00:30:47.266 --> 00:30:50.080
which we've seen happen quite a bit in
California.

cf79f644-f310-4d25-bddd-cea5fae926c7-0
00:30:51.200 --> 00:30:53.721
And then we've been looking to see what,
where,

cf79f644-f310-4d25-bddd-cea5fae926c7-1
00:30:53.721 --> 00:30:57.872
what countries are these products being
manufactured and shipped to the United

cf79f644-f310-4d25-bddd-cea5fae926c7-2
00:30:57.872 --> 00:30:58.240
States.

5c914d0f-35f3-4e97-af47-854979bf6b15-0
00:30:58.840 --> 00:31:08.786
We see that Pakistan is the country where
284 of the 600 or so products has come

5c914d0f-35f3-4e97-af47-854979bf6b15-1
00:31:08.786 --> 00:31:09.400
from.

d572e655-add0-46d7-ba82-09006444926a-0
00:31:09.680 --> 00:31:14.378
So we have certain countries that we see
that they're manufacturing more of these

d572e655-add0-46d7-ba82-09006444926a-1
00:31:14.378 --> 00:31:16.040
illegal products than others.

68ea892b-e3f2-4a36-b29a-9a9738ba1b70-0
00:31:16.240 --> 00:31:20.217
But you can even see there's some
products manufactured here in the United

68ea892b-e3f2-4a36-b29a-9a9738ba1b70-1
00:31:20.217 --> 00:31:23.400
States and other places like the United
Kingdom and France.

d563acf2-bc22-402e-bdd6-8c59f2a72fbe-0
00:31:23.880 --> 00:31:28.569
And so this is really going showing that
this is a worldwide problem and something

d563acf2-bc22-402e-bdd6-8c59f2a72fbe-1
00:31:28.569 --> 00:31:33.145
that even we figured to address it here
in the US that wouldn't completely solve

d563acf2-bc22-402e-bdd6-8c59f2a72fbe-2
00:31:33.145 --> 00:31:33.880
this problem.

15605843-fda4-4fa2-8446-ab5b5a5ec1d1-0
00:31:33.880 --> 00:31:36.638
We really have to take it international
approach,

15605843-fda4-4fa2-8446-ab5b5a5ec1d1-1
00:31:36.638 --> 00:31:40.997
which is why we've been working with the
United Nations Minamata Convention of

15605843-fda4-4fa2-8446-ab5b5a5ec1d1-2
00:31:40.997 --> 00:31:41.880
Mercury on this.

f9bc1afa-4470-4d31-a2db-b075e43b3f49-0
00:31:42.520 --> 00:31:45.767
And I just wanted to check the time
because I wanted to see where I'm at,

f9bc1afa-4470-4d31-a2db-b075e43b3f49-1
00:31:45.767 --> 00:31:47.040
how many more minutes I have.

79ec58fe-09d2-4a36-bd98-151da58da7eb-0
00:31:48.600 --> 00:31:51.920
Miss Ryan, you got another,
at least another 10.

c83a0f18-6568-44b2-9fd0-d74cd56fc08b-0
00:31:51.920 --> 00:31:52.600
OK, sounds good.

3117ce28-4a72-4ea0-a9b9-926bada9d5ff-0
00:31:53.400 --> 00:31:53.800
Great.

18a8b8fe-7497-477b-817b-9d6786bb5e44-0
00:31:53.800 --> 00:31:58.414
So then with all of this,
because I would have wanted to wrap up

18a8b8fe-7497-477b-817b-9d6786bb5e44-1
00:31:58.414 --> 00:32:02.460
the beauty justice,
but with this beauty justice work on

18a8b8fe-7497-477b-817b-9d6786bb5e44-2
00:32:02.460 --> 00:32:06.080
mercury,
we're also doing work on formaldehyde and

18a8b8fe-7497-477b-817b-9d6786bb5e44-3
00:32:06.080 --> 00:32:11.334
personal care products in general,
so like toxic chemicals across product

18a8b8fe-7497-477b-817b-9d6786bb5e44-4
00:32:11.334 --> 00:32:11.760
types.

8f8caa88-481e-4bb6-a611-ab4012a1cb8f-0
00:32:12.120 --> 00:32:16.957
But I think what this skin lightening
story really is showing you is a couple

8f8caa88-481e-4bb6-a611-ab4012a1cb8f-1
00:32:16.957 --> 00:32:20.368
things that first of all,
we can be exposed to highly,

8f8caa88-481e-4bb6-a611-ab4012a1cb8f-2
00:32:20.368 --> 00:32:23.159
highly toxic chemicals from beauty
products,

8f8caa88-481e-4bb6-a611-ab4012a1cb8f-3
00:32:23.159 --> 00:32:27.997
things that you would assume or save,
things you would never even think twice

8f8caa88-481e-4bb6-a611-ab4012a1cb8f-4
00:32:27.997 --> 00:32:29.920
about them harming your health.

55c18acf-8a43-4702-b378-caa907c4919c-0
00:32:30.400 --> 00:32:35.390
So this is a industry that in terms of
like public health professionals and also

55c18acf-8a43-4702-b378-caa907c4919c-1
00:32:35.390 --> 00:32:38.656
ecologists,
because mercury is a problem for people,

55c18acf-8a43-4702-b378-caa907c4919c-2
00:32:38.656 --> 00:32:42.969
it's a problem in wild ecosystems,
we really have to take coordinated

55c18acf-8a43-4702-b378-caa907c4919c-3
00:32:42.969 --> 00:32:47.467
efforts to deal with these toxic
chemicals and these big industries that

55c18acf-8a43-4702-b378-caa907c4919c-4
00:32:47.467 --> 00:32:50.240
are perpetuating the use of these
chemicals.

f0c789ee-14e9-4374-b035-3e6d8785af0c-0
00:32:50.560 --> 00:32:54.966
The mercury in skin light in our story
also really goes to show you this

f0c789ee-14e9-4374-b035-3e6d8785af0c-1
00:32:54.966 --> 00:32:59.794
disproportionate burden that is placed on
women of color when it comes to these

f0c789ee-14e9-4374-b035-3e6d8785af0c-2
00:32:59.794 --> 00:33:00.639
toxic hazards.

6396b592-b679-4fad-96f9-a80b3dddb1fc-0
00:33:01.120 --> 00:33:04.882
And really that thinking back to that
giving tree example,

6396b592-b679-4fad-96f9-a80b3dddb1fc-1
00:33:04.882 --> 00:33:09.666
all of us are exposed to toxic chemicals
from our beauty and personal care

6396b592-b679-4fad-96f9-a80b3dddb1fc-2
00:33:09.666 --> 00:33:10.240
products.

97e7165d-4351-490d-ad75-933038e1ff48-0
00:33:10.400 --> 00:33:17.209
But there it's the exposure because of
the way that the system is set up is a

97e7165d-4351-490d-ad75-933038e1ff48-1
00:33:17.209 --> 00:33:20.440
very unequal in terms of this burden.

74b8c511-379e-428a-b49c-e9cef37572cd-0
00:33:20.440 --> 00:33:26.184
And women of colour tend to be very
highly burdened by toxins because of

74b8c511-379e-428a-b49c-e9cef37572cd-1
00:33:26.184 --> 00:33:31.693
these racialized norms and then just
these harmful practices of these

74b8c511-379e-428a-b49c-e9cef37572cd-2
00:33:31.693 --> 00:33:32.480
companies.

90a7c27e-aa42-4ac4-87a0-972d83cead46-0
00:33:32.480 --> 00:33:36.800
So that's something that in environmental
justice we're really seeking to address.

f078bfe2-f3c3-4f52-ad07-24d17472e05e-0
00:33:38.200 --> 00:33:41.040
Were there any questions or we should
wait till the end?

083f4f79-5e72-4cc7-a878-3915e0f54565-0
00:33:43.120 --> 00:33:44.640
I have a a question in the back.

2ac438c0-46e1-4f9f-a14d-b356f1f87447-0
00:33:47.960 --> 00:33:49.400
You have any names of like the brands?

a8efa8ac-9ae0-4942-914a-110d40a53d50-0
00:33:50.280 --> 00:33:52.280
Yeah, we actually have all the names.

b89fcb25-4727-4f6b-8d87-2c4a2b65706c-0
00:33:52.280 --> 00:33:54.720
And so that's something that we're going
to be putting out.

c2f60465-7c32-42b8-b8fb-c6919cce3d0a-0
00:33:54.720 --> 00:33:58.040
So we're going to be making a public
platform.

381a17ab-f71f-409d-a782-254310f775db-0
00:33:58.040 --> 00:34:01.960
We're hoping to do this by this June to
be able to show the names.

57a6aacb-a553-4046-a83a-4bff8f702050-0
00:34:01.960 --> 00:34:06.307
We have pictures of all of the boxes so
that people can actually see which

57a6aacb-a553-4046-a83a-4bff8f702050-1
00:34:06.307 --> 00:34:10.075
products because some of these products
like they're everywhere,

57a6aacb-a553-4046-a83a-4bff8f702050-2
00:34:10.075 --> 00:34:14.654
like you can even find some of these
products on Walmart's online website like

57a6aacb-a553-4046-a83a-4bff8f702050-3
00:34:14.654 --> 00:34:17.785
so you know,
do it something that we're really trying

57a6aacb-a553-4046-a83a-4bff8f702050-4
00:34:17.785 --> 00:34:19.640
to raise public awareness about.

a4be100f-05a1-4071-97c6-242e97df1331-0
00:34:22.400 --> 00:34:25.480
And then so that was a beauty justice
piece of it.

8337c4cf-b831-4e01-87f2-a85cbd9e2ecf-0
00:34:25.480 --> 00:34:29.440
And now I wanted to move into talking a
little bit about air pollution.

c6111667-6d60-4e24-b514-41d5355b9b3a-0
00:34:29.720 --> 00:34:35.050
And this is really to trying to give you
a sense for how research is done when it

c6111667-6d60-4e24-b514-41d5355b9b3a-1
00:34:35.050 --> 00:34:40.120
comes to community based organization,
because unlike research in an academic

c6111667-6d60-4e24-b514-41d5355b9b3a-2
00:34:40.120 --> 00:34:44.540
setting where we often times, you know,
as an individual scientist,

c6111667-6d60-4e24-b514-41d5355b9b3a-3
00:34:44.540 --> 00:34:49.675
you have your research interests and your
research agenda and you can plan and

c6111667-6d60-4e24-b514-41d5355b9b3a-4
00:34:49.675 --> 00:34:53.120
execute those projects out over a long
time horizon.

909e07f0-59ab-4bc5-bfa5-1b1fd4c3576b-0
00:34:53.120 --> 00:34:55.562
You know, you're like,
over the next five years,

909e07f0-59ab-4bc5-bfa5-1b1fd4c3576b-1
00:34:55.562 --> 00:34:59.601
I want to study AB and C and you plan out
your grants and and kind of carry that

909e07f0-59ab-4bc5-bfa5-1b1fd4c3576b-2
00:34:59.601 --> 00:35:00.000
all out.

5bde27af-77fb-4943-a153-6d63fb217cd1-0
00:35:00.560 --> 00:35:05.840
But doing research in the justice space,
it really is more of a reactive and also

5bde27af-77fb-4943-a153-6d63fb217cd1-1
00:35:05.840 --> 00:35:11.056
like policy driven research because you
might have a research plan for something

5bde27af-77fb-4943-a153-6d63fb217cd1-2
00:35:11.056 --> 00:35:15.434
interesting you want to do,
but then something might pop up and you

5bde27af-77fb-4943-a153-6d63fb217cd1-3
00:35:15.434 --> 00:35:20.200
have to address that and design A
research program around this new issue.

5f00fca2-833a-4c72-be02-a880c970a5c5-0
00:35:20.560 --> 00:35:25.856
So to give you an example of this is
congestion pricing in New York,

5f00fca2-833a-4c72-be02-a880c970a5c5-1
00:35:25.856 --> 00:35:29.080
which I just heard that on the news today.

ff2275ea-fb6f-4cc0-a920-2cd42f8617bf-0
00:35:29.080 --> 00:35:33.080
This is something Boston is also
considering, so also locally applicable.

53c5bb29-a401-4f90-8944-da8efce6849b-0
00:35:33.480 --> 00:35:36.515
So congestion pricing,
this is something that's been used in

53c5bb29-a401-4f90-8944-da8efce6849b-1
00:35:36.515 --> 00:35:39.600
countries around the world and Singapore
was maybe the first.

c4ba2857-e72e-4d77-bffb-f6fe57195f56-0
00:35:39.600 --> 00:35:42.920
London has had this for I think a couple
decades now.

3da57bc4-89b8-4a63-b260-a5d31ea635f2-0
00:35:43.200 --> 00:35:46.779
But the idea is,
is if you want to reduce car traffic,

3da57bc4-89b8-4a63-b260-a5d31ea635f2-1
00:35:46.779 --> 00:35:51.269
if you want to reduce air pollution,
noise burden or noise solution,

3da57bc4-89b8-4a63-b260-a5d31ea635f2-2
00:35:51.269 --> 00:35:54.848
I should say,
in a particular area that's overburdened

3da57bc4-89b8-4a63-b260-a5d31ea635f2-3
00:35:54.848 --> 00:35:58.166
by traffic,
then what you can do is you can charge

3da57bc4-89b8-4a63-b260-a5d31ea635f2-4
00:35:58.166 --> 00:36:03.437
people a high rate to drive in that area
to try to reduce the demand for driving

3da57bc4-89b8-4a63-b260-a5d31ea635f2-5
00:36:03.437 --> 00:36:05.520
there and reduce the congestion.

5a07fd53-22cb-4063-a928-1de1408cf30b-0
00:36:06.200 --> 00:36:10.440
So here, this map,
here is a map of New York City.

ecc15022-2bd7-408c-b7b8-50826395117f-0
00:36:10.720 --> 00:36:13.240
But this island in the middle,
this is Manhattan.

e6f03924-dbea-4244-b721-01f06da1372b-0
00:36:13.640 --> 00:36:17.713
And the bottom of Manhattan is like
that's where Times Square is,

e6f03924-dbea-4244-b721-01f06da1372b-1
00:36:17.713 --> 00:36:20.120
That's where the financial district is.

857ae2a2-6f04-4e61-923a-af1bc4ad1a0e-0
00:36:20.120 --> 00:36:24.240
This is like a very high traffic
vehicular area.

15b340af-18c3-4dbd-af42-1681264b8be4-0
00:36:24.720 --> 00:36:29.786
So what the city has proposed,
and they're going to start this spring,

15b340af-18c3-4dbd-af42-1681264b8be4-1
00:36:29.786 --> 00:36:33.640
is to charge people really high rates to
drive there.

4ac1870c-ed97-49c4-ba01-3a37a060e393-0
00:36:33.640 --> 00:36:37.219
So for most of this area,
it's going to be like $23 for a car to

4ac1870c-ed97-49c4-ba01-3a37a060e393-1
00:36:37.219 --> 00:36:37.880
drive there.

e18c2dee-c92e-4fbf-a53d-76439ecccb9c-0
00:36:37.880 --> 00:36:40.265
So every day that a car goes into that
area,

e18c2dee-c92e-4fbf-a53d-76439ecccb9c-1
00:36:40.265 --> 00:36:42.280
they're going to have to pay 23 bucks.

9c2a3d1c-6ba8-4b10-b111-4d9ee70b3544-0
00:36:42.280 --> 00:36:45.600
If they leave and then come back,
they're going to have to pay another $23.

9497a806-f35d-4f67-98c9-6f87bc868ab9-0
00:36:45.960 --> 00:36:49.450
So the idea for the city to do this was
they said, OK,

9497a806-f35d-4f67-98c9-6f87bc868ab9-1
00:36:49.450 --> 00:36:52.560
well this will reduce traffic and air
pollution,

9497a806-f35d-4f67-98c9-6f87bc868ab9-2
00:36:52.560 --> 00:36:57.637
but also raise a lot of money for us to
then revamp our subway system to try to

9497a806-f35d-4f67-98c9-6f87bc868ab9-3
00:36:57.637 --> 00:37:02.777
get the city to be more climate resilient
and mitigate fossil fuel use by having

9497a806-f35d-4f67-98c9-6f87bc868ab9-4
00:37:02.777 --> 00:37:06.077
less cars on the road,
having better transportation

9497a806-f35d-4f67-98c9-6f87bc868ab9-5
00:37:06.077 --> 00:37:08.680
infrastructure, which all sounds amazing.

efdaccb4-a7ca-4ac1-8dfd-df740395db74-0
00:37:08.680 --> 00:37:11.680
And if it works well,
that will be amazing.

952c2456-da01-424a-9827-90f5f812fd17-0
00:37:12.080 --> 00:37:18.600
But one problem with this is that the way
that Manhattan is structured is

952c2456-da01-424a-9827-90f5f812fd17-1
00:37:18.600 --> 00:37:24.240
essentially there's a gradient,
A racial gradient in Manhattan.

136dc2a0-5fc2-451a-94ad-b3daffb82664-0
00:37:24.520 --> 00:37:29.706
So lower Manhattan is predominantly white
and more affluent neighborhoods,

136dc2a0-5fc2-451a-94ad-b3daffb82664-1
00:37:29.706 --> 00:37:31.920
more expensive housing and such.

3aba8add-d4c3-4df2-962c-7cc76a80d41e-0
00:37:32.360 --> 00:37:37.826
And as you move farther N then the
neighborhoods become predominantly black

3aba8add-d4c3-4df2-962c-7cc76a80d41e-1
00:37:37.826 --> 00:37:39.840
and Latino and lower income.

81dc0565-8e7e-4aa2-b15b-2ca4789719eb-0
00:37:40.160 --> 00:37:45.234
So one of the concerns now is that since
all of these vehicles are going to stop

81dc0565-8e7e-4aa2-b15b-2ca4789719eb-1
00:37:45.234 --> 00:37:49.620
driving in lower Manhattan,
but people still want to get down to that

81dc0565-8e7e-4aa2-b15b-2ca4789719eb-2
00:37:49.620 --> 00:37:52.440
area,
that this is going to reroute traffic.

b905f2bd-ccb0-4450-b2c8-92267414dd87-0
00:37:52.680 --> 00:37:57.390
So that the burden of all of that
vehicular traffic is just going to move

b905f2bd-ccb0-4450-b2c8-92267414dd87-1
00:37:57.390 --> 00:38:02.164
further north and then fall upon the
communities of color that are already

b905f2bd-ccb0-4450-b2c8-92267414dd87-2
00:38:02.164 --> 00:38:04.519
overburdened by the city's pollution.

7f8dfbad-3203-468a-b6d4-e2c543dcb4e4-0
00:38:05.240 --> 00:38:08.707
So what we decided to do,
and this is Jaron Burke,

7f8dfbad-3203-468a-b6d4-e2c543dcb4e4-1
00:38:08.707 --> 00:38:12.514
he's our environmental health manager
who's on my team,

7f8dfbad-3203-468a-b6d4-e2c543dcb4e4-2
00:38:12.514 --> 00:38:17.748
was to come up with a community air
monitoring project where we would enroll

7f8dfbad-3203-468a-b6d4-e2c543dcb4e4-3
00:38:17.748 --> 00:38:21.080
community members from all over upper
Manhattan.

6a3b4ebc-1271-4291-b533-0a4a20b985a7-0
00:38:21.080 --> 00:38:26.182
So in our predominantly Black and Latino
neighborhoods and provide people with air

6a3b4ebc-1271-4291-b533-0a4a20b985a7-1
00:38:26.182 --> 00:38:31.040
monitors that they can deploy outside of
their home or in their neighborhoods.

fabf6fb9-7aeb-411f-ae0f-5e50e5402849-0
00:38:31.040 --> 00:38:36.513
And then also give them data analysis
training so that we could fill a big data

fabf6fb9-7aeb-411f-ae0f-5e50e5402849-1
00:38:36.513 --> 00:38:41.440
gap and monitor the air as it as this
congestion pricing is rolled out,

fabf6fb9-7aeb-411f-ae0f-5e50e5402849-2
00:38:41.440 --> 00:38:44.040
but have data that is community owned.

43056fa4-3403-46e1-9862-fad5701549da-0
00:38:44.240 --> 00:38:47.651
So that means if a person has one of
these air monitors, they have their data,

43056fa4-3403-46e1-9862-fad5701549da-1
00:38:47.651 --> 00:38:50.200
they know how to download it,
they know how to analyze it.

e48c1128-6d1a-4757-9acb-6cf456331925-0
00:38:50.400 --> 00:38:52.120
They can go to City Council if they want.

f63ff600-4abd-41a8-b1d9-211e88c19702-0
00:38:52.120 --> 00:38:54.420
They can write our governor's office and
say, look,

f63ff600-4abd-41a8-b1d9-211e88c19702-1
00:38:54.420 --> 00:38:56.720
this is what my air looked like before
this policy.

9cd55a88-7bb8-44e2-a5bb-c7daf593df00-0
00:38:56.720 --> 00:38:58.560
This is what it looked like after this
policy.

733cc963-c959-4cba-838c-be8c98e8d11b-0
00:38:59.080 --> 00:39:04.280
So this is one way that you can get
community members actively involved.

174af9fa-85c6-4fa9-96e7-0fae6486a495-0
00:39:04.720 --> 00:39:06.680
This is what this platform looks like.

6bc65d99-0bb3-46b3-b6c2-11043471dee1-0
00:39:06.680 --> 00:39:10.493
It's these sensors will help purple air
sensors and they measure particulate

6bc65d99-0bb3-46b3-b6c2-11043471dee1-1
00:39:10.493 --> 00:39:10.840
matter.

55589adc-0cba-4940-b5e9-40b68ebd0d2a-0
00:39:11.160 --> 00:39:15.752
But they have a nice platform where any
person that anybody actually even it's

55589adc-0cba-4940-b5e9-40b68ebd0d2a-1
00:39:15.752 --> 00:39:19.880
completely open to the public,
like you can go and look at these data.

3a2e1471-1a8c-4c46-9461-7276b131feab-0
00:39:20.800 --> 00:39:25.947
And then the individuals that own the
sensors that we're giving to the

3a2e1471-1a8c-4c46-9461-7276b131feab-1
00:39:25.947 --> 00:39:30.080
community members,
they can download like the full data.

b1e7d292-6e51-4685-80f6-5da220f0f2ee-0
00:39:30.320 --> 00:39:33.640
But any citizen can go and download like
snapshots of the data.

06c9804c-ffc0-42b4-b4fc-ab6cbbce7e5c-0
00:39:33.680 --> 00:39:36.720
But you can see it's like pretty user
friendly.

1fb77cfa-fe75-4092-be95-0d9621d45243-0
00:39:36.720 --> 00:39:39.880
It will tell you what the current air
quality index is.

936f441e-2d99-4b8e-b42e-a9fb135854ea-0
00:39:40.160 --> 00:39:45.291
And then when you go to download the data,
it will tell you the level of particulate

936f441e-2d99-4b8e-b42e-a9fb135854ea-1
00:39:45.291 --> 00:39:46.680
matter in the air pool.

ade14ef8-ae4d-46d7-b6df-027a15358292-0
00:39:46.680 --> 00:39:48.160
And I'm actually going to skip it.

95774045-433c-454c-b973-9e540f40681d-0
00:39:48.280 --> 00:39:51.241
Well,
this is just to show you we've deployed

95774045-433c-454c-b973-9e540f40681d-1
00:39:51.241 --> 00:39:52.400
10 of them so far.

f4c10e5c-db62-4659-a363-60b11fb4744a-0
00:39:52.560 --> 00:39:56.132
And so this these are data from three of
our monitors,

f4c10e5c-db62-4659-a363-60b11fb4744a-1
00:39:56.132 --> 00:39:58.600
but they're very high resolution data.

b10c97ca-4ff7-4eaf-bd67-a916e1848868-0
00:39:58.600 --> 00:40:00.240
So like every 30 minutes.

369e9cdc-8e81-4e14-85a7-5502f9d6f14c-0
00:40:01.120 --> 00:40:05.115
And so we'll our community members will
be able to see the quality of the air

369e9cdc-8e81-4e14-85a7-5502f9d6f14c-1
00:40:05.115 --> 00:40:06.960
before and after congestion pricing.

88d4ad1c-e295-49f5-a10e-9bd322cceda0-0
00:40:07.760 --> 00:40:12.640
And then just lastly,
I wanted to say we're starting to expand.

1e913138-c329-4b52-b661-0da2b640f04a-0
00:40:13.320 --> 00:40:15.520
The types of things that we measure in
the air.

b3482329-7161-4e93-8c02-ed10fdc6af22-0
00:40:15.520 --> 00:40:21.487
So when it comes to air pollution,
researchers oftentimes measure PM 25,

b3482329-7161-4e93-8c02-ed10fdc6af22-1
00:40:21.487 --> 00:40:27.864
which stands for Particulate Matter 25,
which is little particles that are 2.

b3482329-7161-4e93-8c02-ed10fdc6af22-2
00:40:27.864 --> 00:40:30.480
5 micrograms in size or smaller.

93cac767-74f2-4eb7-a71b-7fd15271feab-0
00:40:30.480 --> 00:40:36.030
So they're so small that when you breathe
the air that those particles can actually,

93cac767-74f2-4eb7-a71b-7fd15271feab-1
00:40:36.030 --> 00:40:40.535
once they're in your lungs,
escape from your lungs and get into your

93cac767-74f2-4eb7-a71b-7fd15271feab-2
00:40:40.535 --> 00:40:43.800
blood vessels and then get into your
circulation.

d1f61594-c39b-4686-823b-acc707ab35aa-0
00:40:44.040 --> 00:40:46.490
So This is why it's really bad for heart
health,

d1f61594-c39b-4686-823b-acc707ab35aa-1
00:40:46.490 --> 00:40:50.540
for cardiovascular disease because you
literally are getting air pollutants like

d1f61594-c39b-4686-823b-acc707ab35aa-2
00:40:50.540 --> 00:40:51.640
into your bloodstream.

58e0edcb-8330-4906-81a2-25f5df55d903-0
00:40:52.080 --> 00:40:56.720
So these air monitors measure that
particulate matter 2.5.

55950527-32e0-4dc3-b47d-aae288f30146-0
00:40:56.720 --> 00:41:02.292
But we also just got a grant to even get
better air monitors that not only measure

55950527-32e0-4dc3-b47d-aae288f30146-1
00:41:02.292 --> 00:41:06.925
those part particulate matter,
but also measure different gases like

55950527-32e0-4dc3-b47d-aae288f30146-2
00:41:06.925 --> 00:41:09.879
ozone, a carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide.

d4aeac8a-18a2-463f-b86b-8d4dc122882c-0
00:41:09.880 --> 00:41:12.920
So these other gases that have other
health harms on our body.

31dde5d5-9bc1-4007-8838-2657a1ea9e68-0
00:41:14.560 --> 00:41:17.240
And I'm not going to jump into the health
harms.

6b1d49e2-25b2-434e-8246-2ab038a9430b-0
00:41:17.240 --> 00:41:18.320
I'm going to skip through that.

111ff395-22bf-46d6-aacf-85e6fcb47d1d-0
00:41:18.960 --> 00:41:23.686
But the last thing I just wanted to say
just going back to like this justice

111ff395-22bf-46d6-aacf-85e6fcb47d1d-1
00:41:23.686 --> 00:41:28.780
framework is that so we have when issues
arise like the congestion pricing that we

111ff395-22bf-46d6-aacf-85e6fcb47d1d-2
00:41:28.780 --> 00:41:32.463
don't know what the impact on our
community is going to be,

111ff395-22bf-46d6-aacf-85e6fcb47d1d-3
00:41:32.463 --> 00:41:36.760
then we have to respond research wise and
like start collecting data.

74a3bbab-8326-48ff-9b12-fda7f5ab3140-0
00:41:37.040 --> 00:41:40.920
But one of the things that is also really
important is advocacy.

23cff83c-3609-4637-8d39-c2e25b8ffa22-0
00:41:41.160 --> 00:41:42.920
Like what are we going to do with those
data?

5e5560c1-3cc1-4211-8f64-6b2a1bd1b2bd-0
00:41:42.920 --> 00:41:46.569
How are they going to be used to improve
the lives of people because going back to

5e5560c1-3cc1-4211-8f64-6b2a1bd1b2bd-1
00:41:46.569 --> 00:41:47.800
the justice component of it.

ec2603f7-9b1f-4609-87ee-65c85abad5fe-0
00:41:48.200 --> 00:41:51.941
So, for instance,
when we have community members now being

ec2603f7-9b1f-4609-87ee-65c85abad5fe-1
00:41:51.941 --> 00:41:56.634
able to do this air monitoring,
then one thing that we can plan since now

ec2603f7-9b1f-4609-87ee-65c85abad5fe-2
00:41:56.634 --> 00:41:59.678
is like,
how are these data going to be used to

ec2603f7-9b1f-4609-87ee-65c85abad5fe-3
00:41:59.678 --> 00:42:03.040
kind of hold the feet of policymakers to
the flames?

fabb130f-8639-4443-94f5-216df479fc08-0
00:42:03.440 --> 00:42:08.532
Because when New York City did the
ecological and environmental analysis of

fabb130f-8639-4443-94f5-216df479fc08-1
00:42:08.532 --> 00:42:13.356
this congestion pricing plan,
they made claims like we're setting aside

fabb130f-8639-4443-94f5-216df479fc08-2
00:42:13.356 --> 00:42:18.582
millions of dollars for more roadside
vegetation and put air filtration units

fabb130f-8639-4443-94f5-216df479fc08-3
00:42:18.582 --> 00:42:22.000
in schools that are overburdened by air
pollution.

08bcc537-a9a9-4a35-8680-1b5b7492e844-0
00:42:22.360 --> 00:42:25.528
But often times to get those kinds of
resources,

08bcc537-a9a9-4a35-8680-1b5b7492e844-1
00:42:25.528 --> 00:42:30.507
you have to be able to like really push
on policymakers to make those things

08bcc537-a9a9-4a35-8680-1b5b7492e844-2
00:42:30.507 --> 00:42:30.960
happen.

41b53960-64f9-442d-975b-c0c6d2a451fa-0
00:42:31.360 --> 00:42:35.801
So This is why now from the start,
we're preparing, we're anticipating,

41b53960-64f9-442d-975b-c0c6d2a451fa-1
00:42:35.801 --> 00:42:40.674
we're going to test our hypothesis that
there's going to be more air pollution

41b53960-64f9-442d-975b-c0c6d2a451fa-2
00:42:40.674 --> 00:42:43.080
Uptown because of this policy downtown.

ff10de13-1193-41eb-9bef-acaeacb716ca-0
00:42:43.440 --> 00:42:47.525
And then we will already have in hand
different things that we want to advocate

ff10de13-1193-41eb-9bef-acaeacb716ca-1
00:42:47.525 --> 00:42:49.160
for to help mitigate this issue.

53e2df32-1efa-477e-ad97-3d8ef21f1d5e-0
00:42:49.800 --> 00:42:55.461
So that's really how kind of the
different some of the key differences

53e2df32-1efa-477e-ad97-3d8ef21f1d5e-1
00:42:55.461 --> 00:43:01.042
between how nonprofit and justice
research works compared to academic

53e2df32-1efa-477e-ad97-3d8ef21f1d5e-2
00:43:01.042 --> 00:43:01.760
research.

5a5ba99d-9fce-4590-ac7a-8936bb44d076-0
00:43:01.760 --> 00:43:03.200
And it's all very important.

0a392b0c-4a67-4678-8205-77e1190fb793-0
00:43:03.280 --> 00:43:06.160
Both sides are important and they feed
into one another.

b5281769-3555-4136-9688-e81f1b5bc10c-0
00:43:06.560 --> 00:43:11.510
Because we wouldn't know what air sensors
to put out and how which gases are

b5281769-3555-4136-9688-e81f1b5bc10c-1
00:43:11.510 --> 00:43:16.845
impacting health if there hadn't already
been the academic science there for us to

b5281769-3555-4136-9688-e81f1b5bc10c-2
00:43:16.845 --> 00:43:17.360
lean on.

cef04a4e-7692-46ff-96fc-c35ab4d850e9-0
00:43:18.000 --> 00:43:22.791
So both are important,
but this is how we use data for advocacy

cef04a4e-7692-46ff-96fc-c35ab4d850e9-1
00:43:22.791 --> 00:43:23.840
and that's it.

1291655b-9217-48c7-a407-48bf52cd23ad-0
00:43:26.560 --> 00:43:30.616
And lastly,
for any of you that are interested,

1291655b-9217-48c7-a407-48bf52cd23ad-1
00:43:30.616 --> 00:43:37.462
I know especially for the students that
are interested in environmental justice,

1291655b-9217-48c7-a407-48bf52cd23ad-2
00:43:37.462 --> 00:43:42.280
you can become part of we Act for
environmental justice.

b8d6af32-3b27-44e7-85eb-d5b0a0d0e3a9-0
00:43:42.280 --> 00:43:44.320
You don't have to live in New York City.

78aee1d5-6c5f-4143-a920-07e88a966c87-0
00:43:45.000 --> 00:43:49.400
We have, we work all over the country,
but if you sign up as a member,

78aee1d5-6c5f-4143-a920-07e88a966c87-1
00:43:49.400 --> 00:43:53.120
I think it's something like a membership
fee of $20 a year.

dce16929-e519-45ed-9f0c-5ca4ec9805e3-0
00:43:53.320 --> 00:43:56.160
We have like working groups on climate
justice.

d7134467-5863-4608-8579-f72f1654fe3e-0
00:43:56.400 --> 00:44:02.079
We have days of the year where we take
our members to do advocacy,

d7134467-5863-4608-8579-f72f1654fe3e-1
00:44:02.079 --> 00:44:05.640
like lobbying in DC to talk to the Senate.

86905558-4894-412a-8d14-4ea6b771a9f9-0
00:44:05.640 --> 00:44:09.572
We do a lot of really fun things,
but we also do a lot of like really

86905558-4894-412a-8d14-4ea6b771a9f9-1
00:44:09.572 --> 00:44:13.000
******** advocacy that our members are
able to be a part of.

b34a1b00-7768-43fd-b45f-11a36089d3b7-0
00:44:14.680 --> 00:44:18.160
Benefits from a geographic analysis like
the GIS.

e63a5fbb-5025-451b-a31a-5e75ce7b9e83-0
00:44:18.680 --> 00:44:24.240
You probably have someone doing GIS with
you or yeah, contracted out or something.

549edf44-d855-40b7-aaa5-aa15e17bc5a3-0
00:44:24.320 --> 00:44:25.280
Yeah, absolutely.

dc3cb5ec-ebe2-476f-9723-41da3047e22b-0
00:44:25.280 --> 00:44:31.336
So we actually have a really great
geographer in our DC office who actually

dc3cb5ec-ebe2-476f-9723-41da3047e22b-1
00:44:31.336 --> 00:44:34.843
came,
he just finished his PhD in like snow

dc3cb5ec-ebe2-476f-9723-41da3047e22b-2
00:44:34.843 --> 00:44:35.640
hydrology.

4d696a42-8b12-46d8-8753-6f776055dea1-0
00:44:35.640 --> 00:44:41.880
So he was a a snow hydrologist and has
all of these great mapping skills that

4d696a42-8b12-46d8-8753-6f776055dea1-1
00:44:41.880 --> 00:44:45.400
now he's applying to environmental
justice.

f1fd50ac-ebab-469d-82b4-94b51d682e7e-0
00:44:45.400 --> 00:44:49.469
So when it comes to GIS,
the types of things that are really

f1fd50ac-ebab-469d-82b4-94b51d682e7e-1
00:44:49.469 --> 00:44:52.805
important,
especially at this time because the US

f1fd50ac-ebab-469d-82b4-94b51d682e7e-2
00:44:52.805 --> 00:44:58.076
federal government has now started to
define environmental justice communities

f1fd50ac-ebab-469d-82b4-94b51d682e7e-3
00:44:58.076 --> 00:45:03.280
as a way of determining fund allocation
to counties around the United States.

cf37e220-d667-4c19-bb5e-a23071b70265-0
00:45:03.480 --> 00:45:08.787
So this is actually led to like a huge
kind of battle among geographers of like,

cf37e220-d667-4c19-bb5e-a23071b70265-1
00:45:08.787 --> 00:45:14.029
how do you what are the right variables
to use to determine whether a community

cf37e220-d667-4c19-bb5e-a23071b70265-2
00:45:14.029 --> 00:45:16.520
is an environmental justice community?

4d009cc5-b52c-42b2-9ef9-aa263c3960fe-0
00:45:16.520 --> 00:45:20.145
So if you want to know is a community
overburdened by pollution, you know,

4d009cc5-b52c-42b2-9ef9-aa263c3960fe-1
00:45:20.145 --> 00:45:23.141
you'll have to look at the air,
you have to look at the soil,

4d009cc5-b52c-42b2-9ef9-aa263c3960fe-2
00:45:23.141 --> 00:45:26.960
you have to look at what plants are there
that might be giving out pollutants.

5fbd9b14-956c-4a82-9193-ac2cc63246ee-0
00:45:26.960 --> 00:45:32.312
And sometimes you have to be really
creative with the types of data using

5fbd9b14-956c-4a82-9193-ac2cc63246ee-1
00:45:32.312 --> 00:45:37.448
like NASA satellite data for seeing like
smokestacks and the the work,

5fbd9b14-956c-4a82-9193-ac2cc63246ee-2
00:45:37.448 --> 00:45:42.440
the geographers kind of role in
environmental justice is really big.

0b6ca4c0-6657-4525-bb61-45151bc5179b-0
00:45:42.440 --> 00:45:45.045
And yeah,
that's something for any of these

0b6ca4c0-6657-4525-bb61-45151bc5179b-1
00:45:45.045 --> 00:45:47.000
students that are doing GIS work.

0757b2be-cd57-4ef2-8e32-b42dd560d39e-0
00:45:47.360 --> 00:45:48.520
That's a big open area.

fbd5ba71-85ae-4ca4-9d73-2694c924cfc8-0
00:45:48.520 --> 00:45:50.040
Thank you.

62732bf1-bffa-4b03-914a-82e065c2a99e-0
00:45:50.160 --> 00:45:53.200
So do you feel free to ask Doctor
Martinez questions.

86f836c8-f635-4e74-8eeb-12279880a75c-0
00:45:53.200 --> 00:45:56.376
And actually,
while I walked to the front and forgot to

86f836c8-f635-4e74-8eeb-12279880a75c-1
00:45:56.376 --> 00:46:00.120
announce the Student BIOS Society are
selling their new T-shirts.

bddb37d1-4d76-4af5-9f6d-77615fd73969-0
00:46:00.120 --> 00:46:01.200
Oh, cool.

3a52b2fc-7aa3-4c29-a459-d71a9bee9817-0
00:46:02.280 --> 00:46:05.736
So if you go to the back,
unfortunately today, just cash,

3a52b2fc-7aa3-4c29-a459-d71a9bee9817-1
00:46:05.736 --> 00:46:08.120
cold hard cash, 15 bucks buys you a new.

9faf483d-e7ec-4f2f-8630-37f8884a3427-0
00:46:11.040 --> 00:46:13.160
It also happens that I'm the only one on
the microphone.

680c2d2c-3291-4732-9199-9b20a3accd76-0
00:46:13.240 --> 00:46:14.760
My colleague Dr.

3839bcaf-0fb8-40be-86e7-9413d9c08b36-0
00:46:14.760 --> 00:46:15.760
Carr is ill.

d9237ede-61e8-4eb9-99a2-5226e41c633c-0
00:46:15.800 --> 00:46:18.120
So any questions?

467bad30-3043-4e8e-914f-a5fe1abe6048-0
00:46:19.640 --> 00:46:20.680
Oh, Nelson's going to help out.

55a0ce2c-c9ac-4b1f-992b-6d1674edbc3c-0
00:46:35.330 --> 00:46:36.570
Oh, we have a question in the front.

1a7b0f5d-0d66-4fa5-b4d0-2990cb4fa6b7-0
00:46:36.570 --> 00:46:37.650
I can pass you the mic.

8f54046d-18dc-4194-a8b9-9e8ed4dc9dec-0
00:46:39.090 --> 00:46:43.724
I don't know if you touched on this,
but how did you kind of like fall into

8f54046d-18dc-4194-a8b9-9e8ed4dc9dec-1
00:46:43.724 --> 00:46:47.200
like the nonprofit and how would you find
that, I guess?

e916204f-a999-4dd3-9d68-fe054f21ea0c-0
00:46:48.000 --> 00:46:48.400
Yeah.

e50c2bb2-4c62-40e7-aeeb-3cffa70be264-0
00:46:48.400 --> 00:46:53.672
So if I'm to be perfectly honest,
so my lab after COVID hit because I

e50c2bb2-4c62-40e7-aeeb-3cffa70be264-1
00:46:53.672 --> 00:46:56.760
infectious disease ecologist by training.

b7b324c1-55f1-4d81-b4c5-e0ae5444f2c3-0
00:46:56.760 --> 00:46:59.840
And so my lab started responding to the
pandemic.

a28effe9-1b99-466a-82ba-9479d48c1e96-0
00:46:59.880 --> 00:47:03.765
And one of the things that we saw right
away is that Black and Latino Americans

a28effe9-1b99-466a-82ba-9479d48c1e96-1
00:47:03.765 --> 00:47:06.000
were dying at a disproportionately high
rate.

26c4569f-292f-4e73-83db-1ccc42fadafd-0
00:47:06.720 --> 00:47:10.695
And within the infectious disease ecology
community,

26c4569f-292f-4e73-83db-1ccc42fadafd-1
00:47:10.695 --> 00:47:16.995
like none of us were conversant on health
disparities and structural racism because

26c4569f-292f-4e73-83db-1ccc42fadafd-2
00:47:16.995 --> 00:47:22.470
that had not been a major factor in
infectious diseases until, you know,

26c4569f-292f-4e73-83db-1ccc42fadafd-3
00:47:22.470 --> 00:47:23.520
very recently.

d2ac08a9-1ebb-4e4f-a81a-b093e39e5b07-0
00:47:24.480 --> 00:47:27.871
And so then I started doing work on
structural racism,

d2ac08a9-1ebb-4e4f-a81a-b093e39e5b07-1
00:47:27.871 --> 00:47:32.805
but I honestly found that it's kind of
difficult to do that kind of work within

d2ac08a9-1ebb-4e4f-a81a-b093e39e5b07-2
00:47:32.805 --> 00:47:33.360
academia.

8bcf2e5a-12db-4ccd-ac83-40707ada3430-0
00:47:33.440 --> 00:47:38.277
And I had applied for a grant to use
ecological food web,

8bcf2e5a-12db-4ccd-ac83-40707ada3430-1
00:47:38.277 --> 00:47:44.200
essentially networks and apply them to
the study of structural racism.

ce85b547-ab09-4251-9cf4-33b0f66d5749-0
00:47:44.200 --> 00:47:47.713
And I told myself,
if I cannot find support within the

ce85b547-ab09-4251-9cf4-33b0f66d5749-1
00:47:47.713 --> 00:47:53.016
academic setting to take these ecological
tools and apply them to studying racism,

ce85b547-ab09-4251-9cf4-33b0f66d5749-2
00:47:53.016 --> 00:47:57.935
then I know that I actually need to go to
a different space and to go to the

ce85b547-ab09-4251-9cf4-33b0f66d5749-3
00:47:57.935 --> 00:48:02.280
nonprofit and be embedded in the justice
space to do that research.

a7862370-6097-40cf-bee5-a95d49ac0985-0
00:48:02.680 --> 00:48:03.720
And that's what happened.

102235ad-eba1-4fb7-a004-fb0a3a9f45b1-0
00:48:03.720 --> 00:48:06.271
I like,
applied for multiple grants to get

102235ad-eba1-4fb7-a004-fb0a3a9f45b1-1
00:48:06.271 --> 00:48:07.280
support for this.

de7fb91d-2dd3-4666-b876-0698005b7bf4-0
00:48:07.280 --> 00:48:12.083
And I was just finding it just was not,
it was not very widely like kind of

de7fb91d-2dd3-4666-b876-0698005b7bf4-1
00:48:12.083 --> 00:48:13.600
embrace within academia.

3031298e-cd18-4bf4-ae1b-3ba54d7b3dd1-0
00:48:13.880 --> 00:48:16.040
So then I was like, OK, here's my sign.

b496ae61-4709-414d-a487-b6b97660edbd-0
00:48:16.160 --> 00:48:19.408
And at the same time,
we act was looking for a new

b496ae61-4709-414d-a487-b6b97660edbd-1
00:48:19.408 --> 00:48:21.320
environmental health director.

8404ed14-5372-4236-96f5-b7fdd1a0dc0e-0
00:48:21.320 --> 00:48:23.160
So it ended up being a really great fit.

2d565ef9-6592-41d8-8fda-1009d77a7233-0
00:48:23.480 --> 00:48:26.084
But I think all that is to say,
like I was mentioning earlier,

2d565ef9-6592-41d8-8fda-1009d77a7233-1
00:48:26.084 --> 00:48:28.440
you don't know where your research is
going to take you.

4c377071-a2db-4684-b16f-24e89775e02a-0
00:48:28.760 --> 00:48:32.632
And sometimes you have to go to the
places where you will find support for

4c377071-a2db-4684-b16f-24e89775e02a-1
00:48:32.632 --> 00:48:33.200
your ideas.

394bee4f-2fb3-4b54-b2b4-c5b872512338-0
00:48:33.200 --> 00:48:35.960
And it might not always be your comfort
zone.

c0f29f33-3c3a-4e84-8af3-53a3bfccf779-0
00:48:36.040 --> 00:48:37.320
And so you might have to switch up.

0ee63d5b-a020-4075-9467-745499764040-0
00:48:40.040 --> 00:48:42.920
Hi, thank you for the speech is really,
really good.

c68056c3-7eb7-4279-98d0-84e9a4aee157-0
00:48:42.920 --> 00:48:46.827
We're going to ask because Sam State as a
school is very applicated for

c68056c3-7eb7-4279-98d0-84e9a4aee157-1
00:48:46.827 --> 00:48:50.897
sustainability within campus as well as
supporting the POC groups that our

c68056c3-7eb7-4279-98d0-84e9a4aee157-2
00:48:50.897 --> 00:48:51.440
community.

44b4f135-0e34-4f28-9848-eb70a1985817-0
00:48:51.840 --> 00:48:56.074
But I want to ask from your point of view
to the outside that wrote what we as

44b4f135-0e34-4f28-9848-eb70a1985817-1
00:48:56.074 --> 00:48:58.647
individuals,
as students can also do to further

44b4f135-0e34-4f28-9848-eb70a1985817-2
00:48:58.647 --> 00:48:59.880
support our POC groups.

acf0a626-6607-47c6-ace5-4756cd4a64e8-0
00:49:00.200 --> 00:49:01.480
Yeah, thank you for that.

bc1e9273-8ec8-4de5-a9d4-0e4d6d1edd3e-0
00:49:03.240 --> 00:49:05.040
That's really a great question.

d5dcd75b-954b-4fe6-bf71-5cccbd7987e7-0
00:49:05.040 --> 00:49:08.589
So one thing is when it comes to
structural racism,

d5dcd75b-954b-4fe6-bf71-5cccbd7987e7-1
00:49:08.589 --> 00:49:13.434
it's something that still a lot of
society is just even learning to be

d5dcd75b-954b-4fe6-bf71-5cccbd7987e7-2
00:49:13.434 --> 00:49:15.960
comfortable with, like talking about.

50c72195-444d-4775-aa93-759b55e7a33e-0
00:49:16.200 --> 00:49:18.530
I don't know if you noticed during my
talk,

50c72195-444d-4775-aa93-759b55e7a33e-1
00:49:18.530 --> 00:49:22.080
but I very intentionally use the word
white supremacy a few times.

cdff65a4-976c-4656-8350-26b88a437343-0
00:49:22.400 --> 00:49:25.240
That's a word that a lot of people are
really uncomfortable with.

c7daeb66-b27c-48f6-b995-303fb4dd9566-0
00:49:25.560 --> 00:49:28.523
But in reality,
for us to be able to actually move

c7daeb66-b27c-48f6-b995-303fb4dd9566-1
00:49:28.523 --> 00:49:32.009
forward as a society,
we have to acknowledge the harms that

c7daeb66-b27c-48f6-b995-303fb4dd9566-2
00:49:32.009 --> 00:49:36.600
have been done and start to normalize the
conversate these hard conversations.

0283d072-a3dd-4ade-90f9-42d407ae9e7a-0
00:49:36.920 --> 00:49:40.225
So honestly,
it can be as easy like supporting POC

0283d072-a3dd-4ade-90f9-42d407ae9e7a-1
00:49:40.225 --> 00:49:44.048
communities can be as easy as like in
casual conversation,

0283d072-a3dd-4ade-90f9-42d407ae9e7a-2
00:49:44.048 --> 00:49:49.038
acknowledging that like something is
white supremacist or like that a system

0283d072-a3dd-4ade-90f9-42d407ae9e7a-3
00:49:49.038 --> 00:49:53.640
is very intentionally set up to harm some
people and then lift others.

a195c2b6-594f-4ac6-9170-ec3032e5a87a-0
00:49:53.960 --> 00:49:58.447
And that's why like social movements are
so important because if you think of

a195c2b6-594f-4ac6-9170-ec3032e5a87a-1
00:49:58.447 --> 00:50:01.726
things like the civil rights movement or
even, you know,

a195c2b6-594f-4ac6-9170-ec3032e5a87a-2
00:50:01.726 --> 00:50:05.926
now with the climate movement that like
these, you often think like, oh,

a195c2b6-594f-4ac6-9170-ec3032e5a87a-3
00:50:05.926 --> 00:50:10.414
these are these really huge things that
like me as an individual might not be

a195c2b6-594f-4ac6-9170-ec3032e5a87a-4
00:50:10.414 --> 00:50:11.680
able to contribute to.

647933d6-8889-448e-b6e8-510f886758c2-0
00:50:11.960 --> 00:50:16.864
But these big movements always start with
individuals like in their local frontline,

647933d6-8889-448e-b6e8-510f886758c2-1
00:50:16.864 --> 00:50:18.480
like dealing with the issue.

eb66147b-13a4-42fb-98eb-4c1b118d5c3b-0
00:50:18.800 --> 00:50:21.547
And when it comes to things like climate
change,

eb66147b-13a4-42fb-98eb-4c1b118d5c3b-1
00:50:21.547 --> 00:50:25.080
when it comes to things like racism,
it really starts at home.

feb49ad5-8ae3-4964-8ada-ed38edf99a3e-0
00:50:25.120 --> 00:50:29.224
And the social,
the amazing thing about social movements

feb49ad5-8ae3-4964-8ada-ed38edf99a3e-1
00:50:29.224 --> 00:50:34.120
is like, just like an epidemic can spread,
social norms can spread.

89ec8c18-f957-44ea-abb7-d24269b2a287-0
00:50:34.120 --> 00:50:37.720
Like information spreads through social
networks very widely.

7866e7bd-4eb1-43a4-aee6-596f22d1846b-0
00:50:37.720 --> 00:50:43.484
So even just like what you normalize here
on campus will impact, Salem will impact,

7866e7bd-4eb1-43a4-aee6-596f22d1846b-1
00:50:43.484 --> 00:50:45.680
then, you know, like it spreads.

8b2f03d4-341a-4531-8b66-792bd9df362a-0
00:50:45.680 --> 00:50:47.600
And I think that that's a really powerful
thing.

78d1a3f5-4aa7-4563-a1ce-8e70b0760ea3-0
00:50:49.920 --> 00:50:50.120
Yep.

66f4d33a-80f0-47db-8ba4-7a3a559d1442-0
00:50:52.480 --> 00:50:52.680
Oh, yeah.

4bd8e90e-9e41-40bc-8cf3-0dd924dc7b82-0
00:50:52.920 --> 00:50:54.320
Who can get to 1st?

e215c266-3a61-4d1e-be47-d16ea70e70f6-0
00:50:56.040 --> 00:50:59.200
So I have a question about testing on the
products that we use.

a13412ad-1ece-4743-b5ec-78911a7e867d-0
00:50:59.400 --> 00:51:03.091
So like you walk in the target,
there's a bunch of beauty products there,

a13412ad-1ece-4743-b5ec-78911a7e867d-1
00:51:03.091 --> 00:51:03.840
whatever it is.

1577d8df-ec3c-46bf-9dcf-1fc8fd69189a-0
00:51:04.960 --> 00:51:08.480
Is there any actual testing that happens
on these products that we use?

4d684ae2-6bfe-4890-9f25-554b18d22330-0
00:51:08.480 --> 00:51:08.760
No.

3022b508-5176-4a44-a6f8-668e0ca673ac-0
00:51:08.760 --> 00:51:11.600
So, yeah, so there is not.

e5d296b0-cf1e-414a-b86f-3899edb7def9-0
00:51:11.600 --> 00:51:15.041
So one of the big misconceptions in the
United States,

e5d296b0-cf1e-414a-b86f-3899edb7def9-1
00:51:15.041 --> 00:51:19.234
so there was recently a research study by
the Lake Research Group,

e5d296b0-cf1e-414a-b86f-3899edb7def9-2
00:51:19.234 --> 00:51:24.365
which does like these massive studies of
like American polling for various things

e5d296b0-cf1e-414a-b86f-3899edb7def9-3
00:51:24.365 --> 00:51:25.680
in the United States.

20a421ff-a17c-4aab-8685-1bd4f5fc6ec3-0
00:51:26.080 --> 00:51:31.085
And one thing that they found in a study
in 2022 was that like 75% of Americans

20a421ff-a17c-4aab-8685-1bd4f5fc6ec3-1
00:51:31.085 --> 00:51:36.153
are under the impression that products
are tested for safety before they land on

20a421ff-a17c-4aab-8685-1bd4f5fc6ec3-2
00:51:36.153 --> 00:51:37.280
the store shelves.

412a99b5-5946-47ca-90b2-8972d0b812dd-0
00:51:37.600 --> 00:51:42.130
But that's just absolutely not the case
in the United States when it comes to

412a99b5-5946-47ca-90b2-8972d0b812dd-1
00:51:42.130 --> 00:51:44.280
cosmetics and personal care products.

0d6d8e7a-6be6-4d35-9dea-7d3660c00fdb-0
00:51:44.520 --> 00:51:47.352
The federal government,
the arm of the federal government that

0d6d8e7a-6be6-4d35-9dea-7d3660c00fdb-1
00:51:47.352 --> 00:51:49.600
regulates that is a Food and Drug
Administration.

53f748f3-ee43-46c7-8e93-78944fa348ba-0
00:51:50.200 --> 00:51:53.424
In 2022,
they updated their regulations for

53f748f3-ee43-46c7-8e93-78944fa348ba-1
00:51:53.424 --> 00:51:58.480
cosmetics and personal care products for
the first time in 78 years.

9ef1e8f5-5ffe-4f23-bcea-7361de418cf6-0
00:51:58.800 --> 00:52:01.966
And in fact,
they rolled back a lot of the safety

9ef1e8f5-5ffe-4f23-bcea-7361de418cf6-1
00:52:01.966 --> 00:52:02.600
standards.

32933ddb-5458-4822-9ae0-179cd7ea6a21-0
00:52:02.920 --> 00:52:08.170
So to give you an example of how bad and
lacks of federal regulations are,

32933ddb-5458-4822-9ae0-179cd7ea6a21-1
00:52:08.170 --> 00:52:13.770
it wasn't only until December 2022 that
now companies are required to report to

32933ddb-5458-4822-9ae0-179cd7ea6a21-2
00:52:13.770 --> 00:52:18.040
the FDA, not publicly,
but reports of the FDA when there's a

32933ddb-5458-4822-9ae0-179cd7ea6a21-3
00:52:18.040 --> 00:52:23.080
serious adverse health outcome from a
beauty of personal care products.

b2c65c14-fcb6-4e67-888b-4a5622fcb5d2-0
00:52:23.240 --> 00:52:28.708
What I mean by serious is if someone dies,
if a baby is born with a congenital

b2c65c14-fcb6-4e67-888b-4a5622fcb5d2-1
00:52:28.708 --> 00:52:31.200
disease, if someone is hospitalized.

e01968fb-e1f2-4e0c-bf4e-04c909872b8d-0
00:52:31.440 --> 00:52:36.913
So it's only as of like a year and some
change ago that companies even have to

e01968fb-e1f2-4e0c-bf4e-04c909872b8d-1
00:52:36.913 --> 00:52:39.200
report death from these products.

7d4136d6-a786-4989-8d21-92c2323182f1-0
00:52:39.400 --> 00:52:41.960
So that's how far behind we are now.

a9029aa2-92f7-491e-99f3-75ac28a78c8a-0
00:52:41.960 --> 00:52:46.680
There are some really great resources for
actually looking at your products.

571d0717-5111-4c23-ac00-c2b52993ac6f-0
00:52:46.680 --> 00:52:50.922
I, I don't think I have the Internet,
so I can't put it up,

571d0717-5111-4c23-ac00-c2b52993ac6f-1
00:52:50.922 --> 00:52:56.508
but Clearia CLEARYA is an app that you
can use and this is developed by a very

571d0717-5111-4c23-ac00-c2b52993ac6f-2
00:52:56.508 --> 00:52:57.639
close colleague.

07ffe90f-5e55-4489-a1de-77056b9927f3-0
00:52:58.600 --> 00:53:02.260
And you can, if you're,
you can actually do shopping at like

07ffe90f-5e55-4489-a1de-77056b9927f3-1
00:53:02.260 --> 00:53:03.880
Sephora Walmart through it.

709be5e3-217c-49ca-9d47-8cbb63570894-0
00:53:03.880 --> 00:53:07.200
And it will tell you what are the toxic
chemicals in your products.

5c0163a3-4f44-4cf1-b3e5-3bef59ba40c9-0
00:53:07.200 --> 00:53:10.520
It will make recommendations for safer
alternatives.

6a63e8d2-ebf1-434e-bcd1-c73986fc7ac3-0
00:53:10.920 --> 00:53:15.505
But also you can use this app and you can
scan the ingredients of any product you

6a63e8d2-ebf1-434e-bcd1-c73986fc7ac3-1
00:53:15.505 --> 00:53:20.146
have and it will give you a breakdown of
every chemical and it will tell you like,

6a63e8d2-ebf1-434e-bcd1-c73986fc7ac3-2
00:53:20.146 --> 00:53:22.159
oh, this chemicals banned in the EU.

e268065d-e1e2-43b0-b241-db52f2bdd418-0
00:53:22.160 --> 00:53:23.320
It is like not allowed.

d2c9c987-0d52-4c3e-8164-e6a65b2c552c-0
00:53:23.320 --> 00:53:28.460
But here it is in your lipstick or,
but so there are tools out there to be

d2c9c987-0d52-4c3e-8164-e6a65b2c552c-1
00:53:28.460 --> 00:53:32.024
able to do shopping,
but it's 100% on the consumer,

d2c9c987-0d52-4c3e-8164-e6a65b2c552c-2
00:53:32.024 --> 00:53:35.519
like it's 100% on us,
which is really unfortunate.

10961d71-77ab-465e-946b-b23ccf273a06-0
00:53:35.520 --> 00:53:37.600
And it was why we're trying to pass new
laws.

8c78cd39-be3d-410d-bfe8-f3fe23d1225a-0
00:53:39.400 --> 00:53:39.640
Yeah.

f26e9b05-304d-4066-b7dc-8e782394ecd0-0
00:53:39.920 --> 00:53:40.280
Clear.

0e634d57-de02-453a-bc51-e6d7cd74fb11-0
00:53:40.280 --> 00:53:40.520
Yeah.

99701320-fa56-4a63-8f02-e245f55d2823-0
00:53:40.520 --> 00:53:41.800
CLEARYA.

188309cc-63ac-4451-8fc0-14bf206f9827-0
00:53:41.800 --> 00:53:42.360
Yeah, that's it.

90d9d80e-e300-4bbf-8dcf-d7237b22f59c-0
00:53:42.360 --> 00:53:44.979
And,
and the other cool thing is if you use it,

90d9d80e-e300-4bbf-8dcf-d7237b22f59c-1
00:53:44.979 --> 00:53:47.981
we're about to,
we're right now we're working on this,

90d9d80e-e300-4bbf-8dcf-d7237b22f59c-2
00:53:47.981 --> 00:53:51.747
developing a research arm for that so
that when people are using it,

90d9d80e-e300-4bbf-8dcf-d7237b22f59c-3
00:53:51.747 --> 00:53:56.004
you can like opt in to be a community
researcher so that when you're scanning

90d9d80e-e300-4bbf-8dcf-d7237b22f59c-4
00:53:56.004 --> 00:53:59.880
products ingredient list so that we can
get the data and analyse them.

43fc48c4-232b-4882-890e-b4f65a5a37d1-0
00:53:59.880 --> 00:54:03.600
Is the EU better than the US?

111bd3c9-ccd8-49b0-b510-e51dd7537aad-0
00:54:03.600 --> 00:54:04.040
Yeah.

fbd05ea1-b97f-4821-abd3-33a7a3b84b44-0
00:54:04.040 --> 00:54:06.200
So it's interesting when it comes to the
EU.

17c7abcb-0ea8-42b2-8409-1af0dd5c8264-0
00:54:06.200 --> 00:54:12.800
So the EU has a has banned over 2500
chemicals from cosmetics.

fd94cf50-2318-4a03-9d89-8dfcbd32b5d5-0
00:54:13.000 --> 00:54:17.400
The US has banned 11, so yeah.

81bbc10f-6141-4b8b-9b0d-4f835ab93c90-0
00:54:17.400 --> 00:54:18.960
So we're like, really bad.

d6944092-16a3-4bdb-8304-c71fb1f4df16-0
00:54:19.240 --> 00:54:23.969
But there are some chemicals in cosmetics
that are still rampantly used,

d6944092-16a3-4bdb-8304-c71fb1f4df16-1
00:54:23.969 --> 00:54:29.217
like pigments that tend to contain heavy
metals that are used like lipsticks and

d6944092-16a3-4bdb-8304-c71fb1f4df16-2
00:54:29.217 --> 00:54:31.680
such that the EU still has not banned.

dd9b5521-1319-4680-bb27-6ff3fcb34a7e-0
00:54:32.000 --> 00:54:33.840
And we're hoping that they will.

c711150f-ab03-4121-b700-bcb782574d66-0
00:54:34.480 --> 00:54:36.360
So the EU is still not perfect.

9653c6d5-8e72-43a5-ac00-a04812cfa9f7-0
00:54:36.360 --> 00:54:40.360
There are some still toxins in their in
their products.

625f79d0-a750-40f3-adbb-5a3d6d862f40-0
00:54:42.000 --> 00:54:42.240
Yep.

6a755df4-5e59-4d0d-a9b9-4e13102f813b-0
00:54:42.400 --> 00:54:43.040
In the back.

6394b24f-1a14-4789-8813-7e42894d7f46-0
00:54:45.040 --> 00:54:45.480
Are you sure?

89cd35b7-52ff-43ef-938a-4feff64d9e65-0
00:54:45.520 --> 00:54:45.840
OK.

b3bce42b-91f0-47c0-ab14-504305ceb590-0
00:54:52.760 --> 00:54:56.517
Canada is also way better than us too,
so if you can get Canadian products

b3bce42b-91f0-47c0-ab14-504305ceb590-1
00:54:56.517 --> 00:54:57.720
easily, they'll be safe.

9ee0d8de-5148-4327-9e20-ba8be4e40cda-0
00:54:59.360 --> 00:55:05.876
So I've noticed curly hair products and
things like that that are more embracing

9ee0d8de-5148-4327-9e20-ba8be4e40cda-1
00:55:05.876 --> 00:55:11.507
and I'm just wondering if there's like a
correlation to some of this,

9ee0d8de-5148-4327-9e20-ba8be4e40cda-2
00:55:11.507 --> 00:55:16.414
like harmful as the curly hair products
become more popular,

9ee0d8de-5148-4327-9e20-ba8be4e40cda-3
00:55:16.414 --> 00:55:21.000
are there similar chemical detriments in
those products?

4e039510-fc7d-4ef0-96f4-e51e2d9ca032-0
00:55:21.240 --> 00:55:21.720
Yeah.

8bfbce6c-b45a-4013-982f-855f052735eb-0
00:55:21.720 --> 00:55:23.400
So this is one thing.

d71a488a-2874-46aa-bf58-a3e1b04a81b6-0
00:55:23.440 --> 00:55:27.600
This this is another product class that
tends to be very problematic.

ab60a0cc-c3d5-4abc-8ad1-52f81c2ba616-0
00:55:27.840 --> 00:55:29.961
Again,
like we pretty consistently see that

ab60a0cc-c3d5-4abc-8ad1-52f81c2ba616-1
00:55:29.961 --> 00:55:33.818
products that are marketed to women of
color tend to be some of the nastiest in

ab60a0cc-c3d5-4abc-8ad1-52f81c2ba616-2
00:55:33.818 --> 00:55:35.120
terms of their formulation.

1f45a75f-c272-4366-861e-a3d1cc83f11e-0
00:55:36.240 --> 00:55:36.600
Yeah.

22764087-a248-401b-a656-c97443237a78-0
00:55:36.600 --> 00:55:41.902
So one of the big issues when it comes to
curly hair products is endocrine

22764087-a248-401b-a656-c97443237a78-1
00:55:41.902 --> 00:55:42.680
disruptors.

4b760ede-ab71-42a4-b1d9-45fc70456324-0
00:55:42.880 --> 00:55:49.753
So our endocrine system is like our
hormonal system and there are there's

4b760ede-ab71-42a4-b1d9-45fc70456324-1
00:55:49.753 --> 00:55:56.905
kind of classes of chemicals that are
often used in beauty products that are

4b760ede-ab71-42a4-b1d9-45fc70456324-2
00:55:56.905 --> 00:56:02.200
particularly impacting the female
reproductive hormones.

54f8b30d-c4ce-44f9-a46c-dbb708327e49-0
00:56:02.600 --> 00:56:08.014
And so we see that these endocrine
disruptors tend to be prevalent in curly

54f8b30d-c4ce-44f9-a46c-dbb708327e49-1
00:56:08.014 --> 00:56:12.360
hair products and like certain pomades
and things like that.

fa7cddbe-1503-49a9-9192-39167a698fb3-0
00:56:12.800 --> 00:56:17.364
And so that's something that we're trying
to actually expand our work on right now,

fa7cddbe-1503-49a9-9192-39167a698fb3-1
00:56:17.364 --> 00:56:19.320
like using actually the Clearia app.

d7a7b0ed-5b4f-478b-b175-af378b5f4c1a-0
00:56:20.200 --> 00:56:22.650
So Sally Beauty Supply,
I don't know if any of you,

d7a7b0ed-5b4f-478b-b175-af378b5f4c1a-1
00:56:22.650 --> 00:56:26.467
if there's Sally Beauty Supply in Salem,
it's like a really common beauty supply

d7a7b0ed-5b4f-478b-b175-af378b5f4c1a-2
00:56:26.467 --> 00:56:28.635
store,
but they sell a lot of like hair dyes,

d7a7b0ed-5b4f-478b-b175-af378b5f4c1a-3
00:56:28.635 --> 00:56:30.520
hair straighteners, curly hair products.

014f9c82-e37c-468b-bfe5-f990deba01b5-0
00:56:30.880 --> 00:56:36.120
So right now we're trying to crawl every
product on their website to look at all.

a01443db-44ae-43e8-bce3-b4b62c40584b-0
00:56:36.280 --> 00:56:40.676
Are there more endocrine disruptors in
those curly hair products marketed

a01443db-44ae-43e8-bce3-b4b62c40584b-1
00:56:40.676 --> 00:56:45.311
towards women of color compared to the
products that are marketed more to the

a01443db-44ae-43e8-bce3-b4b62c40584b-2
00:56:45.311 --> 00:56:46.440
general population?

fd853463-5ca4-4325-bdd2-5c23626bd9e2-0
00:56:46.720 --> 00:56:50.977
Because what we see from like the smaller
studies that there tends to be, yeah,

fd853463-5ca4-4325-bdd2-5c23626bd9e2-1
00:56:50.977 --> 00:56:52.840
more of these endocrine disruptors.

11cbe712-b46a-40bf-b6d8-c60a76dd1194-0
00:56:52.960 --> 00:56:57.730
And it's really unfortunate because
there's no regulation in terms of how

11cbe712-b46a-40bf-b6d8-c60a76dd1194-1
00:56:57.730 --> 00:56:59.600
companies AD like advertised.

3e3c8dc8-e2ef-4db8-a4d9-72f22b07ec6a-0
00:56:59.600 --> 00:57:02.277
So you can see a product that will say
all natural,

3e3c8dc8-e2ef-4db8-a4d9-72f22b07ec6a-1
00:57:02.277 --> 00:57:04.800
like it'll be like all natural,
organic cleaned,

3e3c8dc8-e2ef-4db8-a4d9-72f22b07ec6a-2
00:57:04.800 --> 00:57:08.970
because those things don't have any legal
definitions when it comes to cosmetics

3e3c8dc8-e2ef-4db8-a4d9-72f22b07ec6a-3
00:57:08.970 --> 00:57:10.000
and beauty products.

65ce5726-77d0-4564-a79a-b2cdb83b0c87-0
00:57:10.000 --> 00:57:12.400
So they'll stick plaster that all over.

7880867a-37c4-4250-a897-b90d897b9320-0
00:57:12.720 --> 00:57:15.687
And then if you do an analysis of the
ingredients, you're like, oh,

7880867a-37c4-4250-a897-b90d897b9320-1
00:57:15.687 --> 00:57:17.520
there's some endocrine disruptors in here.

6f5d6406-2a34-42ac-8fda-852fc90b2629-0
00:57:17.520 --> 00:57:20.120
They're like ingredients derived from
fossil fuels.

ea8a57a4-5274-4a61-bcde-b5fb6bfb20b3-0
00:57:20.120 --> 00:57:24.680
Like you'll see all kinds of yeah,
surprising and toxic things.

2ea740e0-de26-47a2-ae5d-02bef6c571db-0
00:57:25.520 --> 00:57:29.328
So do you see a correlation between price
of the products, especially like Amazon,

2ea740e0-de26-47a2-ae5d-02bef6c571db-1
00:57:29.328 --> 00:57:31.440
it's so much cheaper to buy things on
Amazon.

9f30ce7d-1863-42f3-9aa7-2a72789263e8-0
00:57:31.440 --> 00:57:33.680
Anybody can sell things on Amazon, right?

2dbbc7b8-7382-4d48-8701-7260105f5165-0
00:57:33.960 --> 00:57:38.572
So do you see like a correlation in being
targeted for maybe specific audiences,

2dbbc7b8-7382-4d48-8701-7260105f5165-1
00:57:38.572 --> 00:57:40.680
something cheap that will work right?

732cb40d-130f-458d-882d-21edcbc0b8fd-0
00:57:40.680 --> 00:57:43.215
And if we,
the community is not aware of that and

732cb40d-130f-458d-882d-21edcbc0b8fd-1
00:57:43.215 --> 00:57:47.018
you tell me like this product here,
we might have something like I grew up

732cb40d-130f-458d-882d-21edcbc0b8fd-2
00:57:47.018 --> 00:57:49.960
with people just put it from how they had
in their hairs.

13db606b-65f6-455f-82ca-dbd50c9efcfb-0
00:57:49.960 --> 00:57:52.000
And it's just a normal thing you just
like.

c89d71e9-ab26-45a2-890a-565d174bd286-0
00:57:52.320 --> 00:57:54.560
And I go to the salons and my mom just
sit.

e2909f85-9554-4fcd-aaa8-9079c4061635-0
00:57:54.640 --> 00:57:55.600
Just close your nose.

c9389c51-dc89-4fb0-9294-830a4cfb505b-0
00:57:56.760 --> 00:57:57.120
Yeah.

6383f0be-6059-4ea9-8d84-31f6e2dac55a-0
00:57:57.120 --> 00:57:57.960
And that was it, right.

b3358e01-4de5-4027-9a9e-cae5d4685ccd-0
00:57:57.960 --> 00:58:03.000
So like if it says it's cheap and works,
you see a correlation of those products

b3358e01-4de5-4027-9a9e-cae5d4685ccd-1
00:58:03.000 --> 00:58:07.480
the best sellers to others that might be
safer but much more expensive.

c827e848-7a9c-46b5-8361-b01462848a29-0
00:58:07.600 --> 00:58:10.498
Yes,
surprisingly there isn't actually a

c827e848-7a9c-46b5-8361-b01462848a29-1
00:58:10.498 --> 00:58:12.760
straight correlation with price.

864f5240-8a79-4fcd-84e7-0f966b572821-0
00:58:12.760 --> 00:58:16.326
And I usually when I'm giving a tutorial
on the Claria app,

864f5240-8a79-4fcd-84e7-0f966b572821-1
00:58:16.326 --> 00:58:20.487
I always show how I bought this like
really expensive Gucci lipstick,

864f5240-8a79-4fcd-84e7-0f966b572821-2
00:58:20.487 --> 00:58:23.400
but I was like, oh,
my fancy expensive lipstick.

a502158d-9466-4bb3-aa83-d7c0279dd73e-0
00:58:23.640 --> 00:58:26.085
And that if you actually do a chemical
analysis,

a502158d-9466-4bb3-aa83-d7c0279dd73e-1
00:58:26.085 --> 00:58:29.480
it's like one of the worst lipsticks you
could even buy at Sephora.

3cab979b-309f-4231-84f2-77536b74c91a-0
00:58:29.800 --> 00:58:32.911
So no,
actually some of the high end brands are

3cab979b-309f-4231-84f2-77536b74c91a-1
00:58:32.911 --> 00:58:33.560
the worst.

63b269e2-b47e-42e1-8bfe-0bf3c20ce806-0
00:58:33.560 --> 00:58:38.613
And we see that actually also when it
comes to pollution and climate change in

63b269e2-b47e-42e1-8bfe-0bf3c20ce806-1
00:58:38.613 --> 00:58:41.876
general,
like high end brands like Louis Vuitton's

63b269e2-b47e-42e1-8bfe-0bf3c20ce806-2
00:58:41.876 --> 00:58:45.202
and such,
they're the ones burning there textiles 4

63b269e2-b47e-42e1-8bfe-0bf3c20ce806-3
00:58:45.202 --> 00:58:48.721
* a year being some of the worst
pollutants, you know,

63b269e2-b47e-42e1-8bfe-0bf3c20ce806-4
00:58:48.721 --> 00:58:51.920
worst pigments used in clothes and dies
and such.

f2898048-ff1c-41e9-bbf9-4e57de571125-0
00:58:52.120 --> 00:58:56.696
So no, there actually is not that,
at least when it comes to like super high

f2898048-ff1c-41e9-bbf9-4e57de571125-1
00:58:56.696 --> 00:58:58.480
end to kind of mid end brands.

35188942-a1cb-41a9-a569-be287ba7238d-0
00:58:58.800 --> 00:58:59.960
But we don't know.

1f163764-96e4-4e32-a5dd-7cdc7e498399-0
00:59:00.040 --> 00:59:04.674
I haven't seen any analysis yet that's
looked at, let's say, you know,

1f163764-96e4-4e32-a5dd-7cdc7e498399-1
00:59:04.674 --> 00:59:09.765
comparison of, you know, you can get,
let's say a comparison of like a dollar

1f163764-96e4-4e32-a5dd-7cdc7e498399-2
00:59:09.765 --> 00:59:13.160
lipsticks to like 4 or $5 ones,
that kind of thing.

4969683b-2bf5-4f08-8fe5-4bb3a07afa6f-0
00:59:14.040 --> 00:59:18.449
But when it comes to like the mid range
stuff and the really high range stuff,

4969683b-2bf5-4f08-8fe5-4bb3a07afa6f-1
00:59:18.449 --> 00:59:21.240
now some of the designer stuff is like
the worst.

eb179225-3a15-4a05-9c10-2c3d5ab29219-0
00:59:21.360 --> 00:59:25.336
But a part of this is also coming from
the fact that it's,

eb179225-3a15-4a05-9c10-2c3d5ab29219-1
00:59:25.336 --> 00:59:27.560
it's just like business as usual.

ba67ecbb-5b60-46a2-a371-d663948bf741-0
00:59:27.560 --> 00:59:30.149
Like,
there's some toxins that have just been

ba67ecbb-5b60-46a2-a371-d663948bf741-1
00:59:30.149 --> 00:59:33.414
used for so long,
for so many decades that companies just

ba67ecbb-5b60-46a2-a371-d663948bf741-2
00:59:33.414 --> 00:59:35.160
are not wanting to reformulate.

2ebfafe0-d47f-4cac-9186-be29f32ccc29-0
00:59:35.360 --> 00:59:41.871
So you might have a company that's just
been using the same, like, pigments and,

2ebfafe0-d47f-4cac-9186-be29f32ccc29-1
00:59:41.871 --> 00:59:43.560
you know, what is it?

dd5f02a6-3e24-4256-b92b-1a6bd1b212e4-0
00:59:43.880 --> 00:59:47.000
Preservatives for 50 years in their line.

ba99a334-f0f4-4d54-9007-e781d9228829-0
00:59:47.000 --> 00:59:49.160
And people always loved them and they're
not going to change it.

657a2f2e-89a0-41ae-91b7-e2a16cc03cfa-0
00:59:50.440 --> 00:59:50.840
Yeah.

da3f89f2-bb4b-4f37-bd48-99c6f5a76fb1-0
00:59:50.840 --> 00:59:53.400
So expensive isn't necessarily safer.

0617ec26-aa44-4950-a92c-9a2c3614df0e-0
00:59:55.040 --> 00:59:55.640
Oh yes.

d1b3deb9-0dc5-44f9-99b0-517869096deb-0
00:59:56.360 --> 00:59:59.320
Is there a functional reason for why you
want endocrine disruptors?

564dac3f-9ab4-49d3-85cd-5633c541cf7b-0
01:00:01.200 --> 01:00:03.743
No,
I don't know they terms of the endocrine

564dac3f-9ab4-49d3-85cd-5633c541cf7b-1
01:00:03.743 --> 01:00:06.569
disruptors,
what their purpose is serving because

564dac3f-9ab4-49d3-85cd-5633c541cf7b-2
01:00:06.569 --> 01:00:10.355
there are some, you know,
there are some things where it's like an

564dac3f-9ab4-49d3-85cd-5633c541cf7b-3
01:00:10.355 --> 01:00:12.560
obvious reason why you have this toxin.

addc0087-3e69-4b09-8aa5-9bc0f6a98076-0
01:00:12.840 --> 01:00:18.014
Like some of the pigments when they're
mined they will have heavy metals or like

addc0087-3e69-4b09-8aa5-9bc0f6a98076-1
01:00:18.014 --> 01:00:22.997
you mind for talc you can get asbestos
PFAS which is like the flame retardant

addc0087-3e69-4b09-8aa5-9bc0f6a98076-2
01:00:22.997 --> 01:00:26.000
that's used a lot in like anything
waterproof.

719a8023-67fa-47f4-9be4-2c8688793269-0
01:00:26.360 --> 01:00:29.508
Your waterproof mascara probably has pee
fast in it,

719a8023-67fa-47f4-9be4-2c8688793269-1
01:00:29.508 --> 01:00:32.360
but that's because it's wicking away the
water.

2adfa9dd-c5d7-481a-a2d3-5d4b2cd5277d-0
01:00:32.360 --> 01:00:34.860
Or like if you have lipstick that's like
smear proof,

2adfa9dd-c5d7-481a-a2d3-5d4b2cd5277d-1
01:00:34.860 --> 01:00:37.360
it's going to have pee fast to keep it
from smearing.

a03c09f4-4bff-46db-adbd-82dd3dfa78b6-0
01:00:37.600 --> 01:00:40.773
But the endocrine disruptors I honestly
have not found, like,

a03c09f4-4bff-46db-adbd-82dd3dfa78b6-1
01:00:40.773 --> 01:00:43.179
what is the reason for that or this,
you know,

a03c09f4-4bff-46db-adbd-82dd3dfa78b6-2
01:00:43.179 --> 01:00:45.944
because a lot of these things tend to be
like mimics,

a03c09f4-4bff-46db-adbd-82dd3dfa78b6-3
01:00:45.944 --> 01:00:47.480
like estrogen mimics and such.

165b909a-a56b-4248-9779-45abb36de239-0
01:00:47.480 --> 01:00:50.800
And so, yeah, I'm really not sure,
but that's a good question.

cf983984-fdbd-4076-a7af-b832c0611cea-0
01:00:50.800 --> 01:00:53.720
I'll talk to some of my toxicologist
colleagues about that.

e2f80251-22ff-41f5-b57d-6eeea032aa2d-0
01:00:53.960 --> 01:00:54.120
Yeah.

dd85ab20-5952-4c0a-9b6b-aece8e740b34-0
01:00:54.120 --> 01:00:56.920
Because I'm wondering,
are they preservatives?

9b47ec13-687a-4737-aa72-14a858054149-0
01:00:58.120 --> 01:00:58.840
I don't know.

84984584-fe32-482a-a432-3678df060066-0
01:00:58.840 --> 01:00:59.880
They might be.

b1d19cf5-cdb5-4274-8a3c-78760d4f242c-0
01:00:59.880 --> 01:01:02.422
I mean,
so formaldehyde is like the formaldehyde

b1d19cf5-cdb5-4274-8a3c-78760d4f242c-1
01:01:02.422 --> 01:01:05.742
releasers are the main preservative that
is found in cosmetics,

b1d19cf5-cdb5-4274-8a3c-78760d4f242c-2
01:01:05.742 --> 01:01:09.581
which is why we're trying to get a
formaldehyde band for cosmetics in New

b1d19cf5-cdb5-4274-8a3c-78760d4f242c-3
01:01:09.581 --> 01:01:10.359
York right now.

39622276-9a31-4ffb-8ed6-7e3e5380f113-0
01:01:11.560 --> 01:01:13.200
But yeah, it could be.

195b7141-24ad-4227-93b9-44a0a1cd65dd-0
01:01:13.960 --> 01:01:14.920
I'll have to check into it.

f7d63222-7f72-4b18-9a08-a3ee7130aece-0
01:01:15.440 --> 01:01:19.896
All the endometric disruptors are,
you know, for mite,

f7d63222-7f72-4b18-9a08-a3ee7130aece-1
01:01:19.896 --> 01:01:21.760
keep mite numbers down.

db10c999-e298-4e10-a0c1-23d8eeb63f89-0
01:01:22.560 --> 01:01:23.200
I see.

b09256cd-b8eb-43f5-9ca3-bed395fba233-0
01:01:23.200 --> 01:01:25.080
Yeah, that could be Yep.

62a87123-9a16-44dd-8646-f4bf6df7ed2e-0
01:01:25.360 --> 01:01:28.600
They might just be trying to bring fungal
levels down.

8e28fbec-5c4b-4576-b7dc-d053afd8e4ad-0
01:01:28.600 --> 01:01:31.680
Yeah, Yep, that definitely could be.

5364fa57-deb7-4013-b568-97a62d1f5289-0
01:01:32.120 --> 01:01:32.520
Yeah.

cbef6423-0a51-4e26-8c23-3595c9d11f92-0
01:01:33.000 --> 01:01:36.493
Yeah,
Because there's some things like mercury

cbef6423-0a51-4e26-8c23-3595c9d11f92-1
01:01:36.493 --> 01:01:41.400
or mercury actually is still using eye
area cosmetics for a anti.

e5c2a9fc-2f1d-4bd3-8cf4-34d490fdbee6-0
01:01:41.520 --> 01:01:44.080
I think it's like can't remember which
bacteria.

a2f13cfd-d0a3-4b59-89b2-74ec35d712ea-0
01:01:44.080 --> 01:01:45.880
There's like one particular bacteria.

8b396c34-2179-47e3-82a7-bd53fdbf81b6-0
01:01:45.880 --> 01:01:48.640
Maybe it's like staph that it's, you know,
preventing.

f9323797-9ff9-4eb1-8aa0-22ed4daaa2d0-0
01:01:48.640 --> 01:01:51.800
So I think a lot of cosmetics are going
to have something in there that's like

f9323797-9ff9-4eb1-8aa0-22ed4daaa2d0-1
01:01:51.800 --> 01:01:52.240
antifungal.

6dc14fa3-4c1a-4846-ab4a-879b59665c8b-0
01:01:52.520 --> 01:01:56.040
So I'm like antibacterial anti.

d67f9329-d71a-4f00-ba2f-81c80f53fd90-0
01:01:56.120 --> 01:01:58.000
Yeah, like very.

453971f0-76ea-4a55-b10d-6e0508a2c634-0
01:02:00.440 --> 01:02:01.840
Oh yeah, that could be.

c13f880d-5901-4e9f-9c34-8d5ae877871c-0
01:02:01.840 --> 01:02:06.560
I'm going to definitely look into that
because there are yeah, yeah, yeah.

e1341fd8-7cb5-4f85-be44-6ef1ec8fd84c-0
01:02:06.560 --> 01:02:10.680
So then that's what I think about
endocrine disruptors.

9b2239aa-044b-4f00-b17a-45a6d2812fd6-0
01:02:12.280 --> 01:02:13.440
Yeah, that's fascinating.

0484eeb1-14ac-4220-8580-06f001a69062-0
01:02:14.080 --> 01:02:17.440
And it definitely could be that there is
that functional reason for it.

b55b326e-9a17-4fb5-a81d-e638bd32202c-0
01:02:18.560 --> 01:02:26.262
I have one more student, OK,
we're going to do this one in the front

b55b326e-9a17-4fb5-a81d-e638bd32202c-1
01:02:26.262 --> 01:02:31.732
first, OK,
just because I have the microphone up

b55b326e-9a17-4fb5-a81d-e638bd32202c-2
01:02:31.732 --> 01:02:32.960
here first.

d837056e-6d66-4562-9a93-0f1118f1c8d6-0
01:02:32.960 --> 01:02:34.120
We'll go here and then over here.

9244b567-5f77-456b-a18a-ae274dfcee58-0
01:02:36.200 --> 01:02:40.120
So there are like major brands and state
programs that claim to clean.

02f130ce-329f-40e3-bca9-b9caf3a673d7-0
01:02:40.920 --> 01:02:44.625
Do those,
Have you actually tested them and have

02f130ce-329f-40e3-bca9-b9caf3a673d7-1
01:02:44.625 --> 01:02:45.760
they come back?

70a0018a-5d67-4196-a1c9-e7bf40255a2d-0
01:02:45.760 --> 01:02:47.000
Actually, yeah.

431d581b-e828-4c4f-8132-47e370d3ecef-0
01:02:48.080 --> 01:02:49.720
So it depends on the brand.

2cf53b0c-8077-4a5a-80d7-e4625e14f798-0
01:02:49.720 --> 01:02:50.920
Some are and some aren't.

25a6f528-b6af-4c77-ba04-cd56bda3ef0e-0
01:02:50.920 --> 01:02:56.653
So there are brands that work really hard
and have scientists like toxicologists

25a6f528-b6af-4c77-ba04-cd56bda3ef0e-1
01:02:56.653 --> 01:03:00.405
and stuff like Beauty Counters 1 brand
Credo Beauty,

25a6f528-b6af-4c77-ba04-cd56bda3ef0e-2
01:03:00.405 --> 01:03:02.600
they sell several clean brands.

d5295830-babc-4292-b61c-e2c5345cf2f8-0
01:03:02.600 --> 01:03:07.887
So they have safe chemical policies that
usually are banning, you know,

d5295830-babc-4292-b61c-e2c5345cf2f8-1
01:03:07.887 --> 01:03:12.000
banning major chemical classes from their
formulations.

565fe38b-16ac-433b-87c7-c738acc32f20-0
01:03:12.320 --> 01:03:17.120
So you really have to look company by
company what their policy is.

856a2209-5961-4be6-bed0-b3e32bcc8215-0
01:03:17.120 --> 01:03:22.587
And sometimes you'll still find like,
you know, they've banned some things like,

856a2209-5961-4be6-bed0-b3e32bcc8215-1
01:03:22.587 --> 01:03:23.600
but not others.

ed8cc2fa-a6f8-4797-9aa6-9a5e10a9d8c2-0
01:03:23.600 --> 01:03:25.920
So it's really, it's really hit or miss.

c47650a1-26e4-452f-9fb1-a8f9bff41b9b-0
01:03:26.000 --> 01:03:28.600
And again,
because there's no legal definition of

c47650a1-26e4-452f-9fb1-a8f9bff41b9b-1
01:03:28.600 --> 01:03:31.668
clean or non-toxic,
companies can say that and they can be

c47650a1-26e4-452f-9fb1-a8f9bff41b9b-2
01:03:31.668 --> 01:03:33.800
telling the truth or they could be lying.

0679c280-8399-42c4-92dd-bfae8eaeb8c9-0
01:03:33.800 --> 01:03:40.840
You mentioned earlier about the roadside
Commission.

4a775b48-1e4a-4d7f-af6b-dcbfba877562-0
01:03:40.880 --> 01:03:44.053
Is the roadside Commission bad enough
that if you were to use a bicycle

4a775b48-1e4a-4d7f-af6b-dcbfba877562-1
01:03:44.053 --> 01:03:45.640
regularly, that would be a probably?

174b2653-66ed-48e6-9831-52f7e819f0fa-0
01:03:50.200 --> 01:03:50.760
Yeah.

6d6a93d0-3d6d-44e9-b70b-304df16c9053-0
01:03:50.760 --> 01:03:52.200
So that's an interesting question.

15b4d804-8ed8-4c66-92e0-d36349588d3c-0
01:03:52.200 --> 01:03:54.782
So there were there was a study done on
this,

15b4d804-8ed8-4c66-92e0-d36349588d3c-1
01:03:54.782 --> 01:03:59.105
it's called the bicycle study by my some
of my former colleagues at Columbia

15b4d804-8ed8-4c66-92e0-d36349588d3c-2
01:03:59.105 --> 01:04:03.259
School of Public Health where they put
air monitors on cyclists that were

15b4d804-8ed8-4c66-92e0-d36349588d3c-3
01:04:03.259 --> 01:04:05.000
commuting around New York City.

0fe13eff-5148-4953-ab4e-d3d22f445bec-0
01:04:05.480 --> 01:04:08.584
And you know,
what they ended up finding is like if

0fe13eff-5148-4953-ab4e-d3d22f445bec-1
01:04:08.584 --> 01:04:12.824
you're biking or you're running because
you're inhaling like more air,

0fe13eff-5148-4953-ab4e-d3d22f445bec-2
01:04:12.824 --> 01:04:17.421
like higher volume and a faster rate,
you are getting more air pollution for

0fe13eff-5148-4953-ab4e-d3d22f445bec-3
01:04:17.421 --> 01:04:17.720
sure.

7250c371-fe13-4db2-b1bf-4132c869a868-0
01:04:18.600 --> 01:04:22.724
But then the health benefits,
because you have to like weigh the costs

7250c371-fe13-4db2-b1bf-4132c869a868-1
01:04:22.724 --> 01:04:25.746
and benefits,
like the health benefits of doing the

7250c371-fe13-4db2-b1bf-4132c869a868-2
01:04:25.746 --> 01:04:29.057
cycling they're saying is probably
outweighing like the,

7250c371-fe13-4db2-b1bf-4132c869a868-3
01:04:29.057 --> 01:04:32.950
let's say heart benefits,
cardiovascular benefits of cycling is an

7250c371-fe13-4db2-b1bf-4132c869a868-4
01:04:32.950 --> 01:04:36.320
outweigh the cardiovascular harms from
the air pollution.

a1f64d57-54a1-41c8-a88a-570474fa4fd7-0
01:04:36.600 --> 01:04:39.787
But no matter what,
one of the things that's important is

a1f64d57-54a1-41c8-a88a-570474fa4fd7-1
01:04:39.787 --> 01:04:42.920
like if you can have mitigating
strategies for yourself.

ec5d3dcc-081c-4c81-84be-0691b7864dce-0
01:04:43.200 --> 01:04:48.218
So if you can take alternative bike
routes or any routes that separate you

ec5d3dcc-081c-4c81-84be-0691b7864dce-1
01:04:48.218 --> 01:04:50.560
from tailpipe emissions in any way.

ca0aed8b-a66c-44c2-9ab6-409fc8886dc2-0
01:04:50.800 --> 01:04:55.400
So things like as simple as being
separated by vegetation.

1e96f35f-356c-478f-9eea-e1714b0f523b-0
01:04:55.400 --> 01:05:01.129
Vegetation is really good at kind of
grabbing onto particulate matter and

1e96f35f-356c-478f-9eea-e1714b0f523b-1
01:05:01.129 --> 01:05:07.400
plants can even get a get air pollutants,
the gases ones like into their tissues

1e96f35f-356c-478f-9eea-e1714b0f523b-2
01:05:07.400 --> 01:05:09.800
like right through their stoma.

e6a03852-eaef-4224-994d-85ce7a38513b-0
01:05:10.240 --> 01:05:15.354
So you can people who are running,
cycling, and if they're aware of it,

e6a03852-eaef-4224-994d-85ce7a38513b-1
01:05:15.354 --> 01:05:19.120
you can take actions to try to reduce
your exposure.

20f48c27-851e-422e-a21e-01efffd68679-0
01:05:19.880 --> 01:05:23.643
But I think the argument,
at least for Americans, is like,

20f48c27-851e-422e-a21e-01efffd68679-1
01:05:23.643 --> 01:05:26.960
Americans tend to have pretty sedentary
lifestyles.

6a98b4d5-45aa-40b4-aaa1-eb18a2f0343a-0
01:05:27.280 --> 01:05:31.108
And so we wouldn't want,
it would be a public health failure if we

6a98b4d5-45aa-40b4-aaa1-eb18a2f0343a-1
01:05:31.108 --> 01:05:35.165
told people don't go biking,
don't go running because of air pollution

6a98b4d5-45aa-40b4-aaa1-eb18a2f0343a-2
01:05:35.165 --> 01:05:38.480
because that would overall have more
harms on our health.

2d9d16f0-112a-4e9e-9d7a-66cc9dc3150a-0
01:05:38.760 --> 01:05:39.600
So thank you very much.

487b8b90-da8e-43ce-9692-98db8d1a131d-0
01:05:39.600 --> 01:05:40.280
Yeah, thanks.